scholarly journals Efficacy of the De Novo-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide WLBU2 against Oral Bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1837-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen F. Novak ◽  
William J. Diamond ◽  
Sreenatha Kirakodu ◽  
Rebecca Peyyala ◽  
Kimberly W. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Oral Microorganisms

ABSTRACT The efficacy of a novel synthetic antimicrobial peptide (WLBU2) was evaluated against three oral microorganisms (grown planktonically): Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. WLBU2 killed all three species, with F. nucleatum being the most susceptible. WLBU2 also reduced the bacterial burden of S. gordonii and F. nucleatum biofilms.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum Altered Bacterial Transcriptional Profiling and Attenuated the Immune Responses of Macrophages

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingjun Liu ◽  
Ruiqi Yang ◽  
Jiani Zhou ◽  
Xianjun Lu ◽  
Zijian Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis ◽  
Bacterial Pathogenicity ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Physical Interactions

Interspecies coaggregation promotes transcriptional changes in oral bacteria, affecting bacterial pathogenicity. Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) are common oral inhabitants. The present study investigated the transcriptional profiling of S. gordonii and F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum in response to the dual-species coaggregation using RNA-seq. Macrophages were infected with both species to explore the influence of bacterial coaggregation on both species’ abilities to survive within macrophages and induce inflammatory responses. Results indicated that, after the 30-min dual-species coaggregation, 116 genes were significantly up-regulated, and 151 genes were significantly down-regulated in S. gordonii; 97 genes were significantly down-regulated, and 114 genes were significantly up-regulated in F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum. Multiple S. gordonii genes were involved in the biosynthesis and export of cell-wall proteins and carbohydrate metabolism. F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum genes were mostly associated with translation and protein export. The coaggregation led to decreased expression levels of genes associated with lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Coaggregation between S. gordonii and F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum significantly promoted both species’ intracellular survival within macrophages and attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. Physical interactions between these two species promoted a symbiotic lifestyle and repressed macrophage’s killing and pro-inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Effects of Hangeshashinto on Growth of Oral Microorganisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruka Fukamachi ◽  
Chinami Matsumoto ◽  
Yuji Omiya ◽  
Takafumi Arimoto ◽  
Hirobumi Morisaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Prevotella Melaninogenica ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Periodontopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Oral Microorganisms

Oral mucositis (OM) in cancer patients induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy has a significant impact on quality of life, and causes considerable morbidity. Oral microorganisms are likely to intensify the inflammatory process and aggravate the formation of ulcers. Hangeshashinto (HST), a Japanese kampo medicine, has been reported to be effective when used as a gargle for the treatment of OM. To clarify the effects of HST on oral microorganisms, we assessed its antimicrobial activity against 27 microbial species, including 19 oral bacteria and one fungus. HST extract inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, includingFusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melaninogenica, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola,andPorphyromonas asaccharolytica,though inhibitory effects were less pronounced for Gram-positive bacteria and the fungal strain. We then investigated the effects of antibacterial activities on 15 purified ingredients of HST and determined that baicalein, berberine, coptisine,[6]-shogaol, and homogentisic acid actively inhibited the growth of these bacteria. These findings showed that HST inhibits the growth of specific Gram-negative periodontopathogenic bacteria, which are significant pathogens in OM, without disturbing the normal oral flora. Our data suggest that HST may be a useful treatment for OM in patients undergoing anticancer treatment.

Fretibacterium fastidiosum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_2) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia R. Vartoukian ◽  
Julia Downes ◽  
Richard M. Palmer ◽  
William G. Wade
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acids ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Peptone Yeast Extract Glucose

SGP1T, a strain belonging to a lineage of the phylum Synergistetes with no previously cultivated representatives was subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests. For good growth the strain was dependent on co-culture with, or extracts from, selected other oral bacteria. Cells of strain SGP1T were asaccharolytic and major amounts of acetic acid and moderate amounts of propionic acid were produced as end products of metabolism in peptone-yeast extract-glucose broth supplemented with a filtered cell sonicate of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586T (25 %, v/v). Hydrogen sulphide was produced and gelatin was weakly hydrolysed. The major cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 0 and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain SGP1T was 63 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length 16S rRNA gene showed that strain SGP1T represented a novel group within the phylum Synergistetes . A novel species in a new genus, Fretibacterium fastidiosum gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Fretibacterium fastidiosum is SGP1T ( = DSM 25557T = JCM 16858T).

scholarly journals Effect of S-PRG Eluate on Biofilm Formation and Enzyme Activity of Oral Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yoneda ◽  
Nao Suzuki ◽  
Yosuke Masuo ◽  
Akie Fujimoto ◽  
Kosaku Iha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Gelatin Film ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Substrate Hydrolysis ◽  
Adherence Ability

Recently, the antibacterial activity of a composite resin containing prereacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler was revealed. We examined the effect of an S-PRG eluate on various biologic activities ofStreptococcus mutansandPorphyromonas gingivalis. Adherence ability ofS. mutanswas evaluated by microtiter plate assay; protease and gelatinase activities ofP. gingivaliswere examined by synthetic substrate hydrolysis and gelatin film spot assay, respectively. Coaggregation ofP. gingivaliswithFusobacterium nucleatumwas also examined. S-PRG eluate was found to suppress streptococcal adherence. S-PRG eluate inhibited the protease and gelatinase activities ofP. gingivalisand the coaggregation betweenP. gingivalisandF. nucleatum. These results indicate that S-PRG eluate suppresses streptococcal adherence and inhibits the protease and coaggregation activities ofP. gingivalis. These findings may prompt research into novel strategies for preventing caries and periodontitis.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Behavior of Ti6Al4V Alloy Used in Dental Implants Immersed in Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum Solutions

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4185
Author(s):  
Myriam A. De la Garza-Ramos ◽  
Francisco H. Estupiñan-Lopez ◽  
Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio ◽  
Lucía G. Beltrán-Novelo ◽  
Patricia Zambrano-Robledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Ti6al4v Alloy ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Ringer’S Lactate ◽  
Titanium Alloy Ti6al4v

The titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, is used in dentistry for dental implants because of its excellent resistance to corrosion and its high biocompatibility. However, periimplantitis is considered the main reason for treatment failure. The Ti6Al4V alloy was used to study the corrosion behavior for dental implant applications, using an experimental arrangement of three electrodes with the bacteria Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum, in addition to Ringer’s lactate as electrolytes, at 37 °C and a pH of 5.6. Their electrochemical behavior was studied by open circuit potential (OCP) and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) according to ASTM G3-14 and ASTM G61-11, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to determine the morphology of the alloy studied. An experimental model, in situ, was established with the bacteria present in an oral environment to understand the electrochemical behavior of the alloy used in dental implants. The greatest corrosion in Ti6Al4V alloy was produced by the medium that contained the bacterium Streptococcus gordonii, which is considered a primary colonizer. In addition, the Ti6Al4V alloy presented uniform corrosion in the three solutions at the different exposure times showing a negative hysteresis in CPP.

scholarly journals Amino Sugars Reshape Interactions between Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus gordonii

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Chen ◽  
Alejandro R. Walker ◽  
Robert A. Burne ◽  
Lin Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Amino Sugars ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Amino sugars, particularly glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), are abundant carbon and nitrogen sources supplied in host secretions and in the diet to the biofilms colonizing the human oral cavity. Evidence is emerging that these amino sugars provide ecological advantages to beneficial commensals over oral pathogens and pathobionts. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus gordonii growing in single-species or dual-species cultures with glucose, GlcN, or GlcNAc as the primary carbohydrate source. Compared to glucose, GlcN caused drastic transcriptomic shifts in each species of bacteria when it was cultured alone. Likewise, cocultivation in the presence of GlcN yielded transcriptomic profiles that were dramatically different from the single-species results from GlcN-grown cells. In contrast, GlcNAc elicited only minor changes in the transcriptome of either organism in single- and dual-species cultures. Interestingly, genes involved in pyruvate metabolism were among the most significantly affected by GlcN in both species, and these changes were consistent with measurements of pyruvate in culture supernatants. Differing from what was found in a previous report, growth of S. mutans alone with GlcN inhibited the expression of multiple operons required for mutacin production. Cocultivation with S. gordonii consistently increased the expression of two manganese transporter operons (slo and mntH) and decreased expression of mutacin genes in S. mutans. Conversely, S. gordonii appeared to be less affected by the presence of S. mutans but did show increases in genes for biosynthetic processes in the cocultures. In conclusion, amino sugars profoundly alter the interactions between pathogenic and commensal streptococci by reprogramming central metabolism. IMPORTANCE Carbohydrate metabolism is central to the development of dental caries. A variety of sugars available to dental microorganisms influence the development of caries by affecting the physiology, ecology, and pathogenic potential of tooth biofilms. Using two well-characterized oral bacteria, one pathogen (Streptococcus mutans) and one commensal (Streptococcus gordonii), in an RNA deep-sequencing analysis, we studied the impact of two abundant amino sugars on bacterial gene expression and interspecies interactions. The results indicated large-scale remodeling of gene expression induced by GlcN in particular, affecting bacterial energy generation, acid production, protein synthesis, and release of antimicrobial molecules. Our study provides novel insights into how amino sugars modify bacterial behavior, information that will be valuable in the design of new technologies to detect and prevent oral infectious diseases.

scholarly journals 4138 Development of an Antibiofilm Resorbable Membrane for Treating Peri-implantitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Zhou Ye ◽  
Joseph R. Rahimi ◽  
Nicholas G. Fischer ◽  
Hooi Pin Chew ◽  
Conrado Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Type I ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Hydrophobic Membrane ◽  
Water Contact

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Peri-implantitis is the inflammation of peri-implant mucosa and subsequent loss of supporting bone. Its treatment is only <40% successful mainly due to persistent bacterial infection. The goal of this project is to increase success rates by developing a robust antibiofilm multi-biomolecular membrane that can be placed around implant surfaces. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A collagen membrane was soaked in the antimicrobial peptide GL13K solution overnight to form an interpenetrating fibrillary network. The nanostructure of the membrane was imaged with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The hydrophobicity of the membrane was analyzed by water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The biodegradability was tested in a 0.01 mg/mL Type I collagenase solution for up to 5 weeks. The antimicrobial activity of the membrane was assessed with Gram-positive oral bacteria Streptococcus gordonii. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by culturing human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), and the osteogenesis was assessed using preosteoblasts MC3T3. Pure collagen membrane was used as the control. Statistical significance (p<0.05) was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD test. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The antimicrobial peptide GL13K self-assembled to short fibrils (< 1 µm long), which entangled with the larger collagen fibers (around 200 nm in diameter). The collagen fibers presented characteristic periodic banding structures, which provided biomimetic cues for cell behavior as extracellular matrix. The interpenetrated GL13K fibrils turned the highly hydrophilic collagen membrane to a hydrophobic membrane (WCA = 135 °) and significantly reduced the rate of degradation by collagenases. The developed membrane was efficient in preventing the attachment of S. gordonii. A large portion of the attached bacteria was killed on the surface of the membrane. The incorporation of GL13K did not affect the cytocompatibility of the membrane for HGF. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We developed an antibiofilm membrane with interpenetrating collagen and antimicrobial peptide fibrils. The strong antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity support its further translational evaluation as scaffolds for increasing success rate in treating peri-implantitis.

scholarly journals New Pyrimidinone-Fused 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives Inhibit the Growth of Drug Resistant Oral Bacteria

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Kyungmin Kim ◽  
Daseul Kim ◽  
Hyunjin Lee ◽  
Tae Hoon Lee ◽  
Ki-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Background: Dental caries is considered to be a preventable disease, and various antimicrobial agents have been developed for the prevention of dental disease. However, many bacteria show resistance to existing agents. Methods/Principal Findings: In this study, four known 1,4-naphthoquinones and newly synthesized 10 pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones, i.e. KHQ 701, 702, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718, were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinomyces viscosus and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized in good yields through a series of chemical reactions from a commercially available 1,4-dihydroxynaphthoic acid. MIC values of KHQ 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718 were 6.25–50 μg/mL against E. faecalis (CCARM 5511), 6.25–25 μg/mL against E. faecium (KACC11954) and S. aureus (CCARM 3506), 1.56–25 μg/mL against S. epidermidis (KACC 13234), 3.125–100 μg/mL against S. mutans (KACC16833), 1.56–100 μg/mL against S. sobrinus (KCTC5809) and P. gingivalis (KCTC 5352), 3.125–50 μg/mL against A. viscosus (KCTC 9146) and 3.125–12.5 μg/mL against F. nucleatum (KCTC 2640) with a broth microdilution assay. A disk diffusion assay with KHQ derivatives also exhibited strong susceptibility with inhibition zones of 0.96 to 1.2 cm in size against P. gingivalis. Among the 10 compounds evaluated, KHQ 711, 712, 713, 715, 716 and 717 demonstrated strong antimicrobial activities against the 9 types of pathogenic oral bacteria. A pyrimidin-4-one moiety comprising a phenyl group at the C2 position and a benzyl group at the N3 position appears to be essential for physiological activity. Conclusion/Significance: Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones synthesized from simple starting compounds and four known 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized and showed strong antibacterial activity to the 9 common oral bacteria. These results suggest that these derivatives should be prospective for the treatment of dental diseases caused by oral bacteria, including drug-resistant strains.

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