Effect of a SERF Strap on Pain and Knee-Valgus Angle During Unilateral Squat and Step Landing in Patellofemoral Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Herrington
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Smallest Detectable Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Context:A valgus position of the knee on functional loading tasks has been reported to be associated with patellofemoral-joint pain. Training programs to reduce knee valgus have been shown to be effective but take time. It would appear logical to use a brace or strap to help control this knee motion to reduce symptoms.Objective:To assess the impact of the SERF strap on knee valgus and patellofemoral-joint pain.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:University human performance laboratory.Participants:12 women with patellofemoral pain (mean age 24 ± 3.2 y).Intervention:Application of SERF strap.Main Outcome Measures:Knee-valgus angle on single-leg squat and step landing and visual analog scale pain score.Results:The application of the SERF brace significantly reduced the pain (P < .04) and knee valgus (P < .034) during both tasks.Conclusion:The SERF brace brings about a significant reduction in pain during functional tasks. Although the brace brought about a significant reduction in knee valgus, this failed to exceed the smallest-detectable-difference value, so the difference is likely to be related to measurement error. The mechanism as to why this the reduction in pain occurs therefore remains unclear, as this study in line with many others failed to demonstrate meaningful changes in kinematics that could provide an obvious explanation.

scholarly journals Randomized Exercise Trial of Aromatase Inhibitor–Induced Arthralgia in Breast Cancer Survivors

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1104-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda L. Irwin ◽  
Brenda Cartmel ◽  
Cary P. Gross ◽  
Elizabeth Ercolano ◽  
Fangyong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Arthralgia occurs in up to 50% of breast cancer survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and is the most common reason for poor AI adherence. We conducted, in 121 breast cancer survivors receiving an AI and reporting arthralgia, a yearlong randomized trial of the impact of exercise versus usual care on arthralgia severity. Patients and Methods Eligibility criteria included receiving an AI for at least 6 months, reporting ≥ 3 of 10 for worst joint pain on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and reporting < 90 minutes per week of aerobic exercise and no strength training. Participants were randomly assigned to exercise (150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise and supervised strength training twice per week) or usual care. The BPI, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire were completed at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Intervention effects were evaluated using mixed-model repeated measures analysis, with change at 12 months as the primary end point. Results Over 12 months, women randomly assigned to exercise (n = 61) attended 70% (± standard deviation [SD], 28%) of resistance training sessions and increased their exercise by 159 (± SD, 136) minutes per week. Worst joint pain scores decreased by 1.6 points (29%) at 12 months among women randomly assigned to exercise versus a 0.2-point increase (3%) among those receiving usual care (n = 60; P < .001). Pain severity and interference, as well as DASH and WOMAC pain scores, also decreased significantly at 12 months in women randomly assigned to exercise, compared with increases for those receiving usual care (all P < .001). Conclusion Exercise led to improvement in AI-induced arthralgia in previously inactive breast cancer survivors.

scholarly journals Impact of Urban Undersea Tunnel Longitudinal Slope on the Visual Characteristics of Drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shoushuo Wang ◽  
Zhigang Du ◽  
Fangtong Jiao ◽  
Libo Yang ◽  
Yudan Ni
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Longitudinal Slope ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vehicle Test ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the impact of the urban undersea tunnel longitudinal slope on the visual characteristics of drivers. 20 drivers were enrolled to conduct the real vehicle test of the urban undersea tunnel. First, the data of average fixation time and visual lobe were collected by an eye tracker. The differential significance was tested using the one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, the difference between the up-and-down slope (direction) factor and the longitudinal slope (percent) factor on the two indexes were analyzed using the two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Second, by constructing a Lorentz model, the impact of the longitudinal slope on the average fixation time and the visual lobe were analyzed. Besides, a three-dimensional model of the longitudinal slope, average fixation time, and visual lobe was quantified. The results showed that the average fixation time and visual lobe under different longitudinal slopes markedly differed when driving on the uphill and downhill sections. The average fixation time and visual lobe under two factors were markedly different. Moreover, with an increase in the longitudinal slope, the average fixation time exhibited a trend of increasing first then decreasing; the visual lobe exhibited a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The average fixation time reached the minimum and maximum value when the slope was 2.15% and 4.0%, whereas the visual lobe reached the maximum and minimum value when the slope was 2.88% and 4.0%. Overall, the longitudinal slope exerted a great impact on the visual load of the driver.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Discordance between Left- and Right-Hip Bone Mineral Density Using DXA

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziza Mounach ◽  
Asmaa Rezqi ◽  
Imad Ghozlani ◽  
Lahsen Achemlal ◽  
Ahmed Bezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Smallest Detectable Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Confounding Parameters

To determine the prevalence of significant left-right differences in hip bone mineral density (BMD), and the impact of this difference on osteoporosis diagnosis, we measured bilateral proximal femora using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 3481 subjects (608 males, 2873 females). The difference between left and right hip was considered significant if it exceeded the smallest detectable difference (SDD) for any of the three hip subregions. Contralateral femoral BMD was highly correlated at all measuring sites (–0.95). However, significant left-right differences in BMD were common: the difference exceeded the SDD for 54% of patients at total hip, 52.1% at femoral neck, and 57.7% at trochanter. The prevalence of left-right differences was greater in participants >65 years. For 1169 participants with normal spines, 22 (1.9%) had discordant left-right hips in which one hip was osteoporotic; for 1349 patients with osteopenic spines, 94 (7%) had osteoporosis in one hip. Participants with BMI < 20 kg/m2 were more likely to show major T-score discordance (osteoporosis in one hip and normal BMD in the other). Multiple regression analysis showed that the only significant statically parameter that persists after adjusting for all potential confounding parameters were age over 65 years.

Effects of Transducer Mass on Intramuscular Temperature During Ultrasound Treatments

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
Daniel Krasinski ◽  
Ashley B. Thrasher ◽  
Michael G. Miller ◽  
William R. Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Ultrasound Treatment ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Linear Temperature ◽  
Temperature Standards ◽  
Intramuscular Temperature

Context:A potential variable that could affect rate of temperature elevation with ultrasound is the pressure (mass) that is applied to the transducer head during application. Added pressure could compress the tissue, affecting density and the transmission of ultrasound energy. Little research has been completed to determine the effects of the amount of pressure applied during therapeutic ultrasound in vivo.Objective:To determine the effects of different applied transducer mass on intramuscular temperature during an ultrasound treatment within the left triceps surae.Design:Crossover clinical trial.Setting:Human performance research laboratory.Participants:Convenience sample of thirteen healthy, college-age students.Interventions:Three separate MHz, 1.0-W/cm2 ultrasound treatments were administered 1.5 cm within the triceps surae. The independent variables were the linear temperature standards (0.5°C, 1.0°C, 1.5°C, and 2.0°C above baseline) and the 3 different applied pressures measured in grams (200 g, 600 g, and 800 g).Main Outcome Measures:A thermocouple probe was used to measure triceps surae temperature, and time to reach the temperature standards was recorded during the ultrasound treatments. A 4 × 3 repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was used to analyze the differences for temperature points (0.5°C, 1.0°C, 1.5°C, and 2.0°C) and transducer mass (200 g, 600 g, and 800 g) and with respect to time.Results:The results of the RM-ANOVA showed no temperature-point and transducer-mass interaction (F6,72 = 1.69, P = .137) or main effect for mass (F2,24 = 1.23, P = .309). The time required to raise temperature 2°C was 209.1 ± 68.10 s at 200 g, 181.5 ± 61.50 s at 600 g, and 194.9 ± 75.54 s at 800 g.Conclusions:Under the conditions of this study, the amount of mass applied with the transducer during an ultrasound treatment does not ultimately affect the rate of tissue heating.

The Effects of Training the Humeral Rotators on Arm Elevation in the Scapular Plane

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J Durall ◽  
George J Davies ◽  
Thomas W Kernozek ◽  
Mark H Gibson ◽  
Dennis CW Fater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Arm Elevation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scapular Plane

Context:It has been hypothesized that the fibers of the infraspinatus and subscapularis superior to the glenohumeral axis of rotation contribute directly to arm elevation.Objective:To test this hypothesis by assessing the impact of 5 weeks of concentric isokinetic humeral-rotator training in a modified neutral position on scapular-plane arm-elevation peak torque.Design:Prospective, pretest/posttest with control group.Participants:24 female and 6 male noninjured college students (N = 30).Main Outcome Measures:Scapular-plane-elevation peak torque at 60, 180, and 300°/s.Results:Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated no difference in peak torque between groups at any of the angular velocities tested (P< .05)Conclusions:5 weeks of concentric isokinetic humeral-rotator training did not significantly increase scapular-plane-elevation peak torque.

The Effect of Hip Abductor Muscle Fatigue on Frontal Plane Knee Projection Angle During Step Landing

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Lee Herrington
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Abductor Muscle ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Projection Angle

Context:A number of acute and overuse knee pathologies share a mechanism involving a poor dynamic alignment of the limb creating increased stress in the tissues. Inappropriate execution of a correct strategy during landing has been suggested to involve insufficient activity of the hip abductor and external rotator muscles. Limited data describing the relationships between hip-abductor muscle fatigue and hip/knee joint mechanics exists.Objective:To investigate the effect of fatigue of the hip abductor muscles on knee valgus angle.Design:Repeated measures.Participants:30 asymptomatic subjects: 15 female (age 20.4 ± 1.4, range 18–26 years; height 1.66 m, range 1.60–1.76 m; weight 63.9 kg, range 58–68 kg) and 15 male subjects (age 22 ± 3.2, range 18–28 years; height 1.84 m, range 1.65–1.90 m; weight 82.1 kg, range 69–93 kg).Main outcome Measures:Knee valgus (frontal plane projection) angle was assessed during a step landing task before and following a fatiguing protocol of the hip abductor muscles involving repeated 10 s maximal isometric contractions of the hip abductor muscles, until strength was recorded as 50% of preintervention score.Results:Males showed no significant change in knee valgus angle at initial ground contact (p = .9 ES 0.1) or in maximum knee valgus (p = .64 ES 0.5) following the fatiguing. Females showed a significant increase in maximum knee valgus angle following the fatiguing (p = .0018 ES 1.0), though the knee valgus angle at initial contact was not changed (p = .12 ES 0.67). They also demonstrated a significant increase in the change in knee valgus angle between initial contact and maximum following the fatiguing (p = .0004 ES 0.88).Conclusion:Females appear more susceptible to the effects of hip muscle fatigue, leading to a detrimental change in landing kinematics which may then predispose them to knee injury.

Measurement of Knee-Joint-Position Sense in Women with Genu Recurvatum

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice K. Loudon
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Genu Recurvatum ◽  
The Difference

Context:Proprioception of the knee joint.Objective:To determine the difference in knee-joint-angle reproduction in women with and without genu recurvatum (GR).Design:Between-subjects.Setting:Clinic.Subjects:Twenty-four women divided into 2 groups according to their standing knee-extension angle.Main Outcome Measures:Each subject's ability to actively reproduce active positioning of 3 knee angles (10, 30, and 60°) was measured. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine correlation values for standing GR angle and absolute angular error (AAE). A1 -way repeated-measures MANOVA was computed to evaluate differences in group, angle, limb, and trial.Results:Standing GR angle correlated significantly to the AAE angle at 10° (r= .48). The high-recurvatum group consistently scored worse, with the highest error rate occurring at 10°.Conclusion:Individuals with GR might have diminished proprioceptive sense at end-range extension that could potentially lead to knee injury.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality-Based Early Neurocognitive Stimulation in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Guillem Navarra-Ventura ◽  
Gemma Gomà ◽  
Candelaria de Haro ◽  
Mercè Jodar ◽  
Leonardo Sarlabous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Icu Discharge ◽  
The Impact

This study focuses on the application of a non-immersive virtual reality (VR)-based neurocognitive intervention in critically ill patients. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of direct outcome measures to detect the impact of this digital therapy on patients’ cognitive and emotional outcomes. Seventy-two mechanically ventilated adult patients were randomly assigned to the “treatment as usual” (TAU, n = 38) or the “early neurocognitive stimulation” (ENRIC, n = 34) groups. All patients received standard intensive care unit (ICU) care. Patients in the ENRIC group also received adjuvant neurocognitive stimulation during the ICU stay. Outcome measures were a full neuropsychological battery and two mental health questionnaires. A total of 42 patients (21 ENRIC) completed assessment one month after ICU discharge, and 24 (10 ENRIC) one year later. At one-month follow-up, ENRIC patients had better working memory scores (p = 0.009, d = 0.363) and showed up to 50% less non-specific anxiety (11.8% vs. 21.1%) and depression (5.9% vs. 10.5%) than TAU patients. A general linear model of repeated measures reported a main effect of group, but not of time or group–time interaction, on working memory, with ENRIC patients outperforming TAU patients (p = 0.008, ηp2 = 0.282). Our results suggest that non-immersive VR-based neurocognitive stimulation may help improve short-term working memory outcomes in survivors of critical illness. Moreover, this advantage could be maintained in the long term. An efficacy trial in a larger sample of participants is feasible and must be conducted.

scholarly journals Impact of School Closure Due to COVID-19 on the Social-Emotional Skills of Japanese Pre-school Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satomi Doi ◽  
Keitaro Miyamura ◽  
Aya Isumi ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Emotional Skills ◽  
School Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study examines the impact on the social-emotional skills of Japanese pre-school children from downsizing of school activities in conjunction with voluntary school closures due to the first wave of COVID-19, in 2020.Methods: Participants included 32 children aged 4–5 years old from three pre-schools in Tokyo, Japan, where strict lockdown was not implemented and voluntary school closure was recommended. Child social-emotional skills was assessed by classroom teachers using Devereux Student Strengths Assessment mini (DESSA-mini) three times: November 2019, January 2020 (before the COVID-19), and March 2020 (during the first COVID-19 wave). All pre-schools implemented voluntary school closures from March 2nd, and two schools (school A and B) canceled school recitals, while one school (school C) allowed for it to be held on March 4th, with precautions in place to prevent the spread of infection. Repeated measures ANOVA were performed to examine the difference between the T scores of the DESSA-mini three pre-schools before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: In school C, children showed stable T scores of the DESSA-mini, whereas children in school A and B showed lower T scores of the DESSA-mini during COVID-19 than before it started. The interaction effects between time and pre-schools were found (F = 7.05, p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that school recitals in pre-schools were important to maintaining children's social-emotional skills during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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