scholarly journals A Complex Signaling Cascade Governs Pristinamycin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces pristinaespiralis

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (19) ◽  
pp. 6621-6636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Mast ◽  
Jamil Guezguez ◽  
Franziska Handel ◽  
Eva Schinko
Keyword(s):  
Response Regulator ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Signaling Cascade ◽  
Regulator Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Streptomyces Pristinaespiralis ◽  
Complex Signaling ◽  
Tetr Repressor ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTPristinamycin production inStreptomyces pristinaespiralisPr11 is tightly regulated by an interplay between different repressors and activators. A γ-butyrolactone receptor gene (spbR), two TetR repressor genes (papR3andpapR5), three SARP (Streptomycesantibioticregulatoryprotein) genes (papR1,papR2, andpapR4), and a response regulator gene (papR6) are carried on the large 210-kb pristinamycin biosynthetic gene region ofStreptomyces pristinaespiralisPr11. A detailed investigation of all pristinamycin regulators revealed insight into a complex signaling cascade, which is responsible for the fine-tuned regulation of pristinamycin production inS. pristinaespiralis.

scholarly journals PapR6, a Putative Atypical Response Regulator, Functions as a Pathway-Specific Activator of Pristinamycin II Biosynthesis in Streptomyces pristinaespiralis

2014 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junling Dun ◽  
Yawei Zhao ◽  
Guosong Zheng ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Lijun Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Regulator ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Streptomyces Pristinaespiralis ◽  
Specific Regulation

There are up to seven regulatory genes in the pristinamycin biosynthetic gene cluster ofStreptomyces pristinaespiralis, which infers a complicated regulation mechanism for pristinamycin production. In this study, we revealed that PapR6, a putative atypical response regulator, acts as a pathway-specific activator of pristinamycin II (PII) biosynthesis. Deletion of thepapR6gene resulted in significantly reduced PII production, and its overexpression led to increased PII formation, compared to that of the parental strain HCCB 10218. However, eitherpapR6deletion or overexpression had very little effect on pristinamycin I (PI) biosynthesis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) demonstrated that PapR6 bound specifically to the upstream region ofsnaF, the first gene of thesnaFE1E2GHIJKoperon, which is likely responsible for providing the precursor isobutyryl-coenzyme A (isobutyryl-CoA) and the intermediate C11αβ-unsaturated thioester for PII biosynthesis. A signature PapR6-binding motif comprising two 4-nucleotide (nt) inverted repeat sequences (5′-GAGG-4 nt-CCTC-3′) was identified. Transcriptional analysis showed that inactivation of thepapR6gene led to markedly decreased expression ofsnaFE1E2GHIJK. Furthermore, we found that a mutant (snaFmu) with base substitutions in the identified PapR6-binding sequence in the genome exhibited the same phenotype as that of the ΔpapR6strain. Therefore, it may be concluded that pathway-specific regulation of PapR6 in PII biosynthesis is possibly exerted via controlling the provision of isobutyryl-CoA as well as the intermediate C11αβ-unsaturated thioester.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of the Novonestmycin-Producing Strain Streptomyces sp. Z26, Isolated from Potato Rhizosphere in Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anina Buchmann ◽  
Carolina Cano-Prieto ◽  
Ahmed Nafis ◽  
Mustapha Barakate ◽  
Mohamed Baz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Insight Into

Streptomyces sp. strain Z26 exhibited antifungal activity and turned out to be a producer of the secondary metabolites novonestmycin A and B. The 6.5-Mb draft genome gives insight into the complete secondary metabolite production capacity and builds the basis to find and locate the biosynthetic gene cluster encoding the novonestmycins.

scholarly journals Candida albicans SRR1 , a Putative Two-Component Response Regulator Gene, Is Required for Stress Adaptation, Morphogenesis, and Virulence

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1370-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirayu Desai ◽  
John Mavrianos ◽  
Neeraj Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Regulator Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Virulence Attenuation ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACT We report here the identification and characterization of a previously uncharacterized, two-component response regulator gene (orf19.5843) from Candida albicans . Because of its apparent functions in stress adaptation, we have named this gene SRR1 ( s tress r esponse r egulator 1). Disruption of SRR1 causes defects in hyphal development, reduced resistance to stress, and severe virulence attenuation in the mouse model of disseminated candidiasis.

Identification of the kinanthraquinone biosynthetic gene cluster by expression of an atypical response regulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-721
Author(s):  
Risa Takao ◽  
Katsuyuki Sakai ◽  
Hiroyuki Koshino ◽  
Hiroyuki Osada ◽  
Shunji Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Bac Library ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Gene Organization ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Streptomyces Sp

ABSTRACT Recent advances in genome sequencing have revealed a variety of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters in actinomycetes. Understanding the biosynthetic mechanism controlling secondary metabolite production is important for utilizing these gene clusters. In this study, we focused on the kinanthraquinone biosynthetic gene cluster, which has not been identified yet in Streptomyces sp. SN-593. Based on chemical structure, 5 type II polyketide synthase gene clusters were listed from the genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. SN-593. Among them, a candidate gene cluster was selected by comparing the gene organization with grincamycin, which is synthesized through an intermediate similar to kinanthraquinone. We initially utilized a BAC library for subcloning the kiq gene cluster, performed heterologous expression in Streptomyces lividans TK23, and identified the production of kinanthraquinone and kinanthraquinone B. We also found that heterologous expression of kiqA, which belongs to the DNA-binding response regulator OmpR family, dramatically enhanced the production of kinanthraquinones.

Rethinking bibliographic utilities for library consortia

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Israel Odede
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Library Consortia ◽  
Individual Ownership ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The paper aims to critically examine the bibliographic utility as a roadmap to increase library consortia and provide an insight into a new library consortia strategy that integrates librarians into a system of sharing both resources and knowledge. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a literature review approach with a focus on bibliographic utility as a necessary prerequisite for effective library consortia, which is a paradigm shift from the concept of individual ownership to a collective access of distributed network resources and knowledge. Findings The reviewed literature indicated that significant bibliographic utilities and integrated library systems are factors that shaped and developed consortia activities in libraries. Originality/value The bibliographic utility has limited literature, and a few published scholarly studies have combined bibliographic utility and library consortia as strategies to share resources and knowledge

Formation of contracts for the international sale of goods under Korean law and the CISG

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-223
Author(s):  
Byung Mun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Sale Of Goods ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
International Sales ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the rules on the formation of contracts under Korean law and the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) in a comparative way and introduce the relevant proposed rules under the Amendment Draft of the Korean Civil Code (KCC). In addition, it attempts to compare and evaluate them in light of the discipline of comparative law. Design/methodology/approach In order to achieve the purposes of the study, it executes a comparative study of the rules as to the formation of contracts of the CISG, Korean law and the Amendment Draft of the KCC. The basic question for this comparative study is placed on whether a solution from one jurisdiction is more logical than the others and to what extent each jurisdiction has responded to protect the reasonable expectations of the parties in the rules as to the formation of contracts. Findings The comparative study finds that most of the rules under the CISG are quite plausible and logical and they are more or less well reflected in the proposals advanced by the KCC amendment committee. On the other hand, the other rules under the CISG which have brought criticisms in terms of their complexity and inconsistent case law invite us their revision or consistent interpretation. The drawbacks of the CISG have also been well responded in the Amendment Draft of the KCC. Nevertheless, it is quite unfortunate that the Amendment Draft of the KCC still has a rule that regards any purported performance with non-material alteration of the terms of an offer as an acceptance. Originality/value This study may provide legal and practical advice to both the seller and the buyer when they enter into a contract for international sales of goods. In addition, it may render us an insight into newly developed or developing rules in this area and show us how they interact with each other. Furthermore, it may be particularly useful in Korea where there is an ongoing discussion for revision of the KCC.

Professionals freaking out: the case of accreditation in Dutch higher education

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everard van Kemenade ◽  
Teun W. Hardjono
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Iso 9000 ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Insight Into

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define what factors cause willingness and/or resistance among lecturers in universities towards external evaluation systems, especially accreditation.Design/methodology/approachA model has been designed to describe possible factors of willingness and/or resistance towards accreditation based on Ajzen and Metselaar. A literature review has been undertaken on the effects of external evaluation like ISO 9000 as well as accreditation systems such as Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology and European Quality Improvement System. A questionnaire has been administered to a group of 63 lecturers from three departments at Fontys University in The Netherlands. The results of this preliminary survey have been presented to 1,500 academics in The Netherlands and Flanders to collect empirical data.FindingsResistance to accreditation can be found in the consequences of accreditation for the work of the lecturer (workload), negative emotions (stress and insecurity); the lack of knowledge and experience (help from specialists is needed); and lack of acceptance (other paradigm).Originality/valueThe paper provides more insight into the difficulties that organizations, especially universities, have to commit their employees to external evaluation. It might be possible to generalize the findings to other professionals in other organizations. Little research in this field has been undertaken so far.

scholarly journals The future of financial markets and regulation: what strategy for Europe?

foresight ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Gossé ◽  
Dominique Plihon
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Realistic Option ◽  
The Future ◽  
Unstable Environment ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – This article aims to provide insight into the future of financial markets and regulation in order to define what would be the best strategy for Europe. Design/methodology/approach – First the authors define the potential changes in financial markets and then the tools available for the regulator to tame them. Finally, they build five scenarios according to the main evolutions observed on the financial markets and on the tools used by the regulator to modify these trends. Findings – Among the five scenarios defined, two present highly unstable features since the regulator refuses to choose between financial opening and independently determining how to regulate finance in order to preserve financial stability. Three of them achieve financial stability. However, they are more or less efficient or feasible. In terms of market efficiency, the multi-polar scenario is the best and the fragmentation scenario is the worst, since gains of integration depend on the size of the new capital market. Regarding sovereignty of regulation, fragmentation is the best scenario and the multi-polar scenario is the worst, because it necessitates coordination at the global level which implies moving further away from respective national preferences. However, the more realistic option seems to be the regionalisation scenario: this level of coordination seems much more realistic than the global one; the market should be of sufficient size to enjoy substantial benefits of integration. Nevertheless, the “European government” might gradually increase the degree of financial integration outside Europe in line with the degree of cooperation with the rest of the world. Originality/value – Foresight studies on financial markets and regulation are quite rare. This may be explained by the difficulty to forecast what will be their evolution in the coming decades, not least because finance is fundamentally unstable. This paper provides a framework to consider what could be the best strategy of regulators in such an unstable environment.

Correlation between sustainability education and engineering students’ attitudes towards sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuok Ho Daniel Tang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Sustainability Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Development Course ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of a sustainable development course on the beliefs, attitudes and intentions of a cohort of engineering students in a university in Miri, Malaysia, towards sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaire survey was conducted among the cohort of students encompassing the three facets mentioned. Findings The respondents expressed low to medium agreement towards all the survey items related to beliefs, attitudes and intentions. A sense of moral obligation towards sustainability is linked to higher sustainability awareness, willingness to safeguard sustainability and a sense of responsibility towards sustainable development. The respondents were generally perceived to have fundamental knowledge of sustainable development. Research limitations/implications This study shows that a sustainable development course called Engineering Sustainable Development offered in a university in Miri, produced positive impacts on the beliefs, attitudes and intentions of the engineering students towards sustainable development. Sustainable development courses are generally instrumental to impart the value and practices of sustainability among university students. Originality/value As limited correlational studies on whether sustainable development courses effectively shape the beliefs and attitudes of students have been previously conducted, this study provides insight into the effectiveness of one of such courses and how the course can be further improved to enhance its effectiveness.

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