scholarly journals Complete Closed Genome Sequences of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serotypes Anatum, Montevideo, Typhimurium, and Newport, Isolated from Beef, Cattle, and Humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayna M. Harhay ◽  
James L. Bono ◽  
Timothy P. L. Smith ◽  
Patricia I. Fields ◽  
Blake A. Dinsmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genome Comparisons ◽  
Virulence Spectrum

Salmonella enterica spp. are a diverse group of bacteria with a wide range of virulence potential. To facilitate genome comparisons across this virulence spectrum, we present eight complete closed genome sequences of four S. enterica serotypes (Anatum, Montevideo, Typhimurium, and Newport), isolated from various cattle samples and from humans.

scholarly journals Developing Equations for Converting Digestible Energy to Metabolizable Energy for Korean Hanwoo Beef Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Ridha Ibidhi ◽  
Rajaraman Bharanidharan ◽  
Jong-Geun Kim ◽  
Woo-Hyeong Hong ◽  
In-Sik Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Wide Range

This study was performed to update and generate prediction equations for converting digestible energy (DE) to metabolizable energy (ME) for Korean Hanwoo beef cattle, taking into consideration the gender (male and female) and body weights (BW above and below 350 kg) of the animals. The data consisted of 141 measurements from respiratory chambers with a wide range of diets and energy intake levels. A simple linear regression of the overall unadjusted data suggested a strong relationship between the DE and ME (Mcal/kg DM): ME = 0.8722 × DE + 0.0016 (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.946, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.107, p < 0.001 for intercept and slope). Mixed-model regression analyses to adjust for the effects of the experiment from which the data were obtained similarly showed a strong linear relationship between the DE and ME (Mcal/kg of DM): ME = 0.9215 × DE − 0.1434 (R2 = 0.999, RMSE = 0.004, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope). The DE was strongly related to the ME for both genders: ME = 0.8621 × DE + 0.0808 (R2 = 0.9600, RMSE = 0.083, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope) and ME = 0.7785 × DE + 0.1546 (R2 = 0.971, RMSE = 0.070, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope) for male and female Hanwoo cattle, respectively. By BW, the simple linear regression similarly showed a strong relationship between the DE and ME for Hanwoo above and below 350 kg BW: ME = 0.9833 × DE − 0.2760 (R2 = 0.991, RMSE = 0.055, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope) and ME = 0.72975 × DE + 0.38744 (R2 = 0.913, RMSE = 0.100, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope), respectively. A multiple regression using the DE and dietary factors as independent variables did not improve the accuracy of the ME prediction (ME = 1.149 × DE − 0.045 × crude protein + 0.011 × neutral detergent fibre − 0.027 × acid detergent fibre + 0.683).

183 Designing Research for Beef Cattle Production in Extensive Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
Sam Wyffels
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Beef Cattle Production

Abstract Designing research for beef cattle production in rangeland environments is an ongoing challenge for researchers worldwide. Specifically, creating study designs that mirror actual production environments yet have enough observations for statistical inference is a challenge that often hinders researchers in efforts to publish their observations. Numerous journals will accept “case study” or observational results that lack valid statistical inference. However, these journals are limited in number and often lack impact. Approaches are available to gain statistical inference by creating multiple observations within a common group of animals. Approaches to increasing statistical observations will be discussed in this presentation. Modeling animal behavior and performance on extensive rangeland landscapes is commonly practiced in wildlife ecology and, more recently, has been published in Animal Science journals. Additionally, new technology has made it possible to apply treatments (e.g., supplementation studies) to individual animals on extensive environments where large, diverse herds/flocks of cattle/sheep are managed as a single group. Use of individual animal identification (EID) and feed intake technology has opened a wide range of research possibilities for beef cattle production systems research in rangeland environments. Likewise, global positioning system (GPS) collars and activity monitors have created the opportunity to evaluate animal grazing behavior in remote and extensive landscapes. The use of multiple regression models to evaluate resource use in extensive environments will, in turn, help managers optimize beef cattle production and the sustainable use of forage/rangeland resources. Embracing new technologies such as GPS, activity monitors, EID tags, and feed intake monitors combined with multiple regression modeling tools will aid in designing and publishing beef cattle production research in extensive rangeland environments.

scholarly journals Virulence and Metabolic Characteristics of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strains with DifferentsefDVariants in Hens

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (18) ◽  
pp. 6405-6412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Morales ◽  
Jean Guard ◽  
Roxana Sanchez-Ingunza ◽  
Devendra H. Shah ◽  
Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolic Properties

ABSTRACTSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis is one of a fewSalmonella entericaserotypes that has SEF14 fimbriae encoded by thesefoperon, which consists of 4 cotranscribed genes,sefABCD, regulated bysefR. A parental strain was used to construct asefDmutant and its complement, and all 3 strains were compared for gene expression, metabolic properties, and virulence characteristics in hens. Transcription ofsefDby wild type was suppressed at 42°C and absent for the mutant under conditions where the complemented mutant had 103times higher transcription. Growth of the complemented mutant was restricted in comparison to that of the mutant and wild type. Hens infected with the wild type and mutant showed decreased blood calcium and egg production, but infection with the complemented mutant did not. Thus, the absence ofsefDcorrelated with increased metabolic capacity and enhanced virulence of the pathogen. These results suggest that any contribution thatsefDmakes to egg contamination is either unknown or would be limited to early transmission from the environment to the host. Absence ofsefD, either through mutation or by suppression of transcription at the body temperature of the host, may contribute to the virulence ofSalmonella entericaby facilitating growth on a wide range of metabolites.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of 40 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains Isolated from Humans and Food in Brazil: TABLE 1 

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Almeida ◽  
Marta Inês Cazentini Medeiros ◽  
Dália Prazeres Rodrigues ◽  
Justin Payne ◽  
Ruth E. Timme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Important Health

Salmonellosis is an important health problem worldwide and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most common isolated serovars. Here, we reported the draft genomes of 40 S . Typhimurium strains isolated from humans and food in Brazil. These draft genomes will improve phylogenetic analysis and will help enhance our understanding of strains of this serovar isolated in Brazil.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Infantis Strains from Hungary Representing Two Peak Incidence Periods in Three Decades

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tímea Wilk ◽  
Móni Szabó ◽  
Ama Szmolka ◽  
János Kiss ◽  
Ferenc Olasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Peak Incidence

ABSTRACT Four strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis isolated from humans (1980 to 1982) and broiler chickens (2016) have been sequenced. They represent the early and recent peak incidences of this serovar in Hungary. Genome sequences of these isolates provide comparative data on the evolution and rise of an endemic S. Infantis clone in Hungary.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of 19 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium [4,5:i:−] Strains Resistant to Nalidixic Acid from a Long-Term Outbreak in Italy: TABLE 1 

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Orsini ◽  
Iolanda Mangone ◽  
Adriano DiPasquale ◽  
Samuel Perticara ◽  
Lorena Sacchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of 19 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium monophasic variant [4,5:i:−] strains involved in a long-term salmonellosis outbreak that occurred in central Italy in 2013 to 2014.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of 20 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains Isolated from Swine in Santa Catarina, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. e00232-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Aparecida Seribelli ◽  
Miliane Rodrigues Frazão ◽  
Júlia Cunha Gonzales ◽  
Guojie Cao ◽  
Maria Sanchez Leon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT Salmonellosis is a disease with a high incidence worldwide, and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most clinically important serovars. We report here the draft genome sequences of 20 S. Typhimurium strains isolated from swine in Santa Catarina, Brazil. These draft genomes will improve our understanding of S. Typhimurium in Brazil.

Who Was “Hitler” Before Hitler? Historical Analogies and the Struggle to Understand Nazism, 1930–1945

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-281
Author(s):  
Gavriel D. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
World War ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Analogy ◽  
Nazi Era

AbstractSince the turn of the millennium, major political figures around the world have been routinely compared to Adolf Hitler. These comparisons have increasingly been investigated by scholars, who have sought to explain their origins and assess their legitimacy. This article sheds light on this ongoing debate by examining an earlier, but strikingly similar, discussion that transpired during the Nazi era itself. Whereas commentators today argue about whether Hitler should be used as a historical analogy, observers in the 1930s and 1940s debated which historical analogies should be used to explain Hitler. During this period, Anglophone and German writers identified a diverse group of historical villains who, they believed, explained the Nazi threat. The figures spanned a wide range of tyrants, revolutionaries, and conquerors. But, by the end of World War II, the revelation of the Nazis' unprecedented crimes exposed these analogies as insufficient and led many commentators to flee from secular history to religious mythology. In the process, they identified Hitler as Western civilization's new archetype of evil and turned him into a hegemonic analogy for the postwar period. By explaining how earlier analogies struggled to make sense of Hitler, we can better understand whether Hitler analogies today are helping or hindering our effort to understand contemporary political challenges.

Health, sustainability, and climate change

2020 ◽  
pp. 382-392
Author(s):  
David Pencheon ◽  
Sonia Roschnik ◽  
Paul Cosford
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
System P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
People Skills ◽  
Cross System

This chapter will help you understand the importance of, and the relationships between, health, health and care systems, sustainable development, and climate change, and to do so locally and globally. The specific objectives of the chapter are to help you: make the case for action by understanding how science, law, policies, and values can be framed and translated into specific and system wide actions; translate what is known and what protects and creates health into policy and practice, and help address barriers to implementation and quality improvement in health and care systems; engage a wide range of stakeholders to ensure appropriate cross-system action involving a diverse group of people, skills, and influences across the health and care system.

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