scholarly journals A Limulus Antilipopolysaccharide Factor-Derived Peptide Exhibits a New Immunological Activity with Potential Applicability in Infectious Diseases

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel G. Vallespi ◽  
Luis A. Glaria ◽  
Osvaldo Reyes ◽  
Hilda E. Garay ◽  
Joel Ferrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
No Production ◽  
Human Mononuclear Cells

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that cyclic peptides corresponding to residues 35 to 52 of the Limulus antilipopolysaccharide (anti-LPS) factor (LALF) bind and neutralize LPS-mediated in vitro and in vivo activities. Therapeutic approaches based on agents which bind and neutralize LPS activities are particularly attractive because these substances directly block the primary stimulus for the entire proinflammatory cytokine cascade. Here we describe new activities of the LALF31–52 peptide, other than its LPS binding ability. Surprisingly, supernatants from human mononuclear cells stimulated with the LALF peptide are able to induce in vitro antiviral effects on the Hep-2 cell line mediated by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and IFN-α. Analysis of the effect of LALF31–52 on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nitric oxide (NO) production by LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages revealed that a pretreatment with the peptide decreased LPS-induced TNF production but did not affect NO generation. This indicates that the LALF peptide modifies the LPS-induced response. In a model in mice with peritoneal fulminating sepsis, LALF31–52 protected the mice when administered prophylactically, and this effect is related to reduced systemic TNF-α levels. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory properties of the LALF-derived peptide. These properties widen the spectrum of the therapeutic potential for this LALF-derived peptide and the molecules derived from it. These agents may be useful in the prophylaxis and therapy of viral and bacterial infectious diseases, as well as for septic shock.

scholarly journals Biological and Inflammatory Effects of Antigen 5 from Polybia paulista (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) Venom in Mouse Intraperitoneal Macrophages

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Murilo Luiz Bazon ◽  
Luis Gustavo Romani Fernandes ◽  
Isabela Oliveira Sandrini Assugeni ◽  
Lucas Machado Pinto ◽  
Patrícia Ucelli Simioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
No Production ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Polybia Paulista ◽  
Antigen 5

The social wasp Polybia paulista (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) is highly aggressive, being responsible for many medical occurrences. One of the most allergenic components of this venom is Antigen 5 (Poly p 5). The possible modulation of the in vitro immune response induced by antigen 5 from P. paulista venom, expressed recombinantly (rPoly p 5), on BALB/c mice peritoneal macrophages, activated or not with LPS, was assessed. Here, we analyzed cell viability changes, expression of the phosphorylated form of p65 NF-κB subunit, nitric oxide (NO), proinflammatory cytokines production, and co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86). The results suggest that rPoly p 5 does not affect NO production nor the expression of co-stimulatory molecules in mouse peritoneal macrophages. On the other hand, rPoly p 5 induced an increase in IL-1β production in non-activated macrophages and a reduction in the production of TNF-α and MCP-1 cytokines in activated macrophages. rPoly p 5 decreased the in vitro production of the phosphorylated p65 NF-κB subunit in non-activated macrophages. These findings suggest an essential role of this allergen in the polarization of functional M2 macrophage phenotypes, when analyzed in previously activated macrophages. Further investigations, mainly in in vivo studies, should be conducted to elucidate Polybia paulista Ag5 biological role in the macrophage functional profile modulation.

scholarly journals Interferon (IFN)-α Activation of Human Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vitro and In Vivo for Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Type 2 mRNA and Protein Expression: Possible Relationship of Induced NOS2 to the Anti–Hepatitis C Effects of IFN-α In Vivo

1997 ◽  
Vol 186 (9) ◽  
pp. 1495-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala I. Sharara ◽  
Douglas J. Perkins ◽  
Mary A. Misukonis ◽  
Stanley U. Chan ◽  
Jason A. Dominitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Mononuclear Cell ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
No Production ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase

Although researchers have noted high level activation of rodent mononuclear phagocytes for nitric oxide (NO) synthase type 2 (S2) expression and NO production with a variety of agents such as interferon (IFN) γ and endotoxin, it has been difficult to demonstrate activation of human mononuclear phagocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine if IFN-α serves as an activator in vitro and in vivo in humans. Treatment of normal monocytes or mononuclear cells in vitro with IFN-α caused a dose-dependent increase in monocyte NOS2 activity and NO production, and increased expression of NOS2 protein and mRNA expression. To determine if in vivo administration of IFN-α also modulated NOS2, we studied blood cells from patients with hepatitis C before and after IFN-α therapy. Untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection had levels of NOS activity and NOS2 antigen in freshly isolated mononuclear cells similar to those of healthy subjects, and they expressed minimal or no NOS2 mRNA. However, IFN-α treatment of patients with hepatitis C infection was associated with a significant elevation in mononuclear cell NOS activity, NOS2 antigen content, and NOS2 mRNA content. IFN-α–treated patients had significant decreases in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and plasma hepatitis C mRNA. The degree of IFN-α–enhanced mononuclear cell NOS2 antigen content correlated significantly with the degree of reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Thus, IFN-α treatment of cells in vitro or administration of IFN-α to hepatitis C patients in vivo increases expression of mononuclear cell NOS2 mRNA expression, NOS activity, NOS2 antigen expression, and NO production. Since NO has been reported to have antiviral activity for a variety of viruses, we speculate that induced NO production may be related to the antiviral action(s) of IFN-α in hepatitis C infection.

scholarly journals A narrative review of herbal preparations against RNA viruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eghbal Jasemi ◽  
Saeideh Momtaz ◽  
Reza Ghaffarzadegan ◽  
Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari ◽  
Mohammad Abdollahi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Almost All

Background: Throughout history, the plant kingdom has been a source of medicine in almost all cultures. Nowadays, ensuring the safety, quality, and effectiveness of medicinal herbs and their products has become an essential issue in industrialized and developing countries. Phytochemicals are usually involved in pharmacological actions and are used worldwide for various purposes, including the treatment of infectious diseases. Objectives: Although several therapeutics were designed to control infectious diseases, viral infections are still fatal. Currently, evidence extracted from in vivo, in vitro, and silico studies support the antiviral activity of many herbs scientifically; however, the therapeutic potential of many other herbs is still unknown. Plants and their products may potentially control the propagation of viruses in a variety of conditions. Methods: Data were extracted from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct from 1983-2020. We gathered a list of plant extracts, phytochemicals, and herbal formulations that can inhibit RNA viral infections, mainly those are originated from the coronaviruses family. We also provided an overview of their inhibitory mechanism of actions. Results: Plant families, including Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, and Myrtaceae, contain the highest number of species with anti-coronaviruses activities, respectively. Conclusion: It can be suggested that the combination of these antiviral ingredients with each other, any synthetic compound, or already approved drugs or inhibitors can be a novel approach for antiviral therapies.  

Effect of Peganum Harmala Seeds Extract on Nitric Oxide in U937 Monocytes and Macrophages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Rahmati ◽  
Fatemeh Hajighasemi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
No Production ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background and Aims: Nitric oxide (NO) has an essential role in inflammation and has been related to pathogenesis and the progress of numerous inflammatory-based diseases, including some cancers. Peganum harmala (P. harmala) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of numerous diseases such as several infections. Also, anti-inflammatory effects of P. harmala extracts and its derivatives (harmaline and harmine) by suppressing myeloperoxidase, NO, and other mediators have been demonstrated in vivo. In this study, the effect of P. harmala seeds aqueous extract on NO production in U937 monocytic cells and peritoneal macrophages has been evaluated in vitro. Materials and Methods: U937 and mice peritoneal macrophages were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial institute-1640 with 10% fetal calf serum. Then, the cells at the logarithmic growth phase were incubated with different concentrations of aqueous extract of P. harmala seeds (0.1-1 mg/ml) for 24 hours. Next, NO production was assessed by the Griess method in the culture medium. Results: P. harmala seeds aqueous extract did not significantly affect lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in U937 cells and peritoneal macrophages after 24 hours incubation time compared with untreated control cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of P. harmala may be mediated through NO-independent mechanism(s). However, further studies are warranted to define the P. harmala aqueous extract impact on NO expression in other related normal and cancerous cells.

scholarly journals THE ORIGIN AND KINETICS OF MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES

1968 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph van Furth ◽  
Zanvil A. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Sterile Inflammation

The origin and turnover of efferent populations of mouse mononuclear phagocytes has been described. Mononuclear phagocytes were defined as mononuclear cells which are able to adhere to glass and phagocytize. In vitro labeling studies with thymidine-3H showed that monocytes in the peripheral blood and peritoneal macrophages do not multiply and can be considered end cells in a normal, steady state situation. However, the mononuclear phagocytes of the bone marrow appear to be rapidly dividing cells. This conclusion was supported by in vivo labeling experiments. A peak of labeled mononuclear phagocytes of the bone marrow was found 24 hr after a pulse of thymidine-3H. This was followed, 24 hr later, by a peak of labeled monocytes in the peripheral blood. From these experiments it was concluded that the rapidly dividing mononuclear phagocytes of the bone marrow, called promonocytes, are the progenitor cells of the monocytes. Labeling studies after splenectomy and after X-irradiation excluded other organs as a major source of the monocytes. Peak labeling of both the blood monocyte and peritoneal macrophages occurred at the same time. A rapid entry of monocytes from the blood into the peritoneal cavity was observed, after a sterile inflammation was evoked by an injection of newborn calf serum. These data have led to the conclusion that monocytes give rise to peritoneal macrophages. No indications have been obtained that mononuclear phagocytes originate from lymphocytes. In the normal steady state the monocytes leave the circulation by a random process, with a half-time of 22 hr. The average blood transit time of the monocytes has been calculated to be 32 hr. The turnover rate of peritoneal macrophages was low and estimated at about 0.1% per hour. On the basis of these studies the life history of mouse mononuclear phagocytes was formulated to be: promonocytes in the bone marrow, → monocytes in the peripheral blood, → macrophages in the tissue.

scholarly journals Src Is a Prime Target Inhibited by Celtis choseniana Methanol Extract in Its Anti-Inflammatory Action

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Gyung Kim ◽  
Subin Choi ◽  
Jongsung Lee ◽  
Yo Han Hong ◽  
Deok Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Celtis choseniana is the traditional plant used at Korea as a herbal medicine to ameliorate inflammatory responses. Although Celtis choseniana has been traditionally used as a herbal medicine at Korea, no systemic research has been conducted on its anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, the present study explored an anti-inflammatory effect and its underlying molecular mechanism using Celtis choseniana methanol extract (Cc-ME) in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Cc-ME was evaluated using RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pam3CSK4 (Pam3), or poly(I:C). In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Cc-ME was investigated using acute inflammatory disease mouse models, such as LPS-induced peritonitis and HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis. The molecular mechanism of Cc-ME-mediated anti-inflammatory activity was examined by Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation using whole cell and nuclear fraction prepared from the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and HEK293 cells. Cc-ME inhibited NO production and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages induced by LPS, pam3, or poly(I:C) without cytotoxicity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that Cc-ME contained anti-inflammatory flavonoids quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol. Among those, the content of luteolin, which showed an inhibitory effect on NO production, was highest. Cc-ME suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting Src and interrupting molecular interactions between Src and p85, its downstream kinase. Moreover, Cc-ME ameliorated the morphological finding of peritonitis and gastritis in the mouse disease models. Therefore, these results suggest that Cc-ME exerted in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages and mouse models of acute inflammatory diseases. This anti-inflammatory activity of Cc-ME was dominantly mediated by targeting Src in NF-κB signaling pathway during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.

In vitro assessment of the immunomodulatory effects of multispecies probiotic formulations for management of allergic diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B.M.M. Rutten ◽  
I. Besseling-Van der Vaart ◽  
M. Klein ◽  
S. De Roock ◽  
A. Vlieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Human Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Th2 Cytokine ◽  
Better Than

Modulation of the composition of the intestinal microbiota with probiotics could possibly offer a way of prevention or management of allergic diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the immunomodulating effects of various multispecies probiotic combinations in vitro, as preamble to application in vivo. Multispecies probiotic combinations were formulated and tested for their effects on in vitro cytokine production by human mononuclear cells and were compared to products that already have shown beneficial effects in vivo. All 4 tested combinations of probiotics showed a 40-71% decrease of Th2 cytokine production (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and a variable increase of Th1 (IFN-γ) and Treg cytokine (IL-10) production compared to the medium. A specific probiotic mixture that contained Bifidobacterium breve W25, Bifidobacterium lactis ATCC SD 5219, B. lactis ATCC SD 5220, Lactobacillus plantarum W62, Lactobacillus salivarius W57 and Lactococcus lactis W19 was superior in its stimulating effect on IL-10 production (significant better than the other tested combinations; P=0.001). Modulation of in vitro cytokine production profiles can be used to differentiate between selected probiotic formulations for their immunomodulatory properties. In the future it should be demonstrated whether the immunomodulatory capacities from the multispecies probiotic formulation with the desired profile will be effective in vivo (in adolescents, followed by application in children).

scholarly journals Deacetyl Ganoderic Acid F Inhibits LPS-Induced Neural Inflammation via NF-κB Pathway Both In Vitro and In Vivo

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiya Sheng ◽  
Lele Zhang ◽  
Songsong Wang ◽  
Lele Yang ◽  
Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
No Production ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Ganoderic Acid

Microglia mediated neuronal inflammation has been widely reported to be responsible for neurodegenerative disease. Deacetyl ganoderic acid F (DeGA F) is a triterpenoid isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, which is a famous edible and medicinal mushroom used for treatment of dizziness and insomnia in traditional medicine for a long time. In this study the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of DeGA F against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation both in vitro and in vivo were investigated. On murine microglial cell line BV-2 cells, DeGA F treatment inhibited LPS-triggered NO production and iNOS expression and affected the secretion and mRNA levels of relative inflammatory cytokines. DeGA F inhibited LPS-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway, as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of IKK and IκB and the nuclear translocation of P65. In vivo, DeGA F treatment effectively inhibited NO production in zebrafish embryos. Moreover, DeGA F suppressed the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated mice model. DeGA F reduced inflammatory response by suppressing microglia and astrocytes activation and also suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation in mice brains. Taken together, DeGA F exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory effects and promising therapeutic potential for neural inflammation associated diseases.

scholarly journals Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Activate TLR-2 on Monocytes

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel García-Hernández ◽  
Frank H. Robledo-Ávila ◽  
Violeta D. Álvarez-Jiménez ◽  
Octavio Rodríguez-Cortés ◽  
Isabel Wong-Baeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Activated Monocytes

Dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) transfer specific cell-mediated immune responses from sensitized donors to non-immune recipients. In addition, DLE have several immunomodulatory effects and are used for the treatment of several infectious and non-infectious diseases. Previous studies showed that human DLE obtained from virus-infected leukocytes and bovine DLE decrease the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, in vitro and in vivo. In the present work, we inquire as to whether DLE from uninfected human leukocytes have the ability to regulate cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro. We observed that PBMC from healthy individuals were able to produce TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-10 after stimulation with DLE. Moreover, we identified monocytes as the main cell population that produced TNF-α after DLE stimulation. Interestingly, we found that DLE contain unidentified ligands that activate Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2. Finally, we observed that DLE directly activated monocytes through TLR-2. These results reveal a new biological activity of DLE, and suggest that part of the immunomodulatory properties of DLE could be attributed to TLR-2 activation on monocytes and to the induction of a pro-inflammatory environment that is crucial for control of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Induction of IL-12 Production in Human Peripheral Monocytes byTrypanosoma cruziIs Mediated by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Mucin-Like Glycoproteins and Potentiated by IFN-γand CD40-CD40L Interactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Cristina Jamli Abel ◽  
Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira ◽  
Isabela Cunha Navarro ◽  
Monique Andrade Baron ◽  
Jorge Kalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
No Production ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Similar Action ◽  
Human Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Proinflammatory Responses

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi(T. cruzi), is characterized by immunopathology driven by IFN-γsecreting Th1-like T cells.T. cruzihas a thick coat of mucin-like glycoproteins covering its surface, which plays an important role in parasite invasion and host immunomodulation. It has been extensively described thatT. cruzior its products—like GPI anchors isolated from GPI-anchored mucins from the trypomastigote life cycle stage (tGPI-mucins)—are potent inducers of proinflammatory responses (i.e., cytokines and NO production) by IFN-γprimed murine macrophages. However, little is known about whetherT. cruzior GPI-mucins exert a similar action in human cells. We therefore decided to further investigate thein vitrocytokine production profile from human mononuclear cells from uninfected donors exposed toT. cruzias well as tGPI-mucins. We observed that both livingT. cruzitrypomastigotes and tGPI-mucins are potent inducers of IL-12 by human peripheral blood monocytes and this effect depends on CD40-CD40L interaction and IFN-γ. Our findings suggest that the polarized T1-type cytokine profile seen inT. cruziinfected patients might be a long-term effect of IL-12 production induced by lifelong exposure toT. cruzitGPI-mucins.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document