scholarly journals Communicating clocks shape circadian homeostasis

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6530) ◽  
pp. eabd0951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Koronowski ◽  
Paolo Sassone-Corsi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Circadian Misalignment ◽  
Molecular Oscillator ◽  
Wide System ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Circadian clocks temporally coordinate physiology and align it with geophysical time, which enables diverse life-forms to anticipate daily environmental cycles. In complex organisms, clock function originates from the molecular oscillator within each cell and builds upward anatomically into an organism-wide system. Recent advances have transformed our understanding of how clocks are connected to achieve coherence across tissues. Circadian misalignment, often imposed in modern society, disrupts coordination among clocks and has been linked to diseases ranging from metabolic syndrome to cancer. Thus, uncovering the physiological circuits whereby biological clocks achieve coherence will inform on both challenges and opportunities in human health.

scholarly journals Bot Datasets on Twitter: Analysis and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4105
Author(s):  
Luis Daniel Samper-Escalante ◽  
Octavio Loyola-González ◽  
Raúl Monroy ◽  
Miguel Angel Medina-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Online News ◽  
Social Networking Service ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Twitter Analysis ◽  
Radar Chart ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Bot Detection

The reach and influence of social networks over modern society and its functioning have created new challenges and opportunities to prevent the misuse or tampering of such powerful tools of social interaction. Twitter, a social networking service that specializes in online news and information exchange involving billions of users world-wide, has been infested by bots for several years. In this paper, we analyze both public and private databases from the literature of bot detection on Twitter. We summarize their advantages, disadvantages, and differences, recommending which is more suitable to work with depending on the necessities of the researcher. From this analysis, we present five distinct behaviors in automated accounts exhibited across all the bot datasets analyzed from these databases. We measure their level of presence in each dataset using a radar chart for visual comparison. Finally, we identify four challenges that researchers of bot detection on Twitter have to face when using these databases from the literature.

scholarly journals A circadian clock in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 2043-2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Eelderink-Chen ◽  
Gabriella Mazzotta ◽  
Marcel Sturre ◽  
Jasper Bosman ◽  
Till Roenneberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Fundamental Biological Process ◽  
Free Running ◽  
And Behavior

Circadian timing is a fundamental biological process, underlying cellular physiology in animals, plants, fungi, and cyanobacteria. Circadian clocks organize gene expression, metabolism, and behavior such that they occur at specific times of day. The biological clocks that orchestrate these daily changes confer a survival advantage and dominate daily behavior, for example, waking us in the morning and helping us to sleep at night. The molecular mechanism of circadian clocks has been sketched out in genetic model systems from prokaryotes to humans, revealing a combination of transcriptional and posttranscriptional pathways, but the clock mechanism is far from solved. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is among the most powerful genetic experimental systems and, as such, could greatly contribute to our understanding of cellular timing, it still remains absent from the repertoire of circadian model organisms. Here, we use continuous cultures of yeast, establishing conditions that reveal characteristic clock properties similar to those described in other species. Our results show that metabolism in yeast shows systematic circadian entrainment, responding to cycle length and zeitgeber (stimulus) strength, and a (heavily damped) free running rhythm. Furthermore, the clock is obvious in a standard, haploid, auxotrophic strain, opening the door for rapid progress into cellular clock mechanisms.

scholarly journals ADVANCES IN PRESERVATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES WITH BIOACTIVE COATINGS

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ROMEO ROJAS ◽  
ANTONIO A. VICENTE ◽  
CRISTÓBAL N. AGUILAR
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Bioactive Coatings ◽  
Food Engineering ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Continue Research

Bioactive compounds are a large group of compounds (antimicrobials, antioxidants, nutrients, etc.), but its use in edible films and coatings for application on fruits and vegetables has been very important because nowadays the consumers demand fruits and vegetables that are fresh, healthy, high quality and easy to prepare. A number of investigations have shown that the use of additives in edible films and coatings improve its functionability and provide compounds for human health. However, it is necessary to continue research that can generate specific or tailor-made edible films and coatings for each product with the best characteristics for preservation. In this review we present and analyze the concepts, progress and perspectives in the design and application of edible films and coatings for fruits and vegetables in order to define the challenges and opportunities that this topic of study in the field of science, technology and food engineering.

We Need to Address the Underlying Ecological Determinants of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The probability of zoonoses, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), emerging is strongly related to remediable factors such as habitat encroachment and trade in wild animals. Tackling these underlying determinants is important to prevent future pandemics from the approximately 700,000 viruses with the potential to cause zoonoses. Reversing habitat destruction is also vital to halt the accelerating rate of extinction of a wide array of life forms - with all the adverse consequences these extinctions will have for human health. These insights depend on viewing health and disease from within an ecological theoretical framework. We therefore argue that preventing future zoonotic outbreaks as well as dealing with a range of contemporary health issues would be facilitated by grounding our health sciences in more a more explicitly ecological conceptual framework.

scholarly journals Oceans and Human Health: A rising tide of challenges and opportunities for Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Fleming ◽  
N. McDonough ◽  
M. Austen ◽  
L. Mee ◽  
M. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

scholarly journals Climate change: essential knowledge for developing holistic solutions to our climate crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Maslin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Essential Knowledge ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
Individual Human

Abstract Understanding anthropogenic climate change is essential for anyone working in the life sciences. Firstly because climate change has already started to impact the Earth biosphere and human health and these changes need to be documented and acknowledged. Secondly, many of the solutions to climate change, both mitigation and adaptation, will be through the life sciences, everything from massive reforestation and sustainable agriculture to preventing the spread of disease and protecting individual human health. Anthropogenic climate change is, therefore, one of the defining challenges of the 21st century, along with poverty alleviation, environmental degradation and global security. Climate change is no longer just a scientific concern but encompasses economics, sociology, geopolitics, national and local politics, law and health to name a few. Hence, to understand climate change fully then not only does one have to review the science but also the politics and geopolitics, which have created the issue and can provide the solutions. Climate change ultimately makes us examine the whole basis of modern society and ultimately asks questions about humanity's relationship with the rest of the planet.

scholarly journals Cultura andina en la narrativa de la modernización de la Lima criolla

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Roberto Reyes Tarazona
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
Julio Ramon Ribeyro

ResumenEl significativo crecimiento demográfico de Lima a partir de los años cincuenta tiene como base el desplazamiento de un número creciente de inmigrantes de la región andina hacia ella, principalmente de origen campesino. En las primeras oleadas, los limeños de toda condición social ponían desde reparos hasta rechazo a la presencia de estos inmigrantes, con escasa o nula experiencia urbana y arraigadas prácticas culturales originarias. Esto sucede en el contexto de favorables cambios en la economía y la aspiración a copiar formas de vida propios de una sociedad moderna. El impacto social y cultural en una ciudad en tránsito a la modernización va a ser el motivo de historias plasmadas en los cuentos y novelas de los escritores de esos años, principalmente de Enrique Congrains. A su obra, representativa de este fenómeno, se suman personajes e historias en la obra de Julián Huanay y Julio Ramón Ribeyro,entre otros. Palabras clave: ciudad criolla, migrantes andinos, experiencia urbana, cultura originaria. AbstractThe significant population growth of Lima from the 1950s is based on the displacement of an increasing number of immigrants from the Andean region towards the capital, mainly from a peasant population. In the first waves, people from Lima of all social status made everything from qualms to rejection to the presence of these immigrants, with little or no urban experience and ingrained original cultural practices. This happens in the context of favorable changes in the economy and the aspiration to reproduce life forms typical of a modern society. The social and cultural impact in a city in the transition to modernization will be the reason for stories embodied in the tales and novels of the writers of those years, mainly Enrique Congrains. To his work, which is representative of this phenomenon, are added characters and stories in the work of Julián Huanay and Julio Ramón Ribeyro, among others. Keywords: Creole city, Andean migrants, urban experience, native culture.

scholarly journals The interplay between stress, circadian clocks, and energy metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. R13-R25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Oster
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Stress Response System ◽  
And Behavior

Endogenous circadian clocks adapt an organism’s physiology and behavior to predictable changes in the environment as a consequence of the Earth’s rotation around its axis. In mammals, circadian rhythms are the output of a ubiquitous network of cellular timers coordinated by a hypothalamic master pacemaker. Circadian clock function is closely connected to the stress response system which has evolved to ensure survival under less predictable situations of danger. Disruptions in both of these functions are highly prevalent in modern society and have been linked to pathologic alterations in metabolic setpoints, promoting overeating, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. This paper describes the different levels of interaction between the circadian clock and acute and chronic stress responses. It summarizes studies assessing clock-stress crosstalk in the context of metabolic homeostasis and outlines options to use this interaction for diagnostic and therapeutic measures targeting metabolic health and well-being in the highly chronodisruptive environment of modern 24-h globalized societies.

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