scholarly journals Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: Biology and Therapeutic Options

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suliman Khan ◽  
Rabeea Siddique ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Shereen ◽  
Ashaq Ali ◽  
Jianbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

ABSTRACT The new decade of the 21st century (2020) started with the emergence of a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 that caused an epidemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. It is the third highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in humans. The source of origin, transmission to humans, and mechanisms associated with the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 are not yet clear, however, its resemblance to SARS-CoV and several other bat coronaviruses was recently confirmed through genome sequencing-related studies. The development of therapeutic strategies is necessary in order to prevent further epidemics and cure infections. In this review, we summarize current information about the emergence, origin, diversity, and epidemiology of three pathogenic coronaviruses with a specific focus on the current outbreak in Wuhan, China. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical features and potential therapeutic options that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2.

Recent Patents and Advances on Nanotechnologies against Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab ◽  
Naeemeh Mahdaviyan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the seven known coronaviruses infecting humans; HKU1, 229E, NL63, OC43, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, the last three of which can cause severe symptoms in patients. COVID-19, previously known as 2019 novel coronavirus, caused by SARS-CoV-2, was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, and quickly resulted in a major epidemic across the world. Although the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is not clear yet, genome sequencing results suggest that this is the third reported spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans, from 2002. The development of detection, therapeutic, and prevention strategies for COVID-19 is a fundamental task towards curing infected people and competing with the pandemic. Because of their similarities, scientists believe that treatment/detection methods similar to what were used against the illnesses caused by SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV may be effective for curing/detecting COVID-19. Here, we review the recent nanotechnology techniques used for treating and testing SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, and potential therapeutic options for curing COVID-19.

scholarly journals A comparative study on virology, epidemiology, and clinical features of SARS and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Yanmei Zhao ◽  
Qianying Lu ◽  
Xiangyan Meng ◽  
Siyu Huang ◽  
Jianfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
New Type ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Monitor And Control

Abstract In December 2019, an outbreak of an unknown cause of pneumonia [later named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] occurred in Wuhan, China. This was found to be attributed to a novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV). The SARS-CoV-2, a new type of highly pathogenic human coronavirus related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), spread rapidly worldwide and caused 53,164,803 confirmed infections, including 1,300,576 deaths, by November 13, 2020 (globally, 206,196,367 cases and 4,345,424 deaths as of August 13, 2021). SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV vary in their specific characteristics, regarding epidemics and pathogenesis. This article focuses on the comparison of the virology, epidemiology, and clinical features of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 to reveal their common and distinct properties, to provide an up-to-date resource for the development of advanced systems and strategies to monitor and control future epidemics of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses.

scholarly journals Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly emerged pathogen: an overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Singh Rathore ◽  
Chaitali Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Human Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral pneumonia, responsible for the recent pandemic, and originated from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The causative agent of the outbreak was identified as coronavirus and designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2). Few years back, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS- CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were reported to be highly pathogenic and caused severe infections in humans. In the current situation SARS-CoV-2 has become the third highly pathogenic coronavirus that is responsible for the present outbreak in human population. At the time of this review, there were more than 14 007 791 confirmed COVID-19 patients which associated with over 597 105 deaths in more then 216 countries across the globe (as reported by World Health Organization). In this review we have discussed about SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARC-CoV-2, their reservoirs, role of spike proteins and immunogenicity. We have also covered the diagnosis, therapeutics and vaccine status of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Letter to Editor: Zoonotic Perspective of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Arslan Habib ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Severe Fever

Recently Biscayart et al. stated that coronaviruses cause deleterious diseases in both humans and animals. In the previous three decades China affected with different kinds of viral outbreaks in which include avian influenza disease in 1997, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in 2010. The current outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) is much similar in case of symptoms with SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV).

scholarly journals The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwei Li ◽  
Jun Shao ◽  
Chengdi Wang ◽  
Weimin Li
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Century ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Harm

Abstract An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by a novel pneumonia virus, has affected over 200 countries and regions worldwide. With the increasing number of patients and deaths, WHO have declared it as a global pandemic currently, indicating a third large-scale epidemic coronavirus has appeared since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in the twenty-first century. Considering the great harm it has caused, researchers throughout the world have been chasing to exploit the pathophysiology, characteristics, and potential remedies for COVID-19 to better battle the outbreak. Therefore, the current study revisits advances of the virology, epidemiology, clinical features, therapeutic options, and prevention of COVID-19. The features of asymptomatic carriers are also been explored.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome -coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Eun Park
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Respiratory Tract Sample ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

A cluster of severe pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract sample as the causative agent. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 rapidly spread into at least 114 countries and killed more than 4,000 people by March 11 2020. WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There have been 2 novel coronavirus outbreaks in the past 2 decades. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002–2003 caused by SARS-CoV had a case fatality rate of around 10% (8,098 confirmed cases and 774 deaths), while Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERSCoV killed 861 people out of a total 2,502 confirmed cases between 2012 and 2019. The purpose of this review is to summarize known-to-date information about SARS-CoV-2, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and clinical features.

COVID -19 infection: Epidemiology, Virology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Pharmacological Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avneet Kaur ◽  
Vijay Bhalla ◽  
Mohammed Salahuddin ◽  
Syed Obaidur Rahman ◽  
Faheem Hyder Pottoo
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Present Review ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

Abstract:: Coronavirus was first discovered during the year 1930 and since then vrious coronaviruses like HKU1, MERS-CoV , NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 had been found to infect humans. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is spreading at an alarming rate thereby created health emergency around the world. SARS-CoV2 is reportedly to be originated from wet animal market of Wuhan, China. Since then the world is searching for effective way to manage and treat the COVID-19 infection. The infections has already multiplied with several folds compared to the number of person infected by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. In order to fill the gap of knowledge about this virus, several evidences are required to control it so more lives could be saved. The present review is based on the publicly available literature in order to explore the knowledge regarding epidemiology, virology, diagnosis, clinical features, pharmacological and therapeutic ways to treat the novel coronavirus. This can be helpful in offering novel insights and potential therapeutics in fighting this disease.

The Current Outbreak of COVID-19 with reference to India

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshita Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Indian Council ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Bat Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Outbreak

Abstract:: This review summarizes the outbreak of viruses causing the fatal disease which is highly pathogenic and human to human transmittable and it first emerges in Wuhan, China and now this epidemic situation becomes worldwide. A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)-2 belongs to β-coronavirus genera which were originated in bats due to highly identical genome with bat coronavirus. This review highlights the Indian Council of Medical Research, India study which determined the detection of pathogenic coronavirus in two species of Indian bats. Indian Council of Medical Research, India has successfully isolated the COVID-19 virus strain which was the first step towards diagnosis and the development of vaccines in the country. The outbreaks of coronavirus received worldwide attention for overcoming the challenges faced during this current pandemic as there is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available, however, preventive measures and different treatments were taken to cope with this viral outbreak. In response to this global outbreak, this review tries to explain the Virology, Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and discusses the Diagnosis, treatment strategies of COVID-19. This review emphasizes the current update of knowledge about COVID-19.

scholarly journals Does the novel coronavirus 2019 like heart more than the other family members of coronaviruses?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mostafa Ansari Ramandi ◽  
Mohammadreza Baay ◽  
Nasim Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

The disaster due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world has made investigators enthusiastic about working on different aspects of COVID-19. However, although the pandemic of COVID-19 has not yet ended, it seems that COVID-19 compared to the other coronavirus infections (the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome [MERS] and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS]) is more likely to target the heart. Comparing the previous presentations of the coronavirus family and the recent cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 can also help in predicting possible future challenges and taking measures to tackle these issues.

COVID 19 and its management

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Subhashis Debnath ◽  
Runa Chakravorty ◽  
Donita Devi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, a novel coronavirus, initiated an outbreak of pneumonia from Wuhan in China, which rapidly spread worldwide. The outbreak was declared as “a public health emergency of international concern” by the WHO on January 30, 2020, and as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The disease is transmitted by inhalation or contact with infected droplets and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 d. The symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, malaise among others. The disease is mild in most people; in some (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities), it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi organ dysfunction. Many people are asymptomatic. The virus spreads faster than its two ancestors the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality.

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