scholarly journals Specificity and Prevalence of Natural Bovine Anti-Alpha Galactosyl (Galα1-6Glc or Galα1-6Gal) Antibodies

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawei Ni ◽  
Robert Powell ◽  
Debra D. Turner ◽  
Ian Tizard
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Host Defenses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Antibodies ◽  
Bovine Strain ◽  
Carbohydrate Components

ABSTRACT Immunity against the carbohydrate components of microorganisms mediated by antibodies is an important part of host defenses. Humans and closely related primates, but not other mammals, possess natural anti-Galα1-3Gal antibodies which also, although less avidly, react with melibiose (Galα1-6Glc). Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with melibiose-bovine serum albumin as an antigen, we analyzed bovine anti-alpha galactosyl antibodies with respect to specificity and distribution in individual animals. Inhibition assays showed that melibiose was the strongest inhibitor, followed equally by stachyose (Galα1-6Galα1-6Glcβ1-2Fru) and raffinose (Galα1-6Glcβ1-2Fru) and then by Galβ1-6Gal, Gal, and Galα1-2Gal. Others, including Galα1-3Gal and Galα1-4Gal, only exhibited minor inhibition. Thus, these bovine anti-alpha galactosyl antibodies appeared to preferentially react with Galα1-6Glc or Galα1-6Gal. The distinction of this specificity from that (Galα1-3Gal) of human antibodies was further demonstrated by the poor reaction of bovine serum to the Galα1-3Gal antigen in comparison to human serum. All 27 healthy bovine serum samples of the three age groups (newborn, calf, and adult) tested contained such antibodies with titers increasing with age. The antibodies purified by affinity chromatography using a melibiose-agarose column were mainly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype with a concentration of >23 μg/ml in most samples. IgG1 was found to be the primary antimelibiose IgG isotype in all age groups by isotype-specific ELISA, but a significant increase in IgG2, an isotype more related to innate immunity, was observed in calves and adults, compared to newborns. The purified antibodies reacted with the type II bovine strain ofStreptococcus agalactiae, a common pathogen of bovine mastitis. Thus, these anti-Galα1-6Glc or Galα1-6Gal antibodies in cattle might be involved in defense against microbes bearing this or the related epitopes.

scholarly journals Specificity and Prevalence of Natural Bovine Antimannan Antibodies

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 946-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Srinivasan ◽  
Yawei Ni ◽  
Ian Tizard
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT Immune responses to the carbohydrate components of microorganisms, mediated both by antibodies and by lectins, are an important part of host defense. In the present experiments, the specificity and presence of natural bovine antibodies against mannan, a common fungal antigen, were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), usingSaccharomyces cerevisiae mannan as an antigen. The results showed that all serum samples from animals of three age groups (newborn, calf, and adult) tested contained antimannan antibodies, and the titer of these antibodies increased significantly in adults. However, titers among individual adult cattle differed widely. Inhibition assays showed that yeast mannan was the strongest inhibitor.d-Mannose exhibited only a minor inhibitory effect at high concentrations. This suggests that most of these antibodies recognize an oligosaccharide-based epitope(s) different from those recognized by lectins. Cattle possess three serum C-type lectins (collectins) capable of recognizing mannan in a calcium-dependent manner. Addition of EDTA to the reaction did not reduce antibody binding, suggesting that the binding of these antibodies to mannan was not affected by the presence of collectin. The antibodies purified from either calf or adult serum by mannan-Sepharose affinity chromatography consisted of mainly immunoglobulin G (IgG) and a smaller amount of IgM. IgG1 was shown to be the dominant antimannan IgG isotype by isotype-specific ELISA. Together, these results demonstrate the production of natural antimannan antibodies in cattle in an age-dependent manner. These antibodies might be involved in defending the host against mannan-containing pathogens as a specific line of defense in conjunction with the innate response by lectins.

scholarly journals Detection of avian reovirus antibodies in layer birds of small scale commercial farms in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Atiqul Haque ◽  
Md Mostafizer Rahman ◽  
Mir Rowshan Akter ◽  
Farzana Afroz
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Avian Reovirus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Test Kit

The present study was conducted on layer birds of different age groups to determine specific antibody titer level against avian reovirus (ARV) by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) at Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. This study showed that ARV specific antibody positive cases were 84 out of 90 blood serum samples and the highest antibody titer was 26120 and lowest antibody titer was 288. The total 93.33% sera samples were showed positive result. The study showed that 100% sera sample were positive against ARV at 6 weeks of aged group and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 13917, 4895 and 10269 respectively. On the other hand 88.88% sera sample were positive against ARV at 10 weeks of aged group and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 9779, 288 and 5689.89 respectively. The sera sample collected from 14 weeks of aged group showed 88.88% positive and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 11727, 871 and 5250 respectively. The sera sample collected from 18 weeks of aged group showed 88.88% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 24440, 1234 and 12648.89 respectively. The sera sample collected from 22 weeks of aged group were 100% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 26120, 1752 and 11373.89 respectively. The sera sample collected from 26 weeks of aged group showed 100% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 8566, 1630 and 4327.44 respectively. The sera sample collected from 30 weeks of aged group showed 100% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 13431, 1989 and 5890.56 respectively. The sera sample collected from 40 weeks of aged group showed 77.77% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 14618, 433 and 5103.22 respectively. The sera sample collected from 48 weeks of aged group showed 88.88% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 14553, 957 and 7436.5 respectively. In conclusion it is evident that avian reovirus-specific antibody was successfully detected through commercially available avian reovirus antibody test kit (ELISA kit) and the virus induced a significant antibody titer indicating the affecting virus was absolutely ARV.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 612-621

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin G, A and M Light Chain Ratio in Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á Haraldsson ◽  
C M R Weemaes ◽  
M J H Kock-Jansen ◽  
P B J M v Eck-Arts ◽  
T de Boo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Λ Light Chain

Values for the κ/λ light chain ratio in immunoglobulins G, A and M and the total κ/λ ratio, measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, were evaluated in serum samples from different age groups (114 children, aged from 1 month to 15 years, and 20 adults). The IgG κ/λ ratio decreased in the first 6 months and subsequently increased slowly during childhood towards the adult value of 2·0. The IgM κ/λ ratio increased at a greater rate than IgG κ/λ ratio in the first years of life and thereafter rose slightly throughout childhood to reach an adult value of 1·7. A decreasing IgA κ/λ ratio was found from 1 month of age onwards to an adult value of 1·1. The pattern of total κ/λ ratio was similar to the IgG κ/λ ratio with an adult value of 2·0.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Clinical Presentation of Chikungunya Virus Infection among Febrile Outpatients Seeking Health Care in Mzuzu City, Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flywell Kawonga ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Dylo Pemba ◽  
Leonard Mboera ◽  
Isaac Thom Shawa
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies

Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV. We conducted this study determine the seroprevalence and clinical presentation of Chikungunya infection among outpatients seeking healthcare in Mzuzu City, Malawi. Blood samples were collected from malaria negative and non-septic febrile outpatients with fevers ≥38 °C, for not more than 5 days. The enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to detect anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies and its results were used to determine seroprevalence of Chikungunya. A total of 119 serum samples were tested, of these, 73 (61.3%) tested positive for anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies by ELISA. Laboratory requisition forms were used to capture demographic information such as age, sex, clinical signs and symptoms presented by the enrolled patients. Age groups of 1-9, 10- 19, 20- 29, 30- 39, 40- 49, and ≥50 years had 17.8% (n= 13), 12.3 %,( n=9), 15.1%) (n=11), 19.2%; (n=14), 17.8% (n=13) and 17.8% (n=13) proportion of seroprevalence respectively. Most of the CHIKV infected individuals presented with fever (52.05%), joint pain (45.21%) and abdominal pain (42.67%). The presence of anti- CHIKV IgM antibodies suggest the presence of recent CHIKV infection and therefore accurate laboratory assays are highly recommended for CHIKV diagnosis and appropriate management of febrile patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 antibodies in the population of Belém, Pará, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo B. FREITAS ◽  
Maria Rute FREITAS ◽  
Alexandre C. LINHARES
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
North Brazil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Subjects

Serum samples from 497 children and adults inhabiting two neighbourhoods (Guamá and Terra Firme) in Belém, Pará, North Brazil were screened for the presence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) antibody using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An overall 16.3% prevalence was found for these urban communities. Taken both genders together, prevalence rates of HHV-8 antibody increase gradually, across age-groups, ranging from 12.0% to 33.3%. When seroprevalence is analysed by gender, similar rates are found for female (18.4%) and male (14.0%) individuals. In the former gender group, seroprevalence rates increased from 10.3%, in children <FONT FACE=Symbol>£</FONT> 10 years of age, to 30.0% in adults 41-50 years of age. Conversely, among male subjects, the prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies decreased from 13.3% in children/young adults aged <FONT FACE=Symbol>£</FONT> 10 to 20 years of age to 6.1% in adults aged 21-30 years. From the 31-40 year-old group male onwards, seropositivity rates increased gradually, ranging from 8.3% to 66.7%. A significant difference in seropositivity rates was noted when comparing 21-30 age groups for female and male subjects: 23.3% and 6.1%, respectively (P = 0.03). Geometric mean optical densities were found to increase slightly from the lower to the higher age-groups. Our data suggest that transmission of HHV-8 occurs frequently in the general urban population of Belém, and that prevalence of antibody seems to increase with age.

scholarly journals Evidence of active herpesvirus 6 (variant-A) infection in patients with lymphadenopathy in Belém, Pará, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo B. Freitas ◽  
Maria R. Freitas ◽  
Alexandre C. Linhares
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Herpesvirus 6

A total of 323 patients with lymphadenopathy were selected in Belém, Brazil, between January 1996 and December 2001, and screened for the presence of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) IgM- and- IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). When seroprevalence is analyzed by gender, similar rates are found for female (60.6%) and male (55.7%) individuals. Seventy-seven (23.8%) patients were HHV-6-IgM-and- IgG-positive (IgM+ subgroup), with positivity rates of 29.7% and 17.7% (p = 0.0007) for female- and male individuals, respectively. Sera from a subgroup (n = 120) of these subjects, with high HHV-6 antibody levels (either IgM+ or IgG+ reactivities), were subsequently processed for the presence of HHV-6 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/nested PCR. Active infections (IgM+ and/or IgG+ high levels specific antibodies plus detection of viral DNA) were diagnosed in 20/77 (20.0%) and 8/43 (18.6%); subgroup of the 120 individuals suspected of having HHV-6 suggestive recent infection. All (n = 28) cases of active infection were found to be associated with HHV-6 variant-A (HHV-6A), as detectable by PCR/nested PCR, using variant-specific primer that amplify regions of 195 base pairs (bp) (HHV-6A) and 423 bp (HHV-6B). Rates of HHV-6 DNA detection between female and male patients were similar (p > 0.05) in the IgM+ and IgG+ groups: 20.4% versus 35.7% and 25.0% versus 13.0%, respectively. HHV-6 DNA was detected across < 5 through 41-50-year age-groups for patients whose serum samples were IgM+, with rates ranging from 7.7% (female subjects aged < 5 years) to 80.0% (male, 11-20 years). Among patients whose serological status was IgG+, HHV-6 DNA was detected in < 5, 6-10, 21-30 and > 50 age-groups at rates that ranged from 15.4% (male, < 5 years of age) to 100.0% (female aged 11-20 years). Swelling cervical lymph nodes were the most common sign, accounting for 9 (32.0%) cases in each gender group. Among patients (n = 28) with active infection by HHV-6A variant, duration of symptoms lasted 1-5 days in 35.7% of subjects, whereas in 64.3% of them the disease lasted 6-20 days. Our data suggest that it is worth seeking for HHV-6 infection whenever a patient (infant or adult) presents with lymphadenopathy as a prominent symptom in the course of an acute febrile illness.

scholarly journals Serological Investigation of Akabane Virus Infection in Cattle and Sheep in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Oladimeji Oluwayelu ◽  
Comfort Oluladun Aiki-Raji ◽  
Emmanuel Chibuzor Umeh ◽  
Samat Odunayo Mustapha ◽  
Adebowale Idris Adebiyi
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Akabane Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Akabane virus (AKAV) is recognized as an important pathogen that causes abortions and congenital malformations in ruminants. However, it has not received adequate attention in Nigeria. Therefore, in investigating this disease, serum samples from 184 (abattoir and farm) head of cattle and 184 intensively reared sheep from two states in southwest Nigeria were screened for antibodies against AKAV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An overall seropositivity of 70.1% (129/184) was obtained with antibodies being detectable in 73.8% of abattoir (trade) cattle and 40.0% in farm cattle, while 4.3% (8/184) seropositivity was observed in sheep. All the age groups of cattle tested had seropositive animals, 0-1 year (1/7, 14.3%), 2-3 years (17/34, 50.0%), 4-5 years (92/121, 76.0%), and >5 years (19/22, 86.4%), while in sheep only the age groups of 2-3 and 4-5 years showed seropositivity of 4.1% (4/97) and 8.2% (4/49), respectively. The detection of antibody-positive animals among unvaccinated cattle and sheep provides evidence of AKAV infection in Nigeria. These findings call for continuous monitoring of the disease among ruminants in order to ascertain the actual burden and increase awareness of the disease. This will facilitate early detection and aid the development of appropriate control measures against the disease in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of Human Group C Rotavirus in Japan Based on a Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsutaka Kuzuya ◽  
Ritsushi Fujii ◽  
Masako Hamano ◽  
Ritsuko Ohata ◽  
Hajime Ogura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group C Rotavirus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Okayama Prefecture

ABSTRACT A novel blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BL-ELISA) was developed for detection of antibodies to human group C rotavirus (CHRV). The specificity of the BL-ELISA was confirmed by using animal sera hyperimmunized to group A and group C rotaviruses and paired sera from five patients with acute CHRV gastroenteritis. Furthermore, there was concordance between the BL-ELISA and a neutralization assay for CHRV in 226 (95%) of 238 samples. By using the BL-ELISA, we determined the seroprevalence of CHRV in 704 serum samples obtained from nine different age groups of inhabitants of Okayama Prefecture, Japan, in 1992, 1994, and 1996. As a result, 211 sera (30%) were found to be positive for CHRV antibodies. The seroprevalence gradually increased with age and reached 52.7% in the oldest individuals. A further analysis of the youngest age group suggested that CHRVs predominantly prevail in persons older than 3 years of age in Japan. When comparing the three sampling years, a larger percentage of antibody-positive sera was detected in 1994 than in either 1992 or 1996 in individuals between 6 and 15 years of age, reflecting the occurrence of a CHRV outbreak among children during the winter of 1992 to 1993 that was previously documented. These results indicate that CHRV infections may occur more frequently in spite of the relatively low detection rate of the virus.

scholarly journals Lawsonia intracellularis seroprevalence among the pig farm livestock of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
A. N. Ermolenko ◽  
E. E. Aуshpur ◽  
I. U. Mushtuk ◽  
V. V. Gumeniuk ◽  
V. V. Ukhovskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Test System ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Pig Farms

To study the seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis among the pig livestock of Ukraine. The research was conducted in the laboratories of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of NAAS and in pig farms. Were studied 653 samples of pigs’ serum of different age groups from17 pig farms with breeding stock of 40 456 sows. To study seroprevalence was used a test system for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on monoclonal antibodies bioScreen Ileitis Antibody Test ELISA Svanovir®Lawsonia intracellularis (Boehringer Ingelheim Svanova). Serological tests have provided evidence that the pathogen was circulating in the herd. According to the research results, 46.4% of seropositive animals were found. Seropositive pigs were found in all studied farms, namely – among sows – 74.0%, replacement gilts – 79.6%, growing pigs – 2.5% and fattening pigs – 59.8%. The high level of seroprevalence among replacement gilts and sows of the 1st farrowing indicates the circulation of the pathogen in the herd, as well as the manifestation of morbidity in the fattening group, where was the highest rate of positive serum samples. From the 17 examined farms, only one farm was found where no seropositive animals were detected. According to our observations, proliferative enteropathy in pigs of Ukrainian pig farms has signs of chronic course, especially it is common in pig farms that import replacement gilts from abroad, where antibiotics are prohibited or restricted in donor farms. The results of serological tests allowed us to reconfirm that the spread of the disease is increasing in Ukrainian pig farms. Compared to 2015, the percentage of seropositive animals increased by almost 10%. The typical serological profile for Lawsonia intracellularis which is characteristic of our studied farms allowed us to conclude for which age groups of pigs and for which technological period of raising swine it is necessary to develop and implement measures for treatment and disease prevention. To control the disease, it is highly recommended to conduct constant monitoring of the farm’s well-being against ileitis (send, in addition to faecal samples for PCR testing, also serum for ELISA testing).

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against Anaplasma marginale in cattle from south Mozambique

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Amélia Mucalane Tembue ◽  
Jenevaldo Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Fábio Jorge Moreira da Silva ◽  
Marcus Sandes Pires ◽  
Cristiane Divan Baldani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Epidemiological Monitoring ◽  
Chi Square Test

The current study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to Anaplasma marginale in cattle from Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane provinces, south Mozambique. A total of 809 serum samples from cattle were obtained and tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). The chi-square test at 5% significance was used to assess the association between seroprevalence and the variables gender, age and geographic origin of animals. The overall seropositivity was 76.5% (n = 619) and anti-A. marginale antibodies were detected in 89.1% (n = 156), 68.4% (n = 308) and 84.2% (n = 155) of the animals in the provinces of Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane, respectively. A significant association (p < 0.05) was found with the geographic origin of the animals, while sex had no significant relationship. The frequencies of seropositive in the age groups were 63.2% (n = 72), 80.0% (n = 92), 83.1% (n = 98) and 77.3% (n = 357) for animals <12; >12 and <24; >24 and <36; >36 months, respectively. These results indicate that in southern Mozambique there are areas of enzootic stability to A. marginale. Thus, epidemiological monitoring is required to monitor the immune status of animals in the region.

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