Relationship of Intensity and Direction of Competitive Trait Anxiety to Skill Level and Gender in Tennis

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Perry ◽  
Jean M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of

The purpose of this study was to examine the intensity of competitive trait anxiety and self-confidence and interpret whether these symptoms facilitated or debilitated performance in three distinct skill-level groups in tennis for both males and females. Advanced (n = 50), intermediate (n = 96), and novice (n = 79) tennis players completed a modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. The three groups did not differ for somatic anxiety intensity, but the novice group reported less cognitive anxiety intensity and the advanced group higher self-confidence levels. Only advanced players reported more facilitative interpretations versus the hypothesized progressive increase across skill level. Males and females did not differ on self-confidence and anxiety intensity, but males reported a more facilitative interpretation of anxiety. Analyses of subjects who reported debilitating effects for cognitive and somatic anxiety revealed higher intensities on both anxiety subscales and lower self-confidence levels. The discussion addresses implications for the practitioner.

Genier Differences in Precompetition Temporal Fattening ami Antecedents of Anxiety and Self-Confidence

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Jones ◽  
Austin Swain ◽  
Andrew Cale
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
University Athletes

This study examined changes in, and antecedents of, cognitive anxiety» somatic anxiety» and self-confidence in a sample of male (w=28) and female (»=28) university athletes. Subjects responded to the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) and six antecedent items during the week preceding an important competition. In the case of cognitive anxiety, males showed no change across time; females showed a progressive increase as the competition neared. Males and females showed the same patterning in somatic anxiety with increases occurring only on the day of competition. Self-confidence scores revealed a reduction in self-confidence as the competition neared in both genders, but there was a greater decrease in females than in males. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that different antecedents predicted cognitive anxiety and self-confidence in males and females. Specifically, significant predictors in the females were associated with personal goals and standards; significant predictors in the males were associated with interpersonal comparison and winning.

scholarly journals Correlation of age, height, and gender with +Gz tolerance among healthy Indian participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
S Kasture ◽  
M Sharma ◽  
MS Nataraja
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Aerospace Medicine ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Aircrew are repetitively exposed to positive Gz acceleration in fighter flying. Factors affecting +Gz tolerance vary among individuals and are determined by both modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Some of the non-modifiable factors influencing +Gz tolerance are age, gender, and height. The present study was undertaken to understand the relationship of these variables with relaxed +Gz tolerance. Material and Methods: The study involved a retrospective analysis of existing database of the high-performance human centrifuge at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine. Relevant data from 70 non-aircrew subjects were included for the study. Of these, 39 were male and 31 were female. The age and height varied from 27 to 38 years and 157 to 187 cm, respectively. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel® to find the correlation between age and height with relaxed +Gz tolerance. Relaxed +Gz tolerance of men and women was compared using unpaired t-test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age, height, and relaxed +Gz tolerance of males were found to be 30.25 ± 4.3 years, 172.58 ± 6.5 cm, and 4.89 ± 0.67G, respectively, whereas those of females were 27.28 ± 3.36 years, 158.46 ± 6.78 cm, and 4.4 ± 0.85G, respectively. In both males and females, age and height showed no correlation with relaxed +Gz tolerance. However, the relaxed +Gz tolerance was found to be higher in males and this difference was statistically different (P = 0.008). Conclusion: Age and height showed no correlation with relaxed +Gz tolerance in both males and females nonaircrew subjects. Males exhibited a statistically significant, higher relaxed +Gz tolerance as compared to females.

Age group and gender-wise comparison of obesity indices in subjects of Varanasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Kumar Sarvottam ◽  
Prabhat Ranjan ◽  
Umashree Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Obesity Indices ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Deposition of body fat may differ in different age groups and gender-wise differences are also likely. The present study aims to evaluate age- and gender-wise differences in obesity parameters in healthy subjects of both genders of Varanasi. Materials and Methods: Anthropometric measurements were performed in 346 subjects reported in health check-up camp. Parameters were compared between each age group for males and females separately as well as gender-wise comparison for each age group was also performed. Regression analysis was performed to observe the relationship of age with obesity parameters and body mass index (BMI) with other parameters of obesity. Results: Both males and females had central obesity with males having higher waist circumference (WC) than females (P = 0.002) while females had higher body fat (fat %) (P = 0.000). Obesity indices of males of age group of 18–29 years were lesser as compared to other age groups. Obesity indices of female subjects were comparable in 18–39 years of age. Age group of 30–39 and 50–59 years males had higher WC than females (P = 0.002, 0.016, respectively) while fat % of females in each age group were significantly higher than males of corresponding age groups. Positive correlation of age with obesity parameters and BMI with WC and fat % was observed. Conclusion: Gender-wise differences in BMI, WC, WHtR and fat % tend to increase with age, indicative of increase in adiposity and central obesity with progressing age. Males in general have higher WC than females but lesser fat %. Gender differences in obesity may show age group specific variations. Findings of the study may be useful for identifying age specific distribution of obesity indices in males and females.

Precompetition Anxiety and Self-Confidence in Wheelchair Sport Participants

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Campbell ◽  
Graham Jones
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
National Level ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Response Intensity ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Anxiety Response ◽  
Time Periods

This study examined the precompetition temporal patterning of anxiety and self-confidence in wheelchair sport participants. The subjects comprised of 103 male (n = 87) and female (n = 16) wheelchair sport participants who participated at national level or above in a variety of sports. All the subjects completed a modified version of the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory-2 (CTAI-2) which measured three dimensions of their normal competitive anxiety response (intensity, frequency, and direction), at three time periods preceding competition (1 week, 2 hours, and 30 minutes before). The findings suggest that wheelchair sport participants show a similar precompetition anxiety response to nondisabled sport participants. However, there appears to be some differences, particularly in the intensity of somatic anxiety symptoms experienced and the reduction in self-confidence just prior to competition. The findings also provide further support for the distinction between intensity, frequency, and direction of competitive anxiety symptoms.

scholarly journals Ansiedad estado precompetitiva en judocas

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Montero Carretero ◽  
Juan A. Moreno-Murcia ◽  
Inmaculada González Ponce ◽  
Juan J. Pulido González ◽  
Eduardo M. Cervelló Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Performance Level

<p><strong><em>Aim</em></strong><strong>:</strong> The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) in Spanish judokas, and calculate differences in pre-competitive state anxiety due the sport level, age and gender. We analyze these relationships using a multidimensional anxiety perspective.</p><p><strong><em>Method: </em></strong>A sample of 128 judokas from amateur to high performance level participated in our study. The intensity and directional somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety and self confidence of the CSAI-2 were measured.</p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> The results show that the questionnaire administered showed acceptable psychometric properties, and there are differences in directional somatic and cognitive anxiety for age, and in intensity self confidence for sport level. The implications of these findings for the process of training and competition are discussed in the document.

Relationships between Sport Achievement Orientation and Competitive State Anxiety

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Swain ◽  
Graham Jones
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Somatic Response

This study examined the relationship between sport achievement orientation and cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence in a sample of male (n=60) track and field athletes. Subjects responded to the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) on five occasions during the precompetition period and also completed the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ). Stepwise multiple-regression analyses were employed in order to determine whether any of the SOQ subscales emerged as significant predictors of the CSAI-2 subscale scores. The dominant predictor to emerge for each anxiety subcomponent was the competitiveness subscale. The subjects were then dichotomized into high and low groups of competitiveness by means of the median-split technique. Two-way analyses of variance revealed significant group by time-to-competition interactions for both cognitive and somatic anxiety. In the case of cognitive anxiety, the high competitive group exhibited no change across time; the low competitive group showed a progressive increase as the competition neared. Findings for somatic anxiety revealed that the low competitive group reported an earlier elevation in the somatic response. Significant main effects of both time-to-event and group (but no interaction) were found for self-confidence. The findings revealed that the high competitive group, although reporting higher levels of self-confidence throughout the experimental period, reported reduced self-confidence on the day of competition; in the low competitive group, self-confidence remained stable. These results suggest that the precompetition temporal patterning of the multidimensional anxiety subcomponents differ as a function of competitiveness.

The Relation of Satisfaction, Self-Confidence and Emotion in a Simulated Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Mano ◽  
Alessandra Mazzo ◽  
Jose Rodrigues Torres Neto ◽  
Cezar Kayzuka Cotta Filho ◽  
Vinicius Pereira Goncalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
High Satisfaction ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Level Of Motivation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractClinical simulation allows discussions about improving the quality on the patient’s care. This method have effectiveness on what concerns to satisfaction, self-confidence and student motivation. However, during the assessment, the students have emotional reactions that have tended to be overlooked. In view of this, this article seeks to identify and describe the relationship of the emotions observed by facial expressions and assess their degree of satisfaction and self-confidence by carrying out simulated practices among the nursing students. The analysis based on the scales showed high satisfaction and self-confidence levels, and it was found that the predominant basic emotion was anger, which is caused by other correlated emotions like tension and stress. This divergence between the identified emotions opens up space for further investigations about the level of motivation and the stimulus tolearning that these emotions can provide, and the extent to which they can lead to satisfaction and self-confidence.

scholarly journals Pre-Competitive Anxiety: A comparative study between “Under 12” and Senior teams in football (Ansiedad Pre-Competitiva: Estudio comparativo entre equipos de fútbol infantil y fútbol senior)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
João Serrano ◽  
Rui Reis ◽  
Teresa Fonseca ◽  
Rui Paulo ◽  
Samuel Honório ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Senior Athletes ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Smirnov Test

The present investigation intends to study if the importance and the difficulty of the game, the pre-competitive anxiety (somatic and cognitive) and the levels of self-confidence in football were influenced by the competitive level (Under 12 and Seniors) and also where the game took place (home / outside) and to verify the correlations between these variables. The sample was intentional and consisted of 85 male athletes, participants in the regional championship of “Under 12” and Seniors. The “Under 12” athletes (35) were aged between 11 and 12 years (M = 11.02 ± 0.37) and the Senior athletes (50) were aged between 18 and 35 years (M = 26.66 ± 4.41). The instrument used was the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) of Martens et al. (1990) and translated and validated into Portuguese language by Raposo & Fernandes (2004). The results showed that, regardless of the competitive level (Under 12 and Seniors), athletes showed high levels of importance and difficulty to games performed both at home and away from home. Game importance and difficulty levels as well as levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety were higher in the “Under 12” teams, while self-confidence levels were higher in Senior teams. Positive correlations were found between the importance and difficulty of the games, between cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety. But, the negative correlations were found between cognitive and somatic anxiety and self-confidence.Resumen. El presente estudio tiene como objetivos verificar si la importancia del juego, la dificultad del juego, la ansiedad precompetitiva (somática y cognitiva) y los niveles de autoconfianza son influenciados por el escalón competitivo de los deportistas (infantiles / seniors) y por la localización de los juegos (casa / fuera), y conocer las correlaciones existentes entre la importancia, la dificultad del juego, la ansiedad (somática y cognitiva) y la autoconfianza. Participaron en el estudio 85 deportistas del sexo masculino, a competir en el campeonato distrital de fútbol, en los escalones de infantiles y seniors. Los deportistas infantiles (35) tenían edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 12 años (M = 11.02 ± 0.37) y los deportistas seniors (50) tenían edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 35 años (M = 26.66 ± 4.41). El instrumento utilizado fue el Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2), elaborado por Martens et al. (1990), traducido y validado al idioma portugués por Raposo y Fernandes (2004). En cuanto a los procedimientos estadísticos, probamos la distribución de los datos de la muestra a través del Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Para una distribución normal, utilizamos el test paramétrico t de Student para muestras independientes. Las correlaciones entre las variables se determinaron a través del Coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, aplicamos aún una regresión lineal en función de las variables importancia y dificultad de los juegos para ambos grupos de edad en análisis. También aplicamos el método de inferencias basadas en la magnitud de los efectos a través del d-Cohen y el r-Cohen. Adoptamos un nivel de significancia de p ≤ 0.05. Los resultados mostraron que independientemente del escalón competitivo (infantiles o seniors) los deportistas atribuyeron niveles elevados de importancia y dificultad a los juegos realizados en casa o fuera de casa. Los niveles de importancia y dificultad de los juegos, así como los niveles de ansiedad cognitiva y somática fueron más altos en los equipos de fútbol infantil, aunque sin diferencias significativas en comparación con los equipos seniors, mientras que los niveles de autoconfianza fueron significativamente superiores en equipos del fútbol senior. En ambos escalones se observaron correlaciones positivas entre la dificultad del juego y la importancia del mismo, promoviendo estas variables, en términos generales y en ambos niveles un aumento de la ansiedad y una disminución de la autoconfianza. Los resultados fueron abundantes en cuanto a la importancia y la dificultad de los juegos que explican de manera residual los niveles de ansiedad y confianza en sí mismos en los niveles de infantiles y senior.

scholarly journals Competitive trait anxiety and general self-esteem of athletes according to the sport type and gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-307
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Sanader ◽  
Jelena R. Petrović ◽  
Ljubica Bačanac ◽  
Ivan Ivković ◽  
Ivan B. Petrović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
Negative Emotional State ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of

Traditionally, anxiety has been interpreted as a negative emotional state characterized by nervousness, worry, fret, uncertainty and vague fear which could have an adverse effect on sports achievement. On the other hand, sport type and its specific nature and demands, may also be connected with the level of state and trait anxiety. This study aimed to investigate potential differences in the competitive trait anxiety level and general self-esteem according to gender in sports of different contact level. The sample consisted of 1024 (590 males and 434 females) young athletes. Independent variables were sport contact level (non-contact, contact and collision sports) and gender. Dependent variables were measured by the adjusted versions of Sport Competition Anxiety Test and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Basic descriptive statistics was calculated for all the groups, and the differences between them were established using χ² test and MANOVA. The results suggest significant differences in trait competitive anxiety per sport type, gender and their interaction, and no differences in the general self-esteem level. The current study reveals that not only the intensity but also the intergroup relationship of a sport contact level (non-contact, contact and collision sports) is gender determined. These findings are important in psycho-diagnostic procedure and choosing appropriate coping strategies for athletes.

Predispositions to Experience Debilitative and Facilitative Anxiety in Elite and Nonelite Performers

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Jones ◽  
Austin Swain
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Anxiety States ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety

The major purpose of this study was to examine the distinction between “intensity” (i.e., level) and “direction” (i.e., interpretation of level as either debilitative or facilitative) of competitive anxiety symptoms as a function of skill level. Elite (n = 68) and nonelite (n = 65) competitive cricketers completed a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. The findings showed no difference between the two groups on the intensity of cognitive and somatic anxiety symptoms, but elite performers interpreted both anxiety states as being more facilitative to performance than did the nonelite performers. No differences emerged between the groups for self-confidence. Further analyses showed that cricketers in the nonelite group who reported their anxiety as debilitative had higher cognitive anxiety intensity levels than those who reported it as facilitative, but no such differences were evident in the elite group. These findings provide further support for the distinction between intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety symptoms.

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