Formal Linguistic Approaches to L3/Ln Acquisition: A Focus on Morphosyntactic Transfer in Adult Multilingualism

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Rothman ◽  
Becky Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Panoramic View ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Generative Linguistics ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Multilingual Research ◽  
Linguistic Approaches ◽  
Near Future

The goal of this article is to introduce the reader to contemporary adult multilingual acquisition research within generative linguistics. In much the same way as monolingual and bilingual acquisition studies are approached within this paradigm, generative multilingual research focuses primarily on the psycholinguistic and cognitive aspects of the acquisition process. Herein, we critically present a panoramic view of the research questions and empirical work that have dominated this nascent field, taking the reader through several interrelated epistemological discussions that are at the vanguard of contemporary multilingual morphosyntax work. We finish this article with some thoughts looking towards the near future of adult multilingual acquisition studies.

Children’s Neuromotor and Muscle-Functional Attributes—Outstanding Issues

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffy Dotan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Functional Attributes ◽  
Neuromotor Function ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Neuromotor Development ◽  
Future Topics

The current understanding of child-adult differences in muscular and neuromotor function will be reviewed while highlighting the gaps in our knowledge and raising research questions that could be addressed in the immediate or near future. Topics include muscle activation, muscle composition, strength attributes, strength- and aerobic-training, neuromotor development, where neuromuscular differences originate from, and the possible interrelationships between motor and cognitive function. The various differences will be discussed on their specific merits, but also as possible manifestations of a common underlying factor which, if true, could provide a more holistic view of child-adult functional differences.

What is a Prototype? What are the Roles of Prototypes in Companies?

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlye A. Lauff ◽  
Daria Kotys-Schwartz ◽  
Mark E. Rentschler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Product Development Cycle

Prototyping is an essential part of product development in companies, and yet it is one of the least explored areas of design practice. There are limited ethnographic studies conducted within companies, specifically around the topic of prototyping. This is an empirical and industrial-based study using inductive ethnographic observations to further our understanding of the various roles prototypes play in organizations. This research observed the entire product development cycle within three companies in the fields of consumer electronics (CE), footwear (FW), and medical devices (MD). Our guiding research questions are: What is a prototype? What are the roles of prototypes across these three companies? Through our analysis, we uncovered that prototypes are tools for enhanced communication, increased learning, and informed decision-making. Specifically, we further refine these categories to display the types of communication, learning, and decision-making that occur. These insights are significant because they validate many prior prototyping theories and claims, while also adding new perspectives through further exploiting each role. Finally, we provide newly modified definitions of a prototype and prototyping based on this empirical work, which we hope expands designers' mental models for the terms.

Brain, Beauty, and Art

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Creative Arts ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
Short History ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Music And Architecture ◽  
Volume Targets ◽  
Near Future

Neuroscience joins the long history of discussions about aesthetics in psychology, philosophy, art history, and the creative arts. In this volume, leading scholars in this nascent field reflect on the promise of neuroaesthetics to enrich our understanding of this universal yet diverse facet of human experience. The volume will inform and stimulate anyone with an abiding interest in why it is that, across time and culture, we respond to beauty, engage with art, and are affected by music and architecture. The volume consists of essays from foundational researchers whose empirical work launched the field. Each essay is anchored to an original, peer-reviewed paper from the short history of this new and burgeoning subdiscipline of cognitive neuroscience. Authors of each essay were asked three questions: (1) What motivated the original paper? (2) What were the main findings or theoretical claims made?, and (3) How do those findings or claims fit with the current state and anticipated near future of neuroaesthetics? Together, these essays establish the territory and current boundaries of neuroaesthetics and identify its most promising future directions. Topics include models of neuroaesthetics and discussions of beauty, art, dance, music, literature, and architecture. The volume targets the general public; it also serves as an important resource for scientists, humanitarians, educators, and newcomers to the field, and it will catalyze interdisciplinary conversations critical to the maturation of this young field.

scholarly journals The Paradox between Consumerism and Sustainability - How to approach the marketing professionals with this theme

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Afonso Carlos Braga
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Present Rate ◽  
One Step ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Develop Market ◽  
Near Future

Much has been said these days about the World’s limited capacity to provide sustainable resources vis a vis the growing population's demand for goods and supplies in a planet of finite resources. According to the Living Planet Report, produced by the NGO World Wildlife Fund (WWF): “At humanity's present rate of consumption, by 2030 we'll need the resources of two Earths just to survive long-term. There are really two options: start building another Earth, or drastically change our lifestyles. Which one is supposed to be easier?”[1]The present article addresses this issue from the point of view of the marketing executives of big companies, responsible to lead the communication and growth strategies of those companies, often encouraging 'consumerism' to meet the profit and revenue growths. The idea was to understand if this topic is relevant to these professionals,hence their companies, and raise some hypotheses of how to approach this problem in order to provoke those companies to practice "conscious marketing". Going one step further, does the type of organizational paradigm in which the executive company acts should influence the way to approach this professional when conducting personal interviews to collect data? An initial analysis on the theory of how to develop market research questions to avoid bias and/or induced responses, will lead to the article conclusion of how to set up a questionnaire that will be taken into consideration in a near future, at the masters’ thesis of the author.[1] Source:http://io9.com/5664078/humanity-will-need-two-earths-to-sustain-itself-in-just-twenty-years, access 02 dec 12

Expats in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 168-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Som Sekhar Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Born Global ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Born Global Firms

Born global firms are coming up mostly from the developed world (read Uber, Facebook, Airbnb, and such others). In this chapter, the author attempts to find out why born global firms (BGFs) are not originating from India. The author undertakes an exploratory study to answer the research questions. Seventeen expats working in India were interviewed by in-depth personally administered semi-structured open-ended questionnaire. The 17 expert expats provided insights on the difficulties of doing business in India. These insights helped the author to analyze and synthesize how these insights would be indicative of the difficulties in the development of born global firms from India. The data was content analyzed by thematic content analysis. The findings indicate that there are challenges for BGFs to sprout from India in the near future.

What Constitutes Successful Entrepreneurship? An Analysis of Recent Australasian Awards Experiences

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Kearins ◽  
Belinda Luke ◽  
Patricia Corner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Insight Into

Theory about what constitutes entrepreneurial success is explored using case studies of the 2003 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award winners for Australia and New Zealand. Findings suggest the need to more equally emphasize what theory presents as elements of successful entrepreneurship, and importantly, incorporate ethics as a key dimension. Further, the analysis offers insight into how business awards processes in general might be conducted.Entrepreneurship has long been considered an important economic activity. The past twenty years has witnessed an explosion of research into entrepreneurs and their actions (Venkatarman 1997; Hannafey 2003) with considerable emphasis on the elements that constitute successful entrepreneurship. However, there has been little empirical work substantiating these elements or exploring the extent to which they appear to be considered when judgements are made about entrepreneurial success. Additionally, some entrepreneurs that are judged successful, such as Monty Fu who won an entrepreneur of the year award in the United States, are later shown to be unsuccessful along a number of elements. It may be that some elements are more emphasized when judging entrepreneurial endeavours, than are others. For these reasons, the current paper focuses on the construction of successful entrepreneurship. It addresses the following research questions: Are there some elements of entrepreneurship that appear to be more emphasized than are others when judgements are made about successful entrepreneurs? Would recourse to theory help decide successful entrepreneurship?

Posing Significant Research Questions

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfa Cai ◽  
Anne Morris ◽  
Charles Hohensee ◽  
Stephen Hwang ◽  
Victoria Robison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Research In Education ◽  
Significant Question

In 2002, the National Research Council (NRC) released Scientific Research in Education, a report that proposed six principles to serve as guidelines for all scientific inquiry in education. The first of these principles was to “pose significant questions that can be investigated empirically” (p. 3). The report argued that the significance of a question could be established on a foundation of existing theoretical, methodological, and empirical work. However, it is not always clear what counts as a significant question in educational research or where such questions come from. Moreover, our analysis of the reviews for manuscripts submitted to JRME1 suggests that some practical, specific guidance could help researchers develop a significant question or make the case for the significance of a research question when preparing reports of research for publication.

Language is me: Language maintenance in Chipilo, Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (248) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Tararova
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
College And University ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThe present study analyses the attitudes of Italo-Mexican speakers in a bicultural, bilingual community, Chipilo, Mexico, who have preserved their minority language, Veneto, for over a century. The study was guided by two research questions, which examined the possible instruction in Veneto in schools and the link between speakers’ identity and Veneto. Three social variables were examined: gender, age, and education. The results showed a positive correlation between participants’ identity and Veneto use, specifically among younger male speakers. In terms of instruction in schools, the data revealed the possibility of incorporating Veneto in classrooms; predominantly positive responses were given among males (aged 35–55+) with College and University levels of education. Based on these two results, there is a high probability of Veneto maintenance in the near future.

A hearer-based analysis of Turkish–Azerbaijani receptive multilingual communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-855
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek ◽  
Elena Antonova Ünlü
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Multilingual Communication ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Multilingual Research ◽  
Authentic Data

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: Receptive multilingualism (RM), a mode of multilingual communication in which speakers of different languages use their own native language to communicate and still understand each other, is considered to be a relatively under-investigated area in multilingual research. This paper examines features of Turkish–Azerbaijani RM and, focusing on a hearer-based analysis, looks into strategies applied for achieving understanding in the receptive multilingual communication (RMC). Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is carried out within the conceptual framework of RM. Data and Analysis: Authentic data obtained from oral communication between an Azerbaijani and a Turkish native speaker are analyzed and a post-interview was conducted with the participants in order to investigate to what extent they were able to understand each other in the RMC and what strategies they applied to achieve understanding. Findings/Conclusions: The study reveals that the Turkish and Azerbaijani participants could communicate with each other in RM mode without much difficulty thanks to the typological proximity of their languages. In a few instances in which lack of understanding occurred, the participants were found to apply strategies such as asking questions for clarification, conveying confirmation, repeating, rephrasing, resorting to their lexical and world knowledge as well as utilizing the let-it-pass strategy. Originality and Significance/Implications: The significance of the study is twofold: first, it demonstrates that RMC between Turkish and Azerbaijani can be utilized as an alternative to lingua franca communication; and second, the study expands the taxonomy of hearer-based strategies in RMC.

scholarly journals Tech Clusters

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-76
Author(s):  
William R. Kerr ◽  
Frederic Robert-Nicoud
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Business Competitiveness

Tech clusters like Silicon Valley play a central role for modern innovation, business competitiveness, and economic performance. This paper reviews what constitutes a tech cluster, how they function internally, and the degree to which policy makers can purposefully foster them. We describe the growing influence of advanced technologies for businesses outside of traditional tech fields, the strains and backlash that tech clusters are experiencing, and emerging research questions for theory and empirical work.

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