scholarly journals Packaging of Campylobacter jejuni into Multilamellar Bodies by the Ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 2783-2790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Trigui ◽  
Valérie E. Paquet ◽  
Steve J. Charette ◽  
Sébastien P. Faucher
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multilamellar Bodies ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Bacterial Gastroenteritis ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuniis the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Transmission to humans occurs through consumption of contaminated food or water. The conditions affecting the persistence ofC. jejuniin the environment are poorly understood. Some protozoa package and excrete bacteria into multilamellar bodies (MLBs). Packaged bacteria are protected from deleterious conditions, which increases their survival. We hypothesized thatC. jejunicould be packaged under aerobic conditions by the amoebaAcanthamoeba castellaniior the ciliateTetrahymena pyriformis, both of which are able to package other pathogenic bacteria.A. castellaniidid not produce MLBs containingC. jejuni. In contrast, when incubated withT. pyriformis,C. jejuniwas ingested, packaged in MLBs, and then expelled into the milieu. The viability of the bacteria inside MLBs was confirmed by microscopic analyses. The kinetics ofC. jejuniculturability showed that packaging increased the survival ofC. jejuniup to 60 h, in contrast to the strong survival defect seen in ciliate-free culture. This study suggests thatT. pyriformismay increase the risk of persistence ofC. jejuniin the environment and its possible transmission between different reservoirs in food and potable water through packaging.

scholarly journals Increased Persistence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in the Presence of Acanthamoeba castellanii

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (21) ◽  
pp. 7640-7646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Douesnard-Malo ◽  
France Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Cultured Bacteria

ABSTRACTSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is the etiological agent of the systemic disease typhoid fever. Transmission occurs via ingestion of contaminated food or water.S. Typhi is specific to humans, and no animal or environmental reservoirs are known. As the free-living amoebaAcanthamoeba castellaniiis an environmental host for many pathogenic bacteria, this study investigates interactions betweenS. Typhi andA. castellaniiby using cocultures. Growth of both organisms was estimated by cell count, viable count, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Results indicate thatS. Typhi can survive at least 3 weeks when grown withA. castellanii, as opposed to less than 10 days when grown as singly cultured bacteria under the same conditions. Interestingly, growth rates of amoebae after 14 days were similar in cocultures or when amoebae were singly cultured, suggesting thatS. Typhi is not cytotoxic toA. castellanii. Bacteria surviving in coculture were not intracellular and did not require a physical contact with amoebae for their survival. These results suggest thatS. Typhi may have a selective advantage when it is associated withA. castellaniiand that amoebae may contribute toS. Typhi persistence in the environment.

scholarly journals Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in the Presence of the Bacterivorous Acanthamoeba castellanii

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (20) ◽  
pp. 6407-6413 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lambrecht ◽  
J. Baré ◽  
I. Van Damme ◽  
W. Bert ◽  
K. Sabbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTFree-living protozoa play an important role in the ecology and epidemiology of human-pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, the interaction betweenYersinia enterocolitica, an important food-borne pathogen, and the free-living amoebaAcanthamoeba castellaniiwas studied. Several cocultivation assays were set up to assess the resistance ofY. enterocoliticatoA. castellaniipredation and the impact of environmental factors and bacterial strain-specific characteristics. Results showed that allY. enterocoliticastrains persist in association withA. castellaniifor at least 14 days, and associations withA. castellaniienhanced survival ofYersiniaunder nutrient-rich conditions at 25°C and under nutrient-poor conditions at 37°C. Amoebae cultivated in the supernatant of oneYersiniastrain showed temperature- and time-dependent permeabilization. Intraprotozoan survival ofY. enterocoliticadepended on nutrient availability and temperature, with up to 2.8 log CFU/ml bacteria displaying intracellular survival at 7°C for at least 4 days in nutrient-rich medium. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to locate theYersiniacells inside the amoebae. AsYersiniaandAcanthamoebashare similar ecological niches, this interaction identifies a role of free-living protozoa in the ecology and epidemiology ofY. enterocolitica.

scholarly journals Specific Discrimination of Three Pathogenic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serotypes bycarB-Based Oligonucleotide Microarray

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwa Hui Shin ◽  
Byeong Hee Hwang ◽  
Jeong Hyun Seo ◽  
Hyung Joon Cha
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Oligonucleotide Microarray ◽  
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase ◽  
Carbamoyl Phosphate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Contaminated Food

ABSTRACTIt is important to rapidly and selectively detect and analyze pathogenicSalmonella entericasubsp.entericain contaminated food to reduce the morbidity and mortality ofSalmonellainfection and to guarantee food safety. In the present work, we developed an oligonucleotide microarray containing duplicate specific capture probes based on thecarBgene, which encodes the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase large subunit, as a competent biomarker evaluated by genetic analysis to selectively and efficiently detect and discriminate threeS. entericasubsp.entericaserotypes: Choleraesuis, Enteritidis, and Typhimurium. Using the developed microarray system, three serotype targets were successfully analyzed in a range as low as 1.6 to 3.1 nM and were specifically discriminated from each other without nonspecific signals. In addition, the constructed microarray did not have cross-reactivity with other common pathogenic bacteria and even enabled the clear discrimination of the targetSalmonellaserotype from a bacterial mixture. Therefore, these results demonstrated that our novelcarB-based oligonucleotide microarray can be used as an effective and specific detection system forS. entericasubsp.entericaserotypes.

scholarly journals Zinc Competition among the Intestinal Microbiota

mBio ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Gielda ◽  
Victor J. DiRita
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Zinc Transporter ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Zinc Binding ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Bioavailable levels of trace metals, such as iron and zinc, for bacterial growth in nature are sufficiently low that most microbes have evolved high-affinity binding and transport systems. The microbe Campylobacter jejuni lives in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, the principal source of human infection. A high-affinity ABC transporter for zinc uptake is required for Campylobacter survival in chicken intestines in the presence of a normal microbiota but not when chickens are raised with a limited microbiota. Mass spectrometric analysis of cecal contents revealed the presence of numerous zinc-binding proteins in conventional chicks compared to the number in limited-microbiota chicks. The presence of a microbiota results in the production of host zinc-binding enzymes, causing a growth restriction for bacteria that lack the high-affinity zinc transporter. Such transporters in a wide range of pathogenic bacteria make them good targets for the development of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. IMPORTANCE Zinc is an essential trace element for the growth of most organisms. Quantities of zinc inside cells are highly regulated, as too little zinc does not support growth, while too much zinc is toxic. Numerous bacterial cells require zinc uptake systems for growth and virulence. The work presented here demonstrates that the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract reduces the quantity of zinc. Without a high-affinity zinc transporter, Campylobacter jejuni, a commensal organism of chickens, is unable to replicate or colonize the gastrointestinal tract. This is the first demonstration of zinc competition between microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of a host. These results could have profound implications in the field of microbial pathogenesis and in our understanding of host metabolism and the microbiota.

scholarly journals Protozoan Cysts Act as a Survival Niche and Protective Shelter for Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
pp. 5604-5612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Lambrecht ◽  
Julie Baré ◽  
Natascha Chavatte ◽  
Wim Bert ◽  
Koen Sabbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACTThe production of cysts, an integral part of the life cycle of many free-living protozoa, allows these organisms to survive adverse environmental conditions. Given the prevalence of free-living protozoa in food-related environments, it is hypothesized that these organisms play an important yet currently underinvestigated role in the epidemiology of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Intracystic bacterial survival is highly relevant, as this would allow bacteria to survive the stringent cleaning and disinfection measures applied in food-related environments. The present study shows that strains of widespread and important foodborne bacteria (Salmonella enterica,Escherichia coli,Yersinia enterocolitica, andListeria monocytogenes) survive inside cysts of the ubiquitous amoebaAcanthamoeba castellanii, even when exposed to either antibiotic treatment (100 μg/ml gentamicin) or highly acidic conditions (pH 0.2) and resume active growth in broth media following excystment. Strain- and species-specific differences in survival periods were observed, withSalmonella entericasurviving up to 3 weeks inside amoebal cysts. Up to 53% of the cysts were infected with pathogenic bacteria, which were located in the cyst cytosol. Our study suggests that the role of free-living protozoa and especially their cysts in the persistence and epidemiology of foodborne bacterial pathogens in food-related environments may be much more important than hitherto assumed.

scholarly journals Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in Waterborne Protozoa

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 5560-5571 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Snelling ◽  
J. P. McKenna ◽  
D. M. Lecky ◽  
J. S. G. Dooley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Planktonic State

ABSTRACT The failure to reduce the Campylobacter contamination of intensively reared poultry may be partially due to Campylobacter resisting disinfection in water after their internalization by waterborne protozoa. Campylobacter jejuni and a variety of waterborne protozoa, including ciliates, flagellates, and alveolates, were detected in the drinking water of intensively reared poultry by a combination of culture and molecular techniques. An in vitro assay showed that C. jejuni remained viable when internalized by Tetrahymena pyriformis and Acanthamoeba castellanii for significantly longer (up to 36 h) than when they were in purely a planktonic state. The internalized Campylobacter were also significantly more resistant to disinfection than planktonic organisms. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that protozoa in broiler drinking water systems can delay the decline of Campylobacter viability and increase Campylobacter disinfection resistance, thus increasing the potential of Campylobacter to colonize broilers.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing in Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1269-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Katrin Llarena ◽  
Eduardo Taboada ◽  
Mirko Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
Bacterial Gastroenteritis

ABSTRACT This review describes the current state of knowledge regarding the application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni , the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. We describe how WGS has increased our understanding of the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of this pathogen and how WGS has the potential to improve surveillance and outbreak detection. We have identified hurdles to the full implementation of WGS in public health settings. Despite these challenges, we think that ample evidence is available to support the benefits of integrating WGS into the routine monitoring of C. jejuni infections and outbreak investigations.

scholarly journals N-Glycosylation of Campylobacter jejuni Surface Proteins Promotes Bacterial Fitness

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1674-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abofu Alemka ◽  
Harald Nothaft ◽  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Christine M. Szymanski
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Viability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacterial Gastroenteritis ◽  
Bacterial Fitness

ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuniis the etiologic agent of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. In contrast, despite heavy colonization,C. jejunimaintains a commensal mode of existence in chickens. The consumption of contaminated chicken products is thought to be the principal mode ofC. jejunitransmission to the human population.C. jejuniharbors a system for N-linked protein glycosylation that has been well characterized and modifies more than 60 periplasmic and membrane-bound proteins. However, the precise role of this modification in the biology ofC. jejuniremains unexplored. We hypothesized that the N-glycans protectC. jejunisurface proteins from the action of gut proteases. TheC. jejuni pglBmutant, deficient in the expression of the oligosaccharyltransferase, exhibited reduced growth in medium supplemented with chicken cecal contents (CCC) compared with that of wild-type (WT) cells. Inactivation of the cecal proteases by heat treatment or with protease inhibitors completely restored bacterial viability and partially rescued bacterial growth. Physiological concentrations of trypsin, but not chymotrypsin, also reducedC. jejuni pglBmutant CFU. Live or dead staining indicated that CCC preferentially influencedC. jejunigrowth as opposed to bacterial viability. We identified multiple chicken cecal proteases by mass fingerprinting. The use of protease inhibitors that target specific classes indicated that both metalloproteases and serine proteases were involved in the attenuated growth of the oligosaccharyltransferase mutant. In conclusion, protein N-linked glycosylation of surface proteins may enhanceC. jejunifitness by protecting bacterial proteins from cleavage due to gut proteases.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of Glucosinolates and Their Degradation Products against Brassica-Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sotelo ◽  
M. Lema ◽  
P. Soengas ◽  
M. E. Cartea ◽  
P. Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects

ABSTRACTGlucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites found inBrassicavegetables that confer on them resistance against pests and diseases. Both GSLs and glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GHPs) have shown positive effects in reducing soil pathogens. Information about theirin vitrobiocide effects is scarce, but previous studies have shown sinigrin GSLs and their associated allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to be soil biocides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biocide effects of 17 GSLs and GHPs and of leaf methanolic extracts of different GSL-enrichedBrassicacrops on suppressingin vitrogrowth of two bacterial (Xanthomonas campestrispv. campestris andPseudomonas syringaepv. maculicola) and two fungal (AlternariabrassicaeandSclerotiniascletoriorum)Brassicapathogens. GSLs, GHPs, and methanolic leaf extracts inhibited the development of the pathogens tested compared to the control, and the effect was dose dependent. Furthermore, the biocide effects of the different compounds studied were dependent on the species and race of the pathogen. These results indicate that GSLs and their GHPs, as well as extracts of differentBrassicaspecies, have potential to inhibit pathogen growth and offer new opportunities to study the use ofBrassicacrops in biofumigation for the control of multiple diseases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy and Spectrum of Phosphorous-Fluorine Co-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Typhimurium, Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shewanella putrefaciens, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
György Schneider ◽  
Bettina Schweitzer ◽  
Anita Steinbach ◽  
Botond Zsombor Pertics ◽  
Alysia Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Co Doped

Contamination of meats and meat products with foodborne pathogenic bacteria raises serious safety issues in the food industry. The antibacterial activities of phosphorous-fluorine co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (PF-TiO2) were investigated against seven foodborne pathogenic bacteria: Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Typhimurium, Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shewanella putrefaciens, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. PF-TiO2 NPs were synthesized hydrothermally at 250 °C for 1, 3, 6 or 12 h, and then tested at three different concentrations (500 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL) for the inactivation of foodborne bacteria under UVA irradiation, daylight exposure or dark conditions. The antibacterial efficacies were compared after 30 min of exposure to light. Distinct differences in the antibacterial activities of the PF-TiO2 NPs, and the susceptibilities of tested foodborne pathogenic bacterium species were found. PF-TiO2/3 h and PF-TiO2/6 h showed the highest antibacterial activity by decreasing the living bacterial cell number from ~106 by ~5 log (L. monocytogenes), ~4 log (EHEC), ~3 log (Y. enterolcolitca, S. putrefaciens) and ~2.5 log (S. aureus), along with complete eradication of C. jejuni and S. Typhimurium. Efficacy of PF-TiO2/1 h and PF-TiO2/12 h NPs was lower, typically causing a ~2–4 log decrease in colony forming units depending on the tested bacterium while the effect of PF-TiO2/0 h was comparable to P25 TiO2, a commercial TiO2 with high photocatalytic activity. Our results show that PF-co-doping of TiO2 NPs enhanced the antibacterial action against foodborne pathogenic bacteria and are potential candidates for use in the food industry as active surface components, potentially contributing to the production of meats that are safe for consumption.

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