Distinct and Redundant Roles of the Two MYST Histone Acetyltransferases Esa1 and Sas2 in Cell Growth and Morphogenesis of Candida albicans
ABSTRACTCandida albicansis associated with humans, as both a harmless commensal organism and a pathogen. Adaption to human body temperature is extremely important for its growth and morphogenesis.Saccharomyces cerevisiaeEsa1, a member of the MYST family HATs (histone acetyltransferases) and the catalytic subunit of the NuA4 complex, and its homologues in other eukaryotes have been shown to be essential for cell growth. To investigate the functional roles of two MYST family HATs, Esa1 and Sas2 inC. albicans, we deletedESA1andSAS2in theC. albicansgenome and performed cell growth analyses. Our results demonstrated thatC. albicansEsa1 is not essential for general growth but is essential for filamentous growth. Theesa1/esa1mutant cells exhibited sensitivity to thermal, genotoxic, and oxidative stresses but tolerance to cold, osmotic, and cell wall stresses. In contrast, thesas2/sas2mutant adapted to growth at higher temperatures and promoted filament formation at lower temperatures, resembling the phenotype of aC. albicansstrain overexpressingESA1. Cells with deletions of bothESA1andSAS2were inviable, reflecting the functional redundancy in cell growth.C. albicansEsa1 and Sas2 have distinct and synergistic effects on histone acetylation at H4K5, H4K12, and H4K16. Esa1 contributes mainly to acetylation of H4K5 and H4K12, whereas Sas2 contributes to acetylation of H4K16. Our findings suggest thatC. albicansEsa1 and Sas2 play opposite roles in cell growth and morphogenesis and contribute coordinately to histone acetylation and gene regulation.