scholarly journals Proliferation of Antibiotic-Producing Bacteria and Concomitant Antibiotic Production as the Basis for the Antibiotic Activity of Jordan's Red Soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2735-2741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph O. Falkinham ◽  
Thomas E. Wall ◽  
Justin R. Tanner ◽  
Khaled Tawaha ◽  
Feras Q. Alali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Red Soils

ABSTRACT Anecdotes, both historical and recent, recount the curing of skin infections, including diaper rash, by using red soils from the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Following inoculation of red soils isolated from geographically separate areas of Jordan, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were rapidly killed. Over the 3-week incubation period, the number of specific types of antibiotic-producing bacteria increased, and high antimicrobial activity (MIC, ∼10 μg/ml) was observed in methanol extracts of the inoculated red soils. Antibiotic-producing microorganisms whose numbers increased during incubation included actinomycetes, Lysobacter spp., and Bacillus spp. The actinomycetes produced actinomycin C2 and actinomycin C3. No myxobacteria or lytic bacteriophages with activity against either M. luteus or S. aureus were detected in either soil before or after inoculation and incubation. Although protozoa and amoebae were detected in the soils, the numbers were low and did not increase over the incubation period. These results suggest that the antibiotic activity of Jordan's red soils is due to the proliferation of antibiotic-producing bacteria.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of a Phage Mixture and a Lactic Acid Bacterium against Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Titze ◽  
Volker Krömker
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacterium ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity

The antimicrobial activity of a phage mixture and a lactic acid bacterium against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine origin was investigated in vitro with regard to possible applications in the therapy of udder inflammation (mastitis) caused by bacterial infections. The S. aureus isolates used for inoculation derived from quarter foremilk samples of mastitis cases. For the examination of the antimicrobial activity, the reduction of the S. aureus germ density was determined [log10 cfu/mL]. The phage mixture consisted of the three obligatory lytic and S. aureus-specific phages STA1.ST29, EB1.ST11 and EB1.ST27 (1:1:1). The selected Lactobacillus plantarum strain with proven antimicrobial properties and the phage mixture were tested against S. aureus in milk, both alone and in combination. The application of the lactic acid bacterium showed only a low reduction ability for a 24 h incubation period. The bacteriophage mixture as well as its combination with the lactic acid bacterium showed high antimicrobial activity against S. aureus for a 24 h incubation period at 37 °C, with only the phage mixture showing significance.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Chaerophyllum Aureum L. (Apiaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislava Lakušić ◽  
Violeta Slavkovska ◽  
Milica Pavlović ◽  
Marina Milenković ◽  
Jelena Antić Stanković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aerial Parts

The essential oils of the aerial parts and fruits of Chaerophyllum aureum L., collected from two mountains in Serbia, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sabinene (18.5-31.6%), p-cymene (7.9-25.4%) and limonene (1.9-10.9%) were characterized as the main constituents. The oils were tested against six bacterial strains and one strain of yeast, Candida albicans. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus, while of the Gram-negative strains, Escherichia coli was the most sensitive.

scholarly journals Novel Flavonoid Glycosides of Quercetin from Leaves and Flowers of Gaiadendron punctatum G.Don. (Violeta de Campo), used by the Saraguro Community in Southern Ecuador, Inhibit α-Glucosidase Enzyme

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4267
Author(s):  
Cedeño ◽  
Espinosa ◽  
Andrade ◽  
Cartuche ◽  
Malagón
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
Southern Ecuador

Gaiadandendron punctatum G.Don. (violeta de campo) is a plant used in traditional medicine by the Saraguro people, an ancient indigenous group that lives in southern Ecuador. From samples collected in the region, six glycoside flavonoids, five with quercetin and one with kaempferol as aglycon, were isolated and characterized from hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves and flowers. Rutin (2) was found in flowers and leaves, nicotiflorin (1) was found in flowers, artabotryside A (3) was found in leaves, and three novel quercetin flavonoid glycosides were isolated, elucidated, and characterized via 1D and 2D NMR experiments (1H, 13C, COSY, DEPT, HMBC, HSQC, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY), acid hydrolysis–derivatization–GC-MS analysis, HPLC-MS, IR, UV, and optical rotation. The new quercetin flavonoid glycosides were named hecpatrin (4) (isolated from leaves), gaiadendrin (5) (isolated from leaves), and puchikrin (6) (isolated from flowers). The hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves presented antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis and the hydroalcoholic extract of the flowers was active against Micrococcus luteus. However, glycoside flavonoids presented scarce antimicrobial activity against bacteria. Hydroalcoholic extracts from leaves and flowers and their secondary metabolites showed inhibition against the α-glucosidase enzyme at different concentrations. Rutin, gaiadendrin, and nicotiflorin showed competitive α-glucosidase inhibition, while hecpatrin presented non-competitive inhibition.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Cyperus rotundus Leaf Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
EO Agbo ◽  
JO Ogenyi ◽  
CA Adah ◽  
CT Agber
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Study Results

Cyperus rotundus, a member of family Cyperaceae is a perennial, stoloniferous herb. The study investigated the secondary metabolites present in the leaf of Cyperus rotundus and antimicrobial activities of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. The qualitative test of the extracts show the presence of steroid only in the hexane extract; flavonoid, cardiac glycoside in both the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts; saponin and tannin and phenolics in just the methanol extract. While alkaloid was present in all the extracts, terpenoid was absent in all. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts were monitored using the agar disk-diffusion method against strains gram-positive bacterial: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, and strains of fungi: Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was monitored at different concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/mL prepared from the stock concentration (100mg/mL) by serial dilution; with standard drugs: ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. The inhibition of the test organisms were concentration dependent. The methanol extract showed significantly higher Inhibition Zone (IZ) and Activity Index (AI) against the microbes at all concentrations compared to the ethyl acetate and hexane extracts due to the much phytochemicals (saponins, tanins, phenols, flavonoids, cardiac glycocides and alkaloids) found present in its extract. The overall study results signify the potential of Cyperus rotundus as a source of therapeutic agents. The methanol extract showed the best activity against both bacterial and fungal pathogens at the highest concentration of 100 mg/mL, especially the most susceptible bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (IZ of 25.0±1.5; AI of 0.96) and Candida albicans (IZ of 25.5±0.5; AI of 0.91). At MIC, MBC and MFC of 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, the plant extracts showed effective bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the test microbes.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CULTURE CONDITIONS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MARINE - DERIVED FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS FLOCCULOSUS 01NT.1.1.5

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-728
Author(s):  
Phan Thi Hoai Trinh ◽  
Ngo Thi Duy Ngoc ◽  
Vo Thi Dieu Trang ◽  
Phi Quyet Tien ◽  
Bui Minh Ly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Initial Ph

The biosynthesis of compounds with antibiotic activity produced by marine fungi, strongly depends on their growth conditions. A good understanding of the role of culture conditions in the biosynthesis of metabolites may lead to better exploitation of microbial metabolites. In this study, the influence of culture conditions including incubation period, initial pH and salinity on antimicrobial activity and secondary metabolites production of marine fungus 01NT.1.1.5 was investigated. This isolate, obtained from sponge Stylissa sp. in Nha Trang Bay, exhibited a broad spectrum of in vitro antimicrobial activity to Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111, Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. According to morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of 28S rDNA, the fungus was identified as Aspergillus flocculosus. The results indicated that antimicrobial activity and metabolite amount were highest when the fungus was cultivated in rice medium with incubation period of 20 days. The optimum salinity of 35 g/L and initial pH of 6.0 were found for the maximum antibiotic production. The colony growth, antimicrobial activity and production of secondary metabolites of the strain A. flocculosus 01NT.1.1.5 varied depending on salt concentrations and initial pH of medium. Particularly, extract of this fungus only showed activity against C. albicans when it was cultured in medium with 30-35 g/L salinity and initial pH 4.0-8.0. The results  indicate that salinity and initial pH along with cultivation period are important factors influencing antimicrobial activity and secondary metabolites of A. flocculosus 01NT.1.1.5, and might be for other marine fungi.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized by Actinomycetes Isolated from Lombok Island Soil Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanti Ratnakomala ◽  
Nurul Fitri Sari ◽  
Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi ◽  
Puspita Lisdiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticle ◽  
Soil Actinomycetes ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Lombok Island

AbstractA total of 98 actinomycetes were isolated from the soil and litter samples collected from the cacao and coffee plantation in Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. These isolates were screened for their antimicrobial activity. Among 98 isolated strains, only 24 isolates showed antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms of which 20.4% were active against Bacillus subtilis BTCC B-612, 14.3% against Staphylococcus aureus BTCC B-611, and 5.1% against Escherichia coli BTCC B-609. Out of these 24 isolates, 3 were found to be able to grow in medium containing 3 mM Selenium oxide of which the culture were changed color to red. Two of the best strains, L-155 and L-156, were selected for assessing production of Selenium nanoparticles. Bioreduction of selenium nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–visible spectrophotometer which showed peak between 300 and 320 nm. Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticle from isolate actinomycetes L-155 and L-156 were found to have a broad spectrum of activity against the tested microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, and Candida albicans. This study showed rapid and eco-friendly synthesis of selenium nanoparticles from soil actinomycetes. Most of these active isolates revealed to possess antibacterial property.

Growth of Selected Bacteria in Processed Human Milks1

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 788-791
Author(s):  
N. SHEWAKRAMANI ◽  
M. O. HANNA ◽  
E. S. ALFORD ◽  
C. VANDERZANT ◽  
C. W. DILL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Sterilized Milk ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Survival and/or growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus sp. 102 and Staphylococcus aureus was studied in raw, frozen, pasteurized or heat-sterilized pooled human skim milks. Growth response of P. fluorescens at 25°C was essentially the same in the untreated and treated milks with an increase in count/ml of 4 log cycles during a 24-h incubation period. Counts (per ml) of S. aureus in raw, pasteurized and frozen milks increased approximately 3 log cycles. Growth of S. aureus in heat-sterilized milk was somewhat less. Micrococcus sp. 102 could not be recovered from raw and frozen milk after incubation at 37°C for 14 and 24 h, respectively. The count (per ml) of this organism in pasteurized milk decreased approximately 2 log cycles during the 24-h incubation period, whereas counts in sterilized milk increased approximately 2 log cycles. In no instance did M. luteus survive in raw, pasteurized or frozen milks at 37°C even for short periods after inoculation. The organism survived in heat-sterilized milk for 14 h at 37°C, but then decreased in numbers until the organism could be recovered from only 1 of 5 pools after 48 h of incubation.

scholarly journals Isolation of rare Genera of actinomycetes — antibiotic producers from soils using Aloe Arborescens juice

2022 ◽  
Vol 66 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
O. N. Sineva
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Aloe Arborescens ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The search for new antibiotics is an urgent problem due to the spread of resistance to existing antibacterial drugs in pathogenic microorganisms. Actinomycetes are producers of a large number of antibiotics used in medicine. Most antibiotics are isolated from actinomycetes of the Streptomyces genus, while rare genera of actinomycetes can be the producers of new antibiotics.The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the biological substances complex present in aloe juice on the growth stimulation of rare genera of actinomycetes.Material and methods. Objects: samples of sod-podzolic soil and chernozem. The standard method of sowing soil suspensions on oat agar and Gause medium No. 2 was used to isolate actinomycetes. Chemotaxonomic properties were determined using the methods of ascending thin-layer chromatography on a cellulose layer. The generic identity of cultures was determined using Bergey’s manual and materials comparing the composition of cell walls of actinobacteria. DNA PCR with standard 27f and 1492r primers, as well as Sanger sequencing, were performed to study genosystematic features. Antibiotic activity was determined against the test microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus ИНА 00985 (FDA 209P), Staphylococcus aureus ИНА 00761 (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus ИНА 00762 (УФ- 2), Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ИНА 01042.Results. A total of 527 actinomycete cultures were isolated from samples of sod-podzolic soil and chernozem with the addition of aloe juice; their phylogenetic position was determined. The dominant actinomycetes in the studied soil samples are the representatives of the genus Streptomyces. Bacteria of the genus Micromonospora take the second place by the number of isolated cultures. Rare genera of actinomycetes have also been identified: Nonomuraea, Streptosporangium, Nocardia, Actinomadura, Actinocorallia, Pseudonocardia, Amycolatopsis, Saccharomonospora, Saccharopolyspora, Promicromonospora, Kribbella. It was determined that the isolated cultures possess antibiotic activity against test microorganisms.Conclusion. It is advisable to use aloe juice after subjecting the leaves to biostimulation to isolate actinomycetes from the soil and identify their biodiversity.

scholarly journals Synthesis antimicrobial and antitumor activities of 2-[5-(2-R-benzyl)thiazol-2-ylimino]thiazolidin-4-ones

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5507-5511
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Potassium Thiocyanate ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity

By the reaction of N-(5-R-benzyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamides with potassium thiocyanate were synthesized 2-[5-(2-R-benzyl)thiazol-2-ylimino]thiazolidin-4-ones. The structures of target compounds 9a-e were confirmed by using NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial and anticancer activity of synthesized compounds was evaluated. The compounds with high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 were identified.

Synthesis of Novel Tetra-Substituted Pyrazole Derivatives from 2,3- Furandione

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Genç ◽  
Volkan Taşdemir ◽  
İsrafil Tozlu ◽  
Erdal Ögün
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Pyrazole Derivatives ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Synthesis of pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid was progressed via two different protocols, one of which is solid state. Pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid was converted into different derivatives such as ester, urea, amide and nitrile. The amide compound was converted to nitrile using SOCl2 and DMF. Solid state heating of carboxylic acid gave decarboxylated product. Cyclization of tetra-substituted pyrazole with hydrazines resulted in pyrazolopyridazinones. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized pyrazole derivatives against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated. One of the pyrazole derivatives which possess nitro group showed antimicrobial activity in only B. cereus, a Gram-positive bacteria, with an MIC of 128 μg/mL.

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