scholarly journals The Metabolism of Pseudomonas fluorescens as Interpreted by the Relationship between Metabolic End Products and the Electrical Conductivity of the Culture Medium1

1943 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
Louis A. Kazal
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
End Products ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Prediction of Reproductive Success in Multiparous First Service Dairy Cows by Parameters from In-Line Sensors

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Televičius ◽  
Mingaudas Urbutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Group A ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship of different parameters from an automatic milking system (AMS) with the pregnancy status of multiparous cows at first service and to assess the accuracy of such a follow-up with regard to blood parameters. Before the insemination of cows, blood samples for measuring biochemical indices were taken from the coccygeal vessels and the concentrations of blood serum albumin (ALB), cortisol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined. From oestrus day to seven days after oestrus, the following parameters were registered: milk yield (MY), electric milk conductivity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB). The pregnancy status was evaluated using ultrasound “Easy scan” 30–35 days after insemination. Cows were grouped by reproductive status: PG− (non-pregnant; n = 48) and PG+ (pregnant; n = 44). The BHB level in PG− cows was 1.2 times higher (p < 0.005). The electrical conductivity of milk was statistically significantly higher in all quarters of PG− cows (1.07 times) than of PG+ cows (p < 0.05). The arithmetic mean of blood GGT was 1.61 times higher in PG− cows and the NEFA value 1.23 times higher (p < 0.05) compared with the PG+ group. The liver function was affected, the average ALB of PG− cows was 1.19 times lower (p < 0.05) and the AST activity was 1.16 times lower (p < 0.05) compared with PG+ cows. The non-pregnant group had a negative energy balance demonstrated by high in-line milk BHB and high blood NEFA concentrations. We found a greater number of cows with cortisol >0.0.75 mg/dL in the non-pregnant group. A higher milk electrical conductivity in the non-pregnant cows pointed towards a greater risk of mastitis while higher GGT activities together with lower albumin concentrations indicated that the cows were more affected by oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Investigation of the relationship between landform classes and electrical conductivity (EC) of water and soil using a fuzzy model in a GIS environment

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-880
Author(s):  
Marzieh Mokarram ◽  
Dinesh Sathyamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Fuzzy Method ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Soil genesis is highly dependent on landforms as they control the erosional processes and the soil physical and chemical properties. The relationship between landform classification and electrical conductivity (EC) of soil and water in the northern part of Meharloo watershed, Fars province, Iran, was investigated using a combination of a geographical information system (GIS) and a fuzzy model. The results of the fuzzy method for water EC showed 36.6 % of the land to be moderately land suitable for agriculture; high, 31.69 %; and very high, 31.65 %. In comparison, the results of the fuzzy method for soil EC showed 24.31 % of the land to be as not suitable for agriculture (low class); moderate, 11.78 %; high, 25.74 %; and very high, 38.16 %. In total, the land suitable for agriculture with low EC is located in the north and northeast of the study area. The relationship between landform and EC shows that EC of water is high for the valley classes, while the EC of soil is high in the upland drainage class. In addition, the lowest EC levels for soil and water are in the plains class.

Laboratory test of snow wetness influence on electrical conductivity measured with ground penetrating radar

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Granlund ◽  
Angela Lundberg ◽  
James Feiccabrino ◽  
David Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Radar Measurements ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Radar Wave ◽  
The Relationship

Ground penetrating radar operated from helicopters or snowmobiles is used to determine snow water equivalent (SWE) for annual snowpacks from radar wave two-way travel time. However, presence of liquid water in a snowpack is known to decrease the radar wave velocity, which for a typical snowpack with 5% (by volume) liquid water can lead to an overestimation of SWE by about 20%. It would therefore be beneficial if radar measurements could also be used to determine snow wetness. Our approach is to use radar wave attenuation in the snowpack, which depends on electrical properties of snow (permittivity and conductivity) which in turn depend on snow wetness. The relationship between radar wave attenuation and these electrical properties can be derived theoretically, while the relationship between electrical permittivity and snow wetness follows a known empirical formula, which also includes snow density. Snow wetness can therefore be determined from radar wave attenuation if the relationship between electrical conductivity and snow wetness is also known. In a laboratory test, three sets of measurements were made on initially dry 1 m thick snowpacks. Snow wetness was controlled by stepwise addition of water between radar measurements, and a linear relationship between electrical conductivity and snow wetness was established.

Studies on water damage in mungbean. II. Electrical conductivity of seed leachate as an assay of level of damage

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Williams ◽  
RJ Lawn ◽  
BC Imrie ◽  
DE Byth
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
Seed Leachate ◽  
Weather Damage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weathering Process ◽  
Bean Sprouts

Weather-damaged seeds of mungbean are unsuitable for the production of bean sprouts and some other food uses. The breeding of resistant cultivars requires an understanding of the weathering process and the use of suitable criteria for measuring the degree of weather damage. The aim of this research was to describe the effect of weathering on the electrical conductivity of leachate from exposed seeds and to evaluate this technique as a means of discriminating among levels of weather damage. Seeds were weathered in the field or immersed in water in the laboratory for varying durations during one or more cycles of wetting and drying. Leachate conductivities generally increased with increasing visual damage and decreasing viability of seeds. When measurements of conductivity were delayed, the results appeared to be confounded by the extent to which solutes were lost during previous exposure/s to weathering. Measurements soon after immersion tended to reduce this effect and to better reflect the level of weather damage in seeds of mungbean. It was concluded that leachate conductivity technique can provide a reliable assay of weather damage in mungbean. When seeds have been exposed to severe weathering, however, the relationship breaks down, and the technique can give misleading results.

An improvement to the ANN-enhanced flow rating method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

&lt;p&gt;The work reported here builds upon a previous pilot study by the author on ANN-enhanced flow rating (Schmid, 2020), which explored the use of electrical conductivity (EC) in addition to stage to obtain &amp;#8216;better&amp;#8217;, i.e. more accurate and robust, estimates of streamflow. The inclusion of EC has an advantage, when the relationship of EC versus flow rate is not chemostatic in character. In the majority of cases, EC is, indeed, not chemostatic, but tends to decrease with increasing discharge (so-called dilution behaviour), as reported by e.g. Moatar et al. (2017), Weijs et al. (2013) and Tunqui Neira et al.(2020). This is also in line with this author&amp;#8217;s experience.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The research presented here takes the neural network based approach one major step further and incorporates the temporal rate of change in stage and the direction of change in EC among the input variables (which, thus, comprise stage, EC, change in stage and direction of change in EC). Consequently, there are now 4 input variables in total employed as predictors of flow rate. Information on the temporal changes in both flow rate and EC helps the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) characterize hysteretic behaviour, with EC assuming different values for falling and rising flow rate, respectively, as described, for instance, by Singley et al. (2017).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ANN employed is of the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) type, with stage, EC, change in stage and direction of change in EC of the M&amp;#246;dling data set (Schmid, 2020) as input variables. Summarising the stream characteristics, the M&amp;#246;dling brook can be described as a small Austrian stream with a catchment of fairly mixed composition (forests, agricultural and urbanized areas). The relationship of EC versus flow reflects dilution behaviour. Neural network configuration 4-5-1 (the 4 input variables mentioned above, 5 hidden nodes and discharge as the single output) with learning rate 0.05 and momentum 0.15 was found to perform best, with testing average RMSE (root mean square error) of the scaled output after 100,000 epochs amounting to 0.0138 as compared to 0.0216 for the (best performing) 2-5-1 MLP with stage and EC as inputs only. &amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Moatar, F., Abbott, B.W., Minaudo, C., Curie, F. and Pinay, G.: Elemental properties, hydrology, and biology interact to shape concentration-discharge curves for carbon, nutrients, sediment and major ions. Water Resources Res., 53, 1270-1287, 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Schmid, B.H.: Enhanced flow rating using neural networks with water stage and electrical conductivity as predictors. EGU2020-1804, EGU General Assembly 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Singley, J.G., Wlostowski, A.N., Bergstrom, A.J., Sokol, E.R., Torrens, C.L., Jaros, C., Wilson, C.,E., Hendrickson, P.J. and Gooseff, M.N.: Characterizing hyporheic exchange processes using high-frequency electrical conductivity-discharge relationships on subhourly to interannual timescales. Water Resources Res. 53, 4124-4141, 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tunqui Neira, J.M., Andr&amp;#233;assian, V., Tallec, G. and Mouchel, J.-M.: A two-sided affine power scaling relationship to represent the concentration-discharge relationship. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 24, 1823-1830, 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Weijs, S.V., Mutzner, R. and Parlange, M.B.: Could electrical conductivity replace water level in rating curves for alpine streams? Water Resources Research 49, 343-351, 2013.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Relationship Between Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Receptor, sRAGE and Cardiovascular Diseases Risk in Adults with T2D and Vitamin D Insufficiency/deficiency (FS12-08-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina Owusu ◽  
Fatma Huffman ◽  
Juan Liuzzi ◽  
Tan Li ◽  
Vijaya Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Advanced Glycation End Products, (AGEs) and their soluble receptor (sRAGE) have been implicated in the development of complications and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is limited information on the relationship between AGEs and sRAGE and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in minority groups, who have a higher burden of T2D. The relationship between AGEs and sRAGE and CVD risks in adults with T2D and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was assessed in a minority population. Methods A cross sectional study of Hispanics and African Americans with T2D (n = 64, 41 women and 23 men, mean age = 54 ± 9) recruited from two clinics in Miami Dade. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), weight and height measurement and serum lipid profile were completed. ELISA kits were used to assess serum levels of AGEs (Biotang Inc/TSZ Elisa, Waltham, MA, USA) and sRAGE (Biotang Inc/TSZ Elisa, Waltham, MA, USA). Multiple linear regression was used to assess association between AGEs, sRAGE and CVD risks. Results A negative and significant association between AGEs and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)(B = −0.551, P = 0.029) was found. The relationship between AGEs and HDL-C persisted after adjusting for covariates (P < 0.05). sRAGE was significantly associated with SBP (B = 0.015, P = 0.025) and diastolic blood pressure DBP (B = 0.0271, P = 0.037). Results loss significance when association between sRAGE and DBP and SBP were adjusted for covariates such as age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and alcohol intake. Conclusions Our results suggest that AGEs and sRAGE are related to markers of cardiovascular risk such as HDL-C, SBP and DBP in the study population of African Americans and Hispanics with T2D and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. Measures on reducing serum levels of AGEs and improving sRAGE and vitamin D are warranted in these populations for risk reduction of CVD. Funding Sources Partial funding for this research was provided through an NIH/NIDDK sponsored grant.

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