scholarly journals Dynamic Response of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 to BP Deepwater Horizon Crude Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (13) ◽  
pp. 4263-4276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Jae Kim ◽  
Ohgew Kweon ◽  
John B. Sutherland ◽  
Hyun-Lee Kim ◽  
Richard C. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Alkane Hydroxylase ◽  
Alkane Degradation ◽  
Initial Oxidation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTWe investigated the response of the hydrocarbon-degradingMycobacterium vanbaaleniiPYR-1 to crude oil from the BP Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill, using substrate depletion, genomic, and proteome analyses.M. vanbaaleniiPYR-1 cultures were incubated with BP DWH crude oil, and proteomes and degradation of alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed at four time points over 30 days. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed a chain length-dependent pattern of alkane degradation, with C12and C13being degraded at the highest rate, although alkanes up to C28were degraded. Whereas phenanthrene and pyrene were completely degraded, a significantly smaller amount of fluoranthene was degraded. Proteome analysis identified 3,948 proteins, with 876 and 1,859 proteins up- and downregulated, respectively. We observed dynamic changes in protein expression during BP crude oil incubation, including transcriptional factors and transporters potentially involved in adaptation to crude oil. The proteome also provided a molecular basis for the metabolism of the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon components in the BP DWH crude oil, which included upregulation of AlkB alkane hydroxylase and an expression pattern of PAH-metabolizing enzymes different from those in previous proteome expression studies of strain PYR-1 incubated with pure or mixed PAHs, particularly the ring-hydroxylating oxygenase (RHO) responsible for the initial oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Based on these results, a comprehensive cellular response ofM. vanbaaleniiPYR-1 to BP crude oil was proposed. This study increases our fundamental understanding of the impact of crude oil on the cellular response of bacteria and provides data needed for development of practical bioremediation applications.

Volatility integration of gold and crude oil prices with the interest rates in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh Rastogi ◽  
Adesh Doifode ◽  
Jagjeevan Kanoujiya ◽  
Satyendra Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Volatility Spillover ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
The Impact

PurposeCrude oil, gold and interest rates are some of the key indicators of the health of domestic as well as global economy. The purpose of the study is to find the shock volatility and price volatility effects of gold and crude oil market on interest rates in India.Design/methodology/approachThis study finds the mutual and directional association of the volatility of gold, crude oil and interest rates in India. The bi-variate GARCH models (Diagonal VEC GARCH and BEKK GARCH) are applied on the sample data of gold price, crude oil price and yield (interest rate) gathered from November 30, 2015 to November 16, 2020 (weekly basis) to investigate the volatility association including the volatility spillover effect in the three markets.FindingsThe main findings of the study focus on having a long-term conditional correlation between gold and interest rates, but there is no evidence of volatility spillover from gold and crude oil on the interest rates. The findings of the study are of great importance especially to the policymakers, as they state that the fluctuations in prices of gold and crude oil do not adversely impact the interest rates in India. Therefore, the fluctuations in prices of gold and crude may generally impact the economy, but it has nothing to do with interest rate in particular. This implies that domestic and foreign investments in the country will not be affected by gold and crude oil that are largely driven by interest rates in the country.Practical implicationsGold and crude oil are two very important commodities that have their importance not only for domestic affairs but also for international business. They veritably influence the economy including forex exchange for any nation. In addition to this, the researchers believe the findings will provide insights to policymakers, stakeholders and investors.Originality/valueGold and crude oil undoubtedly influence the exchange rates but their impact on the interest rates in an economy is not definite and remains ambiguous owing to the mixed findings of the studies. The lack of studies related to the impact of gold and crude oil on the interest rates, despite them being essentials for the health of any economy is the main motivation of this study. This study is novel as it investigates the volatility impact of crude oil and gold on interest rates and contributes to the existing literature with its findings.

scholarly journals Detection of structural regimes and analyzing the impact of crude oil market on Canadian stock market: Markov regime-switching approach

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Mahmoudi ◽  
Hana Ghaneei
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Stock Return ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Markov Switching ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to analyze the impact of the crude oil market on the Toronto Stock Exchange Index (TSX). Design/methodology/approach The focus is on detecting nonlinear relationship based on monthly data from 1970 to 2021 using Markov-switching vector auto regression (VAR) model. Findings The results indicate that TSX return contains two regimes: positive return (Regime 1), when growth rate of stock index is positive; and negative return (Regime 2), when growth rate of stock index is negative. Moreover, Regime 1 is more volatile than Regime 2. The findings also show the crude oil market has a negative effect on the stock market in Regime 1, while it has a positive effect on the stock market in Regime 2. In addition, the authors can see this effect in Regime 1 more significantly in comparison to Regime 2. Furthermore, two-period lag of oil price decreases stock return in Regime 1, while it increases stock return in Regime 2. Originality/value This study aims to address the effect of oil market fluctuation on TSX index using Markov-switching approach and capture the nonlinearities between them. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to assess the effect of the oil market on TSX in different regimes using Markov-switching VAR model. Because Canada is the sixth-largest producer and exporter of oil in the world as well as the TSX as the Canada’s main stock exchange is the tenth-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, this paper’s framework to analyze a nonlinear relationship between oil market and the stock market of Canada helps stock market players like policymakers, institutional investors and private investors to get a better understanding of the real world.

Does crude oil output aid economy boom or curse in Nigeria? An inference from “Dutch disease”

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Oludimu ◽  
Adewale Andrew Alola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
The Impact

PurposeA reflection on some supposed oil exporting states constantly reminds of the (in) validity of the resource curse hypothesis and environmental consequences of oil exploration. In Africa, especially the case of Nigeria, the argument has remained whether the country's voluminous deposit of crude oil has positively affected the livelihood of the people. The study aims to examine the impact of oil production on the income level in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachIn this context, the study first examined validity of Dutch disease in Nigeria, thus providing a foundation to further establish the resource curse hypothesis. As such, the impact of crude oil production (CRUDE), square of crude oil production (CRUDESQ), crude oil reserves (RESERVES) and population (POP) on economic growth over the period of 1980–2018 is examined through the combination of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and canonical cointegration regression (CCR) methods.FindingsWhile the study revealed the existence of Dutch disease in Nigeria, the resource curse hypothesis is also valid. However, the study found that the resource curse hypothesis in Nigeria can be over-turned when the CRUDE attains a certain maximum threshold, i.e. when crude oil output is doubled over time. In addition, either of crude RESERVES or oil rent (RENT) is seen as a limiting factor to economic growth while POP poses a positive and desirable impact on the country's economic development.Originality/valueThus, the implication of a U-shaped relationship between oil production and income level is that Nigeria's natural resources exploration could be employed to over-turn the potential of resource curse hypothesis by increasing exploration while the sources of leakages and misappropriation of the oil revenues are deliberately mitigated. Other useful socio-economic policies were proposed for the Government.

Oil prices, armed conflict and government revenue in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1196-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udoma Johnson Afangideh ◽  
Augustine Ujunwa ◽  
Angela Ifeanyi Ukemenam
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Macroeconomic Fluctuation

Purpose Persistent wave of armed conflicts – militancy and terrorism – and the mono-cultural structure of the Nigerian economy, as well as extensive reliance on revenue from crude oil, highlights how external vulnerabilities, weakening internal structure and insecurity could significantly exacerbate public revenue loss. Understanding the nature, trend and impact of these factors on government revenue is one of the questions that still remain unsolved. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of global oil prices, militancy and terrorism on government revenue in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The study focusses on the state-failure and frustration-aggression hypotheses to explain the nature and trend of armed conflicts in Nigeria. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is used to examine the effect of global oil prices, militancy and terrorism on government revenue. Findings The study reveals that crude oil price, terrorism and militancy have significant negative effect on government revenue in short- and long-run Nigeria. Evidence from the study therefore supports the theory that macroeconomic fluctuation is largely determined by endogenous and exogenous factors in Nigeria. Research limitations/implications In view of this review, future studies should empirically analyse the interactive impact of militancy, terrorism and global oil prices on government expenditure or a combination of government revenue and expenditure. Originality/value The study provides evidence on the role of internal and external factors on macroeconomic fluctuation, and recommended appropriate suite of policies that could mitigate external and internal vulnerabilities, especially during upsurge in armed conflicts.

BIOAVAILABILITY OF SEDIMENT OIL RESIDUES FOUR YEARS FOLLOWING THE MARTINEZ SPILL

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 864-865
Author(s):  
Paul D. Boehm ◽  
Helder J. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Petrogenic Source ◽  
And Control ◽  
Suisun Bay ◽  
Sentinel Organisms

ABSTRACT Transplanted bivalves were used as sentinel organisms to assess bioavailability of San Joaquin Valley (SJV) crude oil residues in impacted sediments four years following the 1988 Shell Martinez Refinery spill in Suisun Bay, California. Sediments, bivalves exposed for three months, and control (unexposed) bivalves were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The study documented a range of weathering stages, and a range of mixtures of SJV crude oil with another petrogenic source, pyrogenic PAHs, and diagenic alkyl PAHs in Peyton Slough intertidal sediments four years following the spill. Less-weathered SJV oil residues remaining in the estuarine sediments were more bioavailable than the intermediate or advanced weathered residues, and more bioavailable than the pyrogenic PAHs that comprise the background PAHs in the Suisun Bay sediments.

Evaluation of skin irritation following weathered crude oil exposure in two mouse strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 788-799
Author(s):  
Jesse M Kemp ◽  
Lerin R Luckett-Chastain ◽  
Kaitlin N Calhoun ◽  
Benjamin Frempah ◽  
Tayler R Schartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Exposed Skin ◽  
Thickness Skin ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Oil Exposure

Petroleum crude oil spills are common and vary in size and scope. Spill response workers throughout the course of remediation are exposed to so-called weathered oil and are known to report diverse health effects, including contact dermatitis. A murine model of repeated exposure to weathered marine crude oil was employed utilizing two strains of mice, C57BL/6 and BALB/c, to investigate the pathology of this irritant and identify the principal hydrocarbon components deposited in skin. Histopathology demonstrated clear signs of irritation in oil-exposed skin from both mouse strains, characterized by prominent epidermal hyperplasia (acanthosis). BALB/c mice exposed to oil demonstrated more pronounced irritation compared with C57BL/6 mice, which was characterized by increased acanthosis as well as increased inflammatory cytokine/chemokine protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL11. A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method was developed for the identification and quantification of 42 aliphatic and EPA priority aromatic hydrocarbons from full thickness skin samples of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice exposed to oil samples. Aromatic hydrocarbons were not detected in skin; however, aliphatic hydrocarbons in skin tended to accumulate with carbon numbers greater than C16. These preliminary data and observations suggest that weathered crude oil is a skin irritant and this may be related to specific hydrocarbon components, although immune phenotype appears to impact skin response as well.

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill and factors associated with depressive symptoms among residents of the Mississippi Gulf Coast

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joohee Lee ◽  
Tim Rehner ◽  
Hwanseok Choi ◽  
Alan Bougere ◽  
Tom Osowski
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to extend prior research on the psychological effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster by developing and testing a conceptual model in which exposure to the oil spill through clean-up activity, physical symptoms, worry about the impact of the oil spill on health, and the disruption of the gulf/ocean-related lifestyle were hypothesized as predictors of depressive symptoms. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis included a randomly selected sample of 354 subjects from the three most Southern Mississippi counties. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to measure depressive symptoms. Findings – Results indicated that physical symptoms since the oil spill were related to depressive symptoms directly and indirectly through worry about the impact of the oil spill on health and the disruption of the gulf/ocean-related lifestyle. Worry about the impact of the oil spill on health was related to depressive symptoms directly and indirectly through the disruption of the gulf/ocean-related lifestyle. Originality/value – Study results highlight that uncertainty and worry about the impact of the disaster played a critical role in understanding the psychological effects of the oil spill disaster, especially among coastal residents whose lifestyles were bound up with the gulf/ocean.

scholarly journals Two Novel Alkane Hydroxylase-Rubredoxin Fusion Genes Isolated from a Dietzia Bacterium and the Functions of Fused Rubredoxin Domains in Long-Chainn-Alkane Degradation

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 7279-7288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Nie ◽  
Jieliang Liang ◽  
Hui Fang ◽  
Yue-Qin Tang ◽  
Xiao-Lei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Alkane Hydroxylase ◽  
Alkane Degradation ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conserved Domain

ABSTRACTTwo alkane hydroxylase-rubredoxin fusion gene homologs (alkW1andalkW2) were cloned from aDietziastrain, designated DQ12-45-1b, which can grow on crude oil andn-alkanes ranging in length from 6 to 40 carbon atoms as sole carbon sources. Both AlkW1 and AlkW2 have an integral-membrane alkane monooxygenase (AlkB) conserved domain and a rubredoxin (Rd) conserved domain which are fused together. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these two AlkB-fused Rd domains formed a novel third cluster with all the Rds from the alkane hydroxylase-rubredoxin fusion gene clusters in Gram-positive bacteria and that this third cluster was distant from the known AlkG1- and AlkG2-type Rds. Expression of thealkW1gene in DQ12-45-1b was induced when cells were grown on C8to C32n-alkanes as sole carbon sources, but expression of thealkW2gene was not detected. Functional heterologous expression in analkBdeletion mutant ofPseudomonas fluorescensKOB2Δ1 suggested thealkW1could restore the growth of KOB2Δ1 on C14and C16n-alkanes and induce faster growth on C18to C32n-alkanes thanalkW1ΔRd, the Rd domain deletion mutant gene ofalkW1, which also caused faster growth than KOB2Δ1 itself. In addition, the artificial fusion of AlkB from the Gram-negativeP. fluorescensCHA0 and the Rds from both Gram-negativeP. fluorescensCHA0 and Gram-positiveDietziasp. DQ12-45-1b significantly increased the degradation of C32alkane compared to that seen with AlkB itself. In conclusion, thealkW1gene cloned fromDietziaspecies encoded an alkane hydroxylase which increased growth on and degradation ofn-alkanes up to C32in length, with its fused rubredoxin domain being necessary to maintain the functions. In addition, the fusion of alkane hydroxylase and rubredoxin genes from both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria can increase the degradation of long-chainn-alkanes (such as C32) in the Gram-negative bacterium.

scholarly journals Effective Removal of Alkanes and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Bacteria from Soil Chronically Exposed to Crude Petroleum Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Afkar ◽  
Aly M. Hafez ◽  
Rashid I.H. Ibrahim ◽  
Munirah Aldayel
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract In this study, two bacterial strains isolated from an oil-contaminated soil, designated as AramcoS2 and AramcoS4 were able to degrade crude oil, long-chain n-alkanes of C10 to C20; (n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, n-tetradecane, n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane, n-octadecane n-nonadecane, and n-eicosane) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including biphenyl, naphthalene, and anthracene. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was conducted to analyze and identify the crude oil residues after biodegradation. AramcoS2 and AramcoS4 were able to reduce the concentration of long-chain n-alkanes of C10-C20 efficiently on average by 77% of the original concentration. Both isolates could also degrade PAHs on average by 67% of the original concentration within 7 and 14 days of incubation at 30ºC, pH=6.8±0.2. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of AramcoS2 and S4 classified these isolates as Actinobacteria; well-known alkanes and PAHs degraders. The nucleotide sequences of AramcoS2 and AramcoS4 were submitted to the GenBank database under the accession numbers MN142506 and MN142551, respectively. Both isolates can be used to restore the environments contaminated with crude oil components. They should be of great practical significance both in bioremediation of soil contaminated with crude oil and bio-treatment of oil spills on surface water.

scholarly journals Geochemical Assessment of the Biodegradation Levels of Some Crude Oils from Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Oraegbunam CI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Diagnostic Ratio ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Saturated And Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Geochemical Assessment

Coastal swamp crude oil samples obtained from Clough creek, Azuzuama and Tebidaba oil fields were analyzed to obtain their biodegradation rankings. The studied samples were fractionated by column chromatography into saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. The saturated hydrocarbons were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Some diagnostic ratios such as C 30 αβhopane/(Pr+Ph), (Pr+Ph)/(nC 17 +nC 18 ) and C 29 αβ 25 norhopane/C 30 αβhopane were used in assessing the biodegradation rankings. Though biodegradation was evident in the studied samples, their individual levels were compared based on these ratios. Assessment of the crude oil samples using C 29 αβ25norhopane/C 30 αβhopane ratio show that the oils from AZU ST and TEB12 are more degraded when compared to oils from WELL 2. Consequently, (Pr+Ph)/ (nC 17 +nC 18) ratios show that TEB 12 is the most degraded while WELL 2 is the least degraded. AZU ST was also shown as the most degraded oil using C 30 αβhopane/(Pr+Ph) diagnostic ratio.

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