Children’s Neuromotor and Muscle-Functional Attributes—Outstanding Issues

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffy Dotan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Functional Attributes ◽  
Neuromotor Function ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Neuromotor Development ◽  
Future Topics

The current understanding of child-adult differences in muscular and neuromotor function will be reviewed while highlighting the gaps in our knowledge and raising research questions that could be addressed in the immediate or near future. Topics include muscle activation, muscle composition, strength attributes, strength- and aerobic-training, neuromotor development, where neuromuscular differences originate from, and the possible interrelationships between motor and cognitive function. The various differences will be discussed on their specific merits, but also as possible manifestations of a common underlying factor which, if true, could provide a more holistic view of child-adult functional differences.

Spatial muscle activation patterns during different leg exercise protocols in physically active adults using muscle functional MRI: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-946
Author(s):  
Katherine Dooley ◽  
Suzanne J. Snodgrass ◽  
Peter Stanwell ◽  
Samantha Birse ◽  
Adrian Schultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Active Adults

An emerging method to measure muscle activation patterns is muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI), where preexercise and postexercise muscle metabolism differences indicate spatial muscle activation patterns. We evaluated studies employing mfMRI to determine activation patterns of lumbar or lower limb muscles following exercise in physically active adults. Electronic systematic searches were conducted until March 2020. All studies employing ≥1.5 Tesla MRI scanners to compare spatial muscle activation patterns at the level of or inferior to the first lumbar vertebra in healthy, active adults. Two authors independently assessed study eligibility before appraising methodological quality using a National Institutes of Health assessment tool. Because of heterogeneity, findings were synthesized without meta-analysis. Of the 1,946 studies identified, seven qualified for inclusion and pertained to hamstring ( n = 5), quadriceps ( n = 1) or extrinsic foot ( n = 1) muscles. All included studies controlled for internal validity, with one employing assessor blinding. MRI physics and differing research questions explain study methodology heterogeneity. Significant mfMRI findings were: following Nordic exercise, hamstrings with previous trauma (strain or surgical autograft harvest) demonstrated reduced activation compared with unharmed contralateral muscles, and asymptomatic individuals preferentially activated semitendinosus; greater biceps femoris long head to semitendinosus ratios reported following 45° hip extension over Nordic exercise; greater rectus femoris activation occurred in “flywheel” over barbell squats. mfMRI parameters differ on the basis of individual research questions. Individual muscles show greater activation following specific exercises, suggesting exercise specificity may be important for rehabilitation, although evidence is limited to single cohort studies comparing interlimb differences preexercise versus postexercise.

How far have we come with the study of knowledge risks?

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Durst
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Research Questions

Purpose This paper aims to review research on the topic of knowledge risks to establish the current body of knowledge and, on this basis, to suggest some promising avenues for future research. Design/methodology/approach This study consists of a systematic review of 52 refereed articles on knowledge risks. Findings The findings contribute to a more holistic view of the topic and related aspects and, thus, complement the study of knowledge management. Additionally, a number of research questions are proposed, aimed at guiding and informing future research activities. Research limitations/implications This study may not have enabled a complete coverage of all articles in the field of knowledge risks. Yet, based on the chosen research methodology, it seems reasonable to assume that the review process covered a large share of studies available. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, no systematic literature review on knowledge risks and related issues has previously been published in academic journals.

scholarly journals Self-adaptive architectures in IoT systems: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Alfonso ◽  
Kelly Garcés ◽  
Harold Castro ◽  
Jordi Cabot
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Dynamic Events ◽  
System A ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Adaptive Architectures ◽  
Self Adaptation ◽  
Near Future

AbstractOver the past few years, the relevance of the Internet of Things (IoT) has grown significantly and is now a key component of many industrial processes and even a transparent participant in various activities performed in our daily life. IoT systems are subjected to changes in the dynamic environments they operate in. These changes (e.g. variations in bandwidth consumption or new devices joining/leaving) may impact the Quality of Service (QoS) of the IoT system. A number of self-adaptation strategies for IoT architectures to better deal with these changes have been proposed in the literature. Nevertheless, they focus on isolated types of changes. We lack a comprehensive view of the trade-offs of each proposal and how they could be combined to cope with simultaneous events of different types.In this paper, we identify, analyze, and interpret relevant studies related to IoT adaptation and develop a comprehensive and holistic view of the interplay of different dynamic events, their consequences on QoS, and the alternatives for the adaptation. To do so, we have conducted a systematic literature review of existing scientific proposals and defined a research agenda for the near future based on the findings and weaknesses identified in the literature.

scholarly journals The Paradox between Consumerism and Sustainability - How to approach the marketing professionals with this theme

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Afonso Carlos Braga
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Present Rate ◽  
One Step ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Develop Market ◽  
Near Future

Much has been said these days about the World’s limited capacity to provide sustainable resources vis a vis the growing population's demand for goods and supplies in a planet of finite resources. According to the Living Planet Report, produced by the NGO World Wildlife Fund (WWF): “At humanity's present rate of consumption, by 2030 we'll need the resources of two Earths just to survive long-term. There are really two options: start building another Earth, or drastically change our lifestyles. Which one is supposed to be easier?”[1]The present article addresses this issue from the point of view of the marketing executives of big companies, responsible to lead the communication and growth strategies of those companies, often encouraging 'consumerism' to meet the profit and revenue growths. The idea was to understand if this topic is relevant to these professionals,hence their companies, and raise some hypotheses of how to approach this problem in order to provoke those companies to practice "conscious marketing". Going one step further, does the type of organizational paradigm in which the executive company acts should influence the way to approach this professional when conducting personal interviews to collect data? An initial analysis on the theory of how to develop market research questions to avoid bias and/or induced responses, will lead to the article conclusion of how to set up a questionnaire that will be taken into consideration in a near future, at the masters’ thesis of the author.[1] Source:http://io9.com/5664078/humanity-will-need-two-earths-to-sustain-itself-in-just-twenty-years, access 02 dec 12

Expats in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 168-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Som Sekhar Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Born Global ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Born Global Firms

Born global firms are coming up mostly from the developed world (read Uber, Facebook, Airbnb, and such others). In this chapter, the author attempts to find out why born global firms (BGFs) are not originating from India. The author undertakes an exploratory study to answer the research questions. Seventeen expats working in India were interviewed by in-depth personally administered semi-structured open-ended questionnaire. The 17 expert expats provided insights on the difficulties of doing business in India. These insights helped the author to analyze and synthesize how these insights would be indicative of the difficulties in the development of born global firms from India. The data was content analyzed by thematic content analysis. The findings indicate that there are challenges for BGFs to sprout from India in the near future.

Formal Linguistic Approaches to L3/Ln Acquisition: A Focus on Morphosyntactic Transfer in Adult Multilingualism

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Rothman ◽  
Becky Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Panoramic View ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Generative Linguistics ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Multilingual Research ◽  
Linguistic Approaches ◽  
Near Future

The goal of this article is to introduce the reader to contemporary adult multilingual acquisition research within generative linguistics. In much the same way as monolingual and bilingual acquisition studies are approached within this paradigm, generative multilingual research focuses primarily on the psycholinguistic and cognitive aspects of the acquisition process. Herein, we critically present a panoramic view of the research questions and empirical work that have dominated this nascent field, taking the reader through several interrelated epistemological discussions that are at the vanguard of contemporary multilingual morphosyntax work. We finish this article with some thoughts looking towards the near future of adult multilingual acquisition studies.

Coping with entrepreneurial failure

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Singh ◽  
Patricia Corner ◽  
Kathryn Pavlovich
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
High Failure Rate ◽  
Entrepreneurial Process ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Research Type

AbstractResearch on entrepreneurship focuses predominantly on success which ignores the high failure rate of new ventures and precludes a holistic view of the entrepreneurial process. The current study addresses failure by asking three research questions: how do entrepreneurs experience failure, how do they cope with it, and what do they learn from it? Rich interview data is analyzed using multiple frameworks from the literature. Findings suggest that more coping and learning occurs in the economic aspect of failed entrepreneurs' lives in comparison to the social, psychological and physiological aspects. Findings also provide a proposition for testing in future research: Type of coping engaged in by failing entrepreneurs is related to the kind of learning experienced through failure.

Coping with entrepreneurial failure

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Singh ◽  
Patricia Corner ◽  
Kathryn Pavlovich
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
High Failure Rate ◽  
Entrepreneurial Process ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Research Type

AbstractResearch on entrepreneurship focuses predominantly on success which ignores the high failure rate of new ventures and precludes a holistic view of the entrepreneurial process. The current study addresses failure by asking three research questions: how do entrepreneurs experience failure, how do they cope with it, and what do they learn from it? Rich interview data is analyzed using multiple frameworks from the literature. Findings suggest that more coping and learning occurs in the economic aspect of failed entrepreneurs' lives in comparison to the social, psychological and physiological aspects. Findings also provide a proposition for testing in future research: Type of coping engaged in by failing entrepreneurs is related to the kind of learning experienced through failure.

Language is me: Language maintenance in Chipilo, Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (248) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Tararova
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
College And University ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThe present study analyses the attitudes of Italo-Mexican speakers in a bicultural, bilingual community, Chipilo, Mexico, who have preserved their minority language, Veneto, for over a century. The study was guided by two research questions, which examined the possible instruction in Veneto in schools and the link between speakers’ identity and Veneto. Three social variables were examined: gender, age, and education. The results showed a positive correlation between participants’ identity and Veneto use, specifically among younger male speakers. In terms of instruction in schools, the data revealed the possibility of incorporating Veneto in classrooms; predominantly positive responses were given among males (aged 35–55+) with College and University levels of education. Based on these two results, there is a high probability of Veneto maintenance in the near future.

scholarly journals Tourism during and after COVID-19: An Expert-Informed Agenda for Future Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 004728752110172
Author(s):  
A. George Assaf ◽  
Florian Kock ◽  
Mike Tsionas
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Topics ◽  
The Way

With the COVID-19 pandemic reaching a more mature, yet still threatening, stage, the time is ripe to look forward in order to identify the topics and trends that will shape future tourism research and practice. This note sets out to develop an agenda for tourism research post COVID-19. We surveyed several industry and academic experts seeking their opinion on three important questions: What potential future topics are needed to address the impact of COVID-19? What existing research areas/topics will become more relevant? What changes are recommended for data collection? Interpreting and synthesizing the answers yields six focal research avenues that researchers should devote more attention and effort to. For each topic, we present various important research questions. By doing so, this note paves the way and serves as a signpost for countless intriguing future research endeavors that are of high relevance and demanded by the industry.

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