scholarly journals Bonobos engage in joint commitment

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (51) ◽  
pp. eabd1306
Author(s):  
Raphaela Heesen ◽  
Adrian Bangerter ◽  
Klaus Zuberbühler ◽  
Federico Rossano ◽  
Katia Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Joint Commitment ◽  
Joint Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nonhuman Animals

Joint action is central to human nature, enabling collectives to achieve goals otherwise unreachable by individuals. It is enabled by humans’ capacity to understand and engage in joint commitments. Joint commitments are evidenced when partners in interrupted joint actions reengage one another. To date, there is no clear evidence whether nonhuman animals understand joint commitment, suggesting that only humans experience it. Here, we revisit this claim by interrupting bonobos engaged in social activities. Bonobos reliably resumed the activity, and the likelihood of resumption was higher for social compared to solitary activities. Furthermore, communicative efforts deployed to suspend and resume social activities varied depending on partners’ social relationships and interactive roles. Our results suggest that bonobos, like humans, engage in joint commitment and have some awareness of the social consequences of breaking it.

The Social Consequences of Phubbing

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariek Vanden Abeele
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expectancy Violations ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Social

Recent empirical work suggests that phubbing, a term used to describe the practice of snubbing someone with a phone during a face-to-face social interaction, harms the quality of social relationships. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this chapter presents a framework that integrates three concurrent mechanisms that explain the relational impact of phubbing: expectancy violations, ostracism, and attentional conflict. Based on this framework, theoretically grounded propositions are formulated that may serve as guidelines for future research on these mechanisms, the conditions under which they operate, and a number of potential issues that need to be considered to further validate and extend the framework.

DEVELOPMENT OF NON-VERBAL MEANS OF COMMUNICATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH STUTTERING IN THE PROCESS OF COMPLEX CORRECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Kalyaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
The Social

The article reveals the need for the development of non-verbal means of communication in primary school students with stuttering, the ultimate goal of which is the social rehabilitation of a stuttering child, which includes not only the re-education of his personality and speech, but also the development of social relationships in order to integrate the acquired knowledge into educational and social activities.

Social Consequences of Equalizing Irrigation Access

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton Pasternak
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
Irrigation Agriculture

It is now recognized that the social relationships between men and between communities are conditioned by their technological relationship to water. This is especially clear in studies dealing with the social concomitants of irrigation at the state level. Karl Wittfogel, for example, argues that particular techno-environmental settings are associated with specific socio-political correlates. Agricultural systems predicated upon integrated irrigation networks, according to him, tend to generate despotic states and elaborate bureaucracies. Yet irrigation systems vary greatly in space and time, and it seems reasonable to expect that the specific local form of irrigation agriculture will affect social and political patterns as well as cropping patterns and associated economic potentialities. As local irrigation systems shift, we may anticipate associated adaptations of a sociocultural sort. Prediction of the probable direction and character of such adaptations depends ultimately upon an awareness of which features go with which kinds of irrigation systems.

scholarly journals ETHICAL LEADERSHIP: A VERITABLE TOOL FOR NATIONAL TRANSFORMATION, PEACE AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

2020 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Gabriel Asuquo ◽  
Akerele Peter Adelaja
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Rape Victim ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Transformation ◽  
Left Lane

For sundry reasons, every human community is replete with aberrations of varying magnitude. Some aberrations become so through the criminalisation process by society, some other human acts are considered ontologically uncongenial to human nature. Driving on the left lane of the road in Nigeria, for example, is a traffic offence. It is so because Nigerian road traffic experts consider it convenient to keep right while driving, thereby criminalising driving on the left lane of the road. The aberration of driving on the left lane of the road cannot be said to be adorned with ontological colouration. The phenomenon of rape is considered an ontological aberration in this article and repugnant to human nature. Both the victim and the perpetrator of rape are exposed to social and psychological repercussions. Unfortunately, some of the repercussions on the victim of rape are unnecessary, as they are cosmetically imposed by society, and there is no necessary connection between the aberration and the social consequences. Some of the social and psychological consequences of the phenomenon of rape are considered in this work, and it is argued herein that the social consequences imposed on the victim of rape are unnecessary, and that they unnecessarily compound the traumas that the rape-victim suffers. It is, therefore, suggested herein that some cultural perceptions among most Nigerian tribes should be reviewed to ameliorate the repercussions of rape in the rape-victim.

The Social Consequences of Participating in the Ethnic Economy

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Fong ◽  
Emi Ooka
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Ethnic Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethnic Economies ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Favorable Evaluation ◽  
Family Class

This study examines the effects of working in ethnic economy on social integration of immigrants. The analysis is based on a recently completed survey of the Chinese ethnic economy in Toronto. Our findings show that working in ethnic economies hampers participation in the social activities of the wider society. Results also suggest that those who gave a favorable evaluation of their own group, those who are independent class and family class immigrants have a higher likelihood of participation in social activities in the wider society. However, if those immigrants participate in an ethnic economy, they have significantly less participation in social activities in the wider society. Although previous research has documented that employment in ethnic economy is an “alternative avenue” for immigrants to achieve economic advancement in a new country, our study suggests that the social cost is substantial.

scholarly journals How apes get into and out of joint actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Genty ◽  
Raphaela Heesen ◽  
Jean-Pascal Guéry ◽  
Federico Rossano ◽  
Klaus Zuberbühler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Action ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Joint Commitment ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
Joint Actions ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Action Coordination ◽  
Complex Joint

Abstract Compared to other animals, humans appear to have a special motivation to share experiences and mental states with others (Clark, 2006; Grice, 1975), which enables them to enter a condition of ‘we’ or shared intentionality (Tomasello & Carpenter, 2005). Shared intentionality has been suggested to be an evolutionary response to unique problems faced in complex joint action coordination (Levinson, 2006; Tomasello, Carpenter, Call, Behne, & Moll, 2005) and to be unique to humans (Tomasello, 2014). The theoretical and empirical bases for this claim, however, present several issues and inconsistencies. Here, we suggest that shared intentionality can be approached as an interactional achievement, and that by studying how our closest relatives, the great apes, coordinate joint action with conspecifics, we might demonstrate some correlate abilities of shared intentionality, such as the appreciation of joint commitment. We provide seven examples from bonobo joint activities to illustrate our framework.

scholarly journals A JURISPRUDENTIAL AND SOCIO-CULTURAL RECONSIDERATION OF THE RAPE-PHENONMENON

2020 ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Edor J Edor
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Rape Victim ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Human Community ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Social ◽  
Left Lane

For sundry reasons, every human community is replete with aberrations of varying magnitude. Some aberrations become so through the criminalisation process by society, some other human acts are considered ontologically uncongenial to human nature. Driving on the left lane of the road in Nigeria, for example, is a traffic offence. It is so because Nigerian road traffic experts consider it convenient to keep right while driving, thereby criminalising driving on the left lane of the road. The aberration of driving on the left lane of the road cannot be said to be adorned with ontological colouration. The phenomenon of rape is considered an ontological aberration in this article and repugnant to human nature. Both the victim and the perpetrator of rape are exposed to social and psychological repercussions. Unfortunately, some of the repercussions on the victim of rape are unnecessary, as they are cosmetically imposed by society, and there is no necessary connection between the aberration and the social consequences. Some of the social and psychological consequences of the phenomenon of rape are considered in this work, and it is argued herein that the social consequences imposed on the victim of rape are unnecessary, and that they unnecessarily compound the traumas that the rape-victim suffers. It is, therefore, suggested herein that some cultural perceptions among most Nigerian tribes should be reviewed to ameliorate the repercussions of rape in the rape-victim.

D?r al-?arb as the Motherland? The Muslim Tatars of (the Grand Duchy of) Lithuania and Social Contract

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-177
Author(s):  
Egdūnas Račius
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Grand Duchy

Muslim presence in Lithuania, though already addressed from many angles, has not hitherto been approached from either the perspective of the social contract theories or of the compliance with Muslim jurisprudence. The author argues that through choice of non-Muslim Grand Duchy of Lithuania as their adopted Motherland, Muslim Tatars effectively entered into a unique (yet, from the point of Hanafi fiqh, arguably Islamically valid) social contract with the non-Muslim state and society. The article follows the development of this social contract since its inception in the fourteenth century all the way into the nation-state of Lithuania that emerged in the beginning of the twentieth century and continues until the present. The epitome of the social contract under investigation is the official granting in 1995 to Muslim Tatars of a status of one of the nine traditional faiths in Lithuania with all the ensuing political, legal and social consequences for both the Muslim minority and the state.

A Simple Inter-Industry Model of Pakistan, with an Application to Pakistan's Sixth Five-Year Plan

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 531-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleiman I. Cohen ◽  
Ivo C. Havinga ◽  
Mohammad Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Econometric Model ◽  
Social Accounting Matrix ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Social Accounting ◽  
Output Table ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
Industry Relations ◽  
Current Modelling

The macro-econometric model of Pakistan's economy by Naqvi et al. (3) is the first completed work in a renewed effort to model significant economic and social activities and issues in Pakistan. One of the current modelling efforts in which the authors are participating aims at combining elements from the macro-econometric model, inter-industry relations, factor market relations, and social accounting frameworks. This effort is now made possible by the compilation of the relevant statistics relating to an input-output table and the social accounting matrix ....................................................................................................

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