scholarly journals Countrywide Spread of CTX-M-3 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Microorganisms of the Family Enterobacteriaceae in Poland

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Baraniak ◽  
Janusz Fiett ◽  
Agnieszka Sulikowska ◽  
Waleria Hryniewicz ◽  
Marek Gniadkowski
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
In Vitro Bioassay ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dna Types ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High ◽  
Permeability Alterations

ABSTRACT Eighty-four clinical isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae, recovered from 1998 to 2000 in 15 hospitals in 10 Polish cities, were analyzed. All the isolates produced β-lactamases with pIs of 8.4 and 5.4, and the pI 8.4 enzymes were demonstrated to hydrolyze cefotaxime but not ceftazidime in the in vitro bioassay. PCR analysis and DNA sequencing have revealed that in all cases the pI 8.4 β-lactamase was probably the CTX-M-3 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) variant, which was originally identified in 1996 in Praski Hospital in Warsaw. In the majority of isolates, bla CTX-M-3 genes resided within large conjugative plasmids with similar fingerprints, which, in the context of the high degree of diversity of the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA types of the isolates, suggested that horizontal transfer of plasmids was likely the main mechanism of CTX-M-3 spread. The dissemination of plasmids was probably preceded by the center-to-center transmission of several strains, as indicated by the identification by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of closely related or possibly related Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter freundii isolates in five different hospitals. CTX-M-3-producing organisms revealed a very high degree of diversity in β-lactam resistance levels and patterns. This was attributed to several factors, such as the production of other β-lactamases including additional ESBLs, possible quantitative variations in CTX-M-3 expression, segregation of AmpC derepressed mutants, and permeability alterations.

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Community and Private Health Care Centers

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 3506-3514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Arpin ◽  
Véronique Dubois ◽  
Laure Coulange ◽  
Catherine André ◽  
Isabelle Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Providencia Stuartii ◽  
Plasmid Dissemination ◽  
Esbl Producers

ABSTRACT In 1999, 39 of 2,599 isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae (1.5%) collected by eight private laboratories in the Aquitaine region in France produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Among these were 19 Enterobacter aerogenes isolates; 8 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates; 6 Escherichia coli isolates; 3 Proteus mirabilis isolates; and 1 isolate each of Serratia marcescens, Morganella morganii, and Providencia stuartii. ESBL producers were isolated from 38 patients, including 33 residents of 11 clinics or nursing homes and 5 ambulatory patients. Seven different ESBLs were characterized. These mainly consisted of TEM-24 (25 isolates) and TEM-21 (9 isolates), but TEM-15 (2 isolates) and TEM-3, TEM-19, SHV-4, and CTX-M-1 (1 isolate each) were also characterized. Seven strains showed the coexistence of different TEM- and/or SHV-encoding genes, including a new SHV-1 variant, SHV-44, defined by the substitution R205L previously reported for SHV-3 in association with S238G. The epidemiology of the ESBL producers was investigated by random amplification of polymorphic DNA, typing by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR, analysis of resistance cotransferred with the ESBL, and analysis of the restriction profiles of the ESBL-encoding plasmids. Of the TEM-24-expressing strains, 18 were E. aerogenes isolates, including 9 from the same clinic, that were representatives of the epidemic clone disseminating in France. Of the TEM-21-producing strains that belonged to different species of the family Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis), 8 were isolated in the same nursing home. Outbreaks due to strain and/or plasmid dissemination in these clinic and nursing home were demonstrated. The presence of ESBL producers in five ambulatory patients probably resulted from nosocomial acquisition. Our data highlight the serious need to monitor patients for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in general practice.

Libyan family with beta-thalassemia trait associated with hypercholesterolemia with widespread xanthomas.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2385-2386
Author(s):  
D S Sheriff ◽  
M el Fakhri
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phospholipid Ratio ◽  
Thalassemia Trait ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

Abstract We describe a Libyan family with beta-thalassemia trait associated with unusually high concentrations of hemoglobin A2 and hypercholesterolemia. The family consists of the father, mother, and three sons. The marriage was consanguineous. The concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were very high in two sons who also had widespread xanthomas. The erythrocyte membranes showed a high cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, with no significant susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in vitro.

Concordance of local and central laboratory hormone and HER2 receptor status in ECOG 2197

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21022-21022 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Badve ◽  
F. L. Baehner ◽  
R. Gray ◽  
B. Childs ◽  
T. Maddala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Her2 Receptor ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Local Laboratory

21022 Background: Central and local laboratory concordance for hormone and HER2 receptor measurement is of national interest. This study compares ER/PR/HER2 by local laboratories using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and central laboratories (IHC & quantitative RT-PCR). Methods: Of 2952 patients in E2197, a case-cohort sample of 776 patients who either did (N=179) or did not recur was studied. Central IHC for ER/PR/HER2 was performed using single 0.6 mm microarrays; Allred score (AS) was used for ER/PR (AS>2 = positive). Positive HER2 was 3+ staining in >10% cells for Central IHC and 2+ or 3+ for Local IHC. RT-PCR analysis by Oncotype DX™ for ER/PR/HER2 was performed using pre-defined cutoffs of 6.5, 5.5 and 11.5 units, respectively. Hormone receptor (HR) pos was defined as ER &/or PR pos. Results: Results from Local IHC (ER/PR in 776 & HER2 in 517 pts) were compared with Central IHC (760 pts) and RT-PCR results (776 pts). The discordance between HR positivity by Local IHC and RT-PCR was very low. However, 12% of HR neg pts by Local IHC (38/321) & Central IHC (39/326) were HR pos by RT-PCR. The relationship between ER and recurrence as a function of AS was examined. Patients with AS of 3–4 were found to be closer to the AS=2 group than to the AS>4 group Patients with AS of 3–4 were found to be closer to the AS ÿ 2 group than to the AS > 4 group (Est.HR for ER 0.97 for AS 3–4 vs. 0–2 and 0.46 for AS 5–8 vs. 0–2, and for PR were 0.84 for AS 3–4 vs. 0–2 and 0.41 for AS 5–8 vs. 0–2). Conclusions: There is a high degree of overall concordance among Local IHC, Central IHC, and Central RT-PCR for ER and PR. The degree of concordance is even greater for HR compared to ER or PR alone. Although the concordance with local labs for HER2 testing was poor, the concordance between Central IHC and RT-PCR was very high. The relatively high incidence (12%) of IHC HR neg pts who are HR pos by RT- PCR is notable. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Genetic variation and recombination in Aichi virus

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1226-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Lukashev ◽  
Jan Felix Drexler ◽  
Ilya S. Belalov ◽  
Monika Eschbach-Bludau ◽  
Sigrid Baumgarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aichi Virus ◽  
Sequence Scrambling ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Cpg Dinucleotide ◽  
Effective Number Of Codons ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Genome Scale ◽  
Very High

Aichi virus (AiV), a member of the genus Kobuvirus in the family Picornaviridae, causes gastroenteritis in humans. It was noted that AiV differs from other picornaviruses in its unusually high C content and a very high degree of genome-ordered RNA secondary structures. However, the genetic variability and mutational restrictions on a full-genome scale have not been studied. In addition to the available five complete AiV genomes, we determined here another five complete coding sequences of AiV sampled in Germany, 2004. Distinctive AiV genetic features included a low incidence of recombination along the genome without obvious hotspots or spared regions and very low rates of synonymous and non-synonymous variation, supporting an absence of AiV serotypes. In addition, the absence of recombination between AiV genotypes A and B suggested the existence of reproductive isolation between taxonomic units below the species level. In contrast to most other picornaviruses, AiV genomes strongly avoided the UpA dinucleotide, while there was no obvious selection against the CpG dinucleotide. AiV genomes also appeared to contain a codon usage bias (CUB) apparent as an effective number of codons of 39.5, which was amongst the most extreme among RNA viruses. A set of sequence scrambling algorithms was developed to determine the origin of CUB in AiV. While in most picornaviruses the genomic dinucleotide content contributed significantly to CUB, in AiV its extreme nucleotide content, i.e. 57 % third codon position C, was the main driving force behind the apparent CUB.

scholarly journals Evolution of TEM-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Clinical Enterobacteriaceae Strains in Poland

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1872-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Baraniak ◽  
Janusz Fiett ◽  
Agnieszka Mrówka ◽  
Jarosław Walory ◽  
Waleria Hryniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Comparative Sequence ◽  
Fingerprinting Analysis ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Seventeen extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae recovered from 1998 to 2000 in hospitals of five different cities in Poland were analyzed. They expressed several TEM-type ESBLs, TEM-4, TEM-29, TEM-85, TEM-86, TEM-93, and TEM-94. TEM-85 (L21F, R164S, E240K, T265M), TEM-86 (L21F, R164S, A237T, E240K, T265M), TEM-93 (M182T, G238S, E240K), and TEM-94 (L21F, E104K, M182T, G238S, T265M) were identified for the first time. Including the enzymes described earlier, TEM-47, TEM-48, TEM-49, and TEM-68, the group of known ESBLs of the TEM family produced by enterobacteria in Polish hospitals has increased to 10 variants. Comparative sequence analysis of the genes coding for all these β-lactamases revealed a view of their possible evolution, which, apart from the gradual acquisition of various mutations, could also have involved recombination events. Two different bla TEM-1 gene alleles were precursors of the ESBL genes: bla TEM-1A, which was the ancestor of bla TEM-93, and bla TEM-1F, from which all the remaining genes originated. The evolution of the bla TEM-1F-related genes most probably consisted of three major separate lineages, one of which, including bla TEM-4, bla TEM-47, bla TEM-48, bla TEM-49, bla TEM-68, and bla TEM-94, was highly structured itself and could have been initiated by the bla TEM-25 gene, identified exclusively in France so far. Plasmid fingerprinting analysis revealed a high degree of diversity of plasmids carrying related bla TEM genes, which suggested either the intense diversification or transposition of bla TEM genes between different plasmids or some contribution of convergent evolution. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that the environment of Polish hospitals has been highly favorable for the rapid evolution of ESBLs.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase Genes from Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Healthy Human Carriers in Switzerland

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1609-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Geser ◽  
Roger Stephan ◽  
Bozena M. Korczak ◽  
Lothar Beutin ◽  
Herbert Hächler
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Esbl Producers ◽  
M 14

ABSTRACTIn this study, fecal samples from 586 healthy humans were investigated to determine the occurrence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEnterobacteriaceaein Swiss people. A total of 5.8% of the human fecal samples yielded ESBL producers, and all of the 34 isolated strains wereEscherichia coli. PCR analysis revealed that 14 strains produced CTX-M-15, 10 produced CTX-M-1, 7 strains produced CTX-M-14, and 2 strains produced CTX-M-2 ESBLs. One strain produced SHV-12 ESBL. Of the 34 isolates, 15 produced additional TEM-1 broad-spectrum β-lactamases. By serotyping, a high degree of diversity among the strains was found.

HEAVY METALS IN EDIBLE MUSHROOMS

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAARE KEMP
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

It has been reported that edible mushrooms are able to enrich the concentrations of several heavy metals. The Cd has especially drawn attention due to its high toxicity. By using PIXE analysis for the determination of the heavy metals it is possible to obtain a screening of the content of a wide number of elements. By analysing different species it is shown that one or a few elements may be characteristic for a single species. It is especially remarkable that several species of the family Agaricaceae are enriching Ag to a very high degree (up to 200 ppm).

scholarly journals Direct Visualization of Circulating Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Using Cell Fluorescence during Human Septic Shock-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 3583-3583
Author(s):  
Laure Stiel ◽  
Caroline Mayeur-Rousse ◽  
Julie Helms ◽  
Fehrat Meziani ◽  
Laurent Mauvieux
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High ◽  
Stimulation Of

Septic shock is the most severe form of infection, defined as a subset of sepsis in which circulatory, cellular and metabolic abnormalities are profound and responsible for multiple organ failure and a high mortality-rate. Septic shock is characterized by a broad coagulation activation that can lead to uncontrolled thrombin and fibrin generation, which may evolve to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). DIC increases the risk of death, thus representing a therapeutic target of interest. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of DIC are not fully understood. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) have recently been identified as potential players of the response to infection by releasing their content, including DNA, histones and granules enzymes. These structures, called neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs), form a large net-like structure in which pathogens get trapped. NETs capture invading pathogens, but also represent a pro-coagulant surface at the interface between immunity and thrombosis. During septic shock-induced DIC, neutrophil activation may result in excessive NET formation. In this study, we originally report the presence of circulating NETs in human blood during septic shock-induced DIC using a simple and robust method. Blood samples were obtained from healthy human volunteers (n=3), patients with septic shock without DIC (n=3) and with DIC (n=3). PMNs were immediately purified immediately after sampling using negative immune-magnetic sorting method. 5x104 purified PMNs were subsequently spotted on microscope slides using cytocentrifugation at 35g for 5 minutes, thus preserving cell integrity and morphology. Positive controls for NET formation were obtained using PMNs isolated from healthy volunteers that were stimulated in-vitro with 4 μM ionomycin. PMNs were stained with mouse anti-human FITC anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibody and the blue-fluorescent DAPI nucleic acid stain. NETs were identified as elongated extracellular DAPI stained DNA fibers associated to MPO detected by immunofluorescence microscopy. The degree of NETs formation was blindly quantified into 5 categories according to the proportion of neutrophils forming NETs per microscopic field: absence (0% of neutrophils forming NETs), scarce (1-25%), moderate (26% to 50%), high (50% to 75%) or very high degree of NETS formation (76% to 100%). PMNs from healthy donors stimulated by ionomycin released NETs, evidenced as double-stained DAPI-positive chromatin structures decorated with MPO in the extracellular space using fluorescence microscopy. NET structures similar to those observed after ionomycin stimulation were unambiguously visualized in PMNs from septic shock patients with DIC, but neither in PMNs from septic shock patients without DIC, nor in unstimulated PMNs from healthy donors. DIC patients were stratified into "high" or "very high" degree of NETs formation groups (>75 % of PMNs displaying DNA release), not different from ionomycin-stimulated PMNs (50 to 75%). Conversely, PMNs from patients devoid of DIC as well as unstimulated normal PMNs from healthy volunteers were stratified into "scarce" or "absence" of PMNs forming NET categories. Blind review of May-Giemsa-Grunwald (MGG) stained slides showed the correlation of the detection of NETs with nuclear decondensation and vacuolation of the cytoplasm of PMNs, features that are associated with neutrophil activation. Accordingly, neutrophils' side-fluorescence (NEUT-SFL), a Sysmex™ CBC analyzers parameter previously associated to NETosis (Stiel et al., 2016, Delabranche et al., 2017) was increased during septic shock induced DIC as well as following in-vitro ionomycin stimulation of normal PMNs. In this study, we showed for the first time direct evidence of circulating NETs in peripheral blood of patients with septic shock-induced DIC using immunofluorescence. These NETs are undistinguishable from NETs features observed following in-vitro ionomycin stimulation of normal PMNs. NETs images were furthermore associated with modifications of PMN morphology that could be detected using MGG staining. This observation may be of great interest in order to stratify patients eligible for future treatment protocols with molecules targeting NETs. Figure Disclosures Meziani: STAGO: Research Funding.

The Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea): Their Systematics, Tribal Divisions and Distribution

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1505-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. McE. Kevan ◽  
S. S. Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Subgenus ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Old World Tropics ◽  
North And South ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe Pyrgomorphidae represent a distinctive family of acridoid Orthoptera comprising 127 genera and over 400 species. The systematic history of the group is outlined and its name is discussed. On the basis of external morphology and phallic structures it has been found possible to divide the family into tribes. Most of these have been recognized previously, but several new ones have been erected to accommodate anomalous genera or parts of former tribes that have proved to be heterogeneous. The genera fall into no fewer than 29 tribes and 8 subtribes, which reflect the antiquity of the group; phylogenetic relationships remain rather obscure. An extensive key to the tribes and subtribes (incorporating both external and phallic characters) is given and the genera belonging to each are listed. Diagnoses of three new genera and a new subgenus are appended. Geographical distribution is discussed. The great majority of Pyrgomorphidae are found in the Old World tropics and subtropics, but some are American and a few reach temperate latitudes both north and south. A very high degree of endemism amongst genera is shown by all regions in which the group occurs, except the Palaearctic. The African and Malagasy faunas are the richest, but the group probably originated further east. Madagascar, Australia, the Papuan subregion and C. and S. America all have their own very distinctive tribes and genera. No genera are common to Old and New Worlds. The latter was probably invaded from Asia at least twice. Pyrgomorphidae appear to be comparatively recently incursive into the Palaearctic region. A new Palaearctic fossil genus is proposed.

scholarly journals Plasmid Carriage and ESBL Production among Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi from Some Parts of Adamawa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
M. Sale ◽  
◽  
M. I. Ja'afaru ◽  
S. M. Pukuma
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Effective treatment of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has been hampered by the emergence of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum beta lactamase producing strains thus making the organism an important public health pathogen especially in developing countries. This study was aimed at screening Salmonella ser. Typhi isolates from suspected enteric fever patients for the presence of plasmids as well as ESBL production. Eightyfour (84) Salmonella ser. Typhi isolates were obtained from blood and stool culture giving a prevalence of 17.5%. Results of susceptibility screening revealed that 37.5% of the isolates demonstrated ability to produce extended spectrum beta lactamase in vitro out which 37.5% were isolates from Yola while 40% were isolates recovered from Gombi. Furthermore, 41(48.8 %) of the isolates from this study bore plasmids out of which 25(47.1 %) were from Yola metropolis while 13 (41.9 %) were from Gombi Local Government Area. The most common antibiotic resistant marker borne on the plasmids carried by S. ser. Typhi in the study area was resistance to AmpC Co (20) followed by resistance gene for ceftriaxone 10. Screening of the isolates for extended spectrum beta lactamase activity using the double disk synergy test revealed that 9 isolates namely; Salmonella ser. Typhi isolates GMB1, 6, 13, 26 and Salmonella ser. Typhi YLA 4, 11, 22, 31 and 42 showed positive ESBL activity. The PCR analysis revealed the presence of Blactx gene cluster in 4/25 (16%) of S. Typhi isolates. The detection of some strains with resistance to ceftriaxone as well as the ability to produce the ESBL is an early warning sign indicating the need for more controlled use of this drug in the country, especially in the study area. Keywords: Plasmid, Resistance, ESBL

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