scholarly journals P04 Barriers and facilitators to medicines adherence in children: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. e7.3-e8
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aldosari ◽  
Ana Oliveira ◽  
Sharon Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Original Research ◽  
List Type ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Good Communication

AimImproving adherence to medicines in children with chronic conditions may lead to significant economic and health benefits.1 To improve adherence, the multifactorial causes of poor adherence should be understood.1 A systematic review for barriers and facilitators to medicines adherence in children was conducted seven years ago.2 We updated this to identify barriers and facilitators to medicines adherence in children reported in the last ten years.MethodA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, IPA and Cochrane library databases covering the period November 2008 to March 2019. Inclusion criteria were original research studies identifying barriers and/or facilitators of medicines adherence in children (aged 0–18 years) and included all countries and languages. Exclusion criteria included review articles, editorials, conference papers, reports and studies in adults only. As a reliability measure, 5% of titles and abstracts were assessed independently by a second researcher. Quality assessment was performed on all included studies using the STROBE checklist for observational studies and Cochrane collaboration tools for randomised controlled studies and was checked by a second researcher.ResultsOf 9,360 papers identified by the search, only 172 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in the US (76), with 11 in the UK, six in Canada and the remaining 79 studies in various countries. Diseases studied included: HIV/AIDS (60), asthma (25), kidney or liver diseases and transplants (18), psychiatric disorders (12), inflammatory bowel disease (10), epilepsy (9) and others (38). Various tools were used to identify barriers and facilitators to medicines adherence. These included 131 studies which used individually designed questionnaires, 32 studies used validated questionnaires and the remaining 9 studies used patients’ medical data. Forgetfulness and fear of side effects were the most common reported barriers to medicines adherence. Others reported barriers to adherence included family conflict, weak patient-provider relationships, stigma and discrimination, drug regimen complexity and lack of support from families. Factors reported to facilitate high rates of adherence included the linking of medicine taking with daily life routines, using reminders to avoid forgetfulness, a higher level of caregivers and parental education and good communication between healthcare professionals, patients and parents.ConclusionThe main findings of this systematic review show that children faced many and varied barriers to medicines adherence with different diseases. Using reminders to avoid forgetfulness and good communication between healthcare professionals, patients and parents were the most common facilitators. To achieve optimal adherence, healthcare providers need to be aware of these barriers and to consider the most appropriate facilitators to encourage patients to take their medicines as prescribed.ReferencesBrown MT, Bussell JK. Medication adherence: WHO cares? Mayo Clin Proc 2011;86:304–14.Elliott RA, Watmough DE, Gray NJ, Conroy S, Lakhanpaul M, Pandya H, et al. Talking about medicines (TABS): a multi-method study to understand reasons for medicines non-adherence in children and young people with chronic illness, and to improve their contribution to managing their medicines. Natl Inst Heal Res 2012; 1–423.

scholarly journals Impact of Vibration on the Levels of Biomarkers: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110195
Author(s):  
Ashish Agrawal ◽  
TM Chou
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Proquest Dissertation

Introduction: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effect of vibrational force on biomarkers for orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: An electronic search was conducted for relevant studies (up to December 31, 2020) on the following databases: Pubmed, Google scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wiley Library, and ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. Hand searching of selected orthodontic journals was also undertaken. The selected studies were assessed for the risk of bias in Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool. The “traffic plot” and “weighted plot” risk of bias distribution are designed in the RoB 2 tool. The 2 authors extracted the data and analyzed it. Results: Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The risks of biases were high for 4, low and some concern for other 2 studies. The biomarkers, medium, device, frequency and duration of device, as well as other data were extracted. The outcomes of the studies were found to be heterogenous. Conclusion: One study showed highly statistically significant levels of IL-1 beta with <.001. Rate of tooth movement was correlated with levels of released biomarkers under the influence of vibrational force in 3 studies, but it was found to be significant only in 1 study. It was further observed that vibration does not have any significant reduction in pain and discomfort.

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators to implementing clinical imaging guidelines by healthcare professionals using theoretical domains framework: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol

BJR|Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20210004
Author(s):  
Harriet Nalubega Kisembo ◽  
Ritah Nassanga ◽  
Faith Ameda Ameda ◽  
Moses Ocan ◽  
Alison A Kinengyere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Clinical Imaging

Objectives: To identify, categorize, and develop an aggregated synthesis of evidence using the theoretical domains framework (TDF) on barriers and facilitators that influence implementation of clinical imaging guidelines (CIGs) by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in diagnostic imaging Methods: The protocol will be guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2014. Methodology for JBI Mixed Methods Systematic Reviews and will adhere to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA-P). Information source will include databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library), internet search (https://www.google.com/scholar), experts’ opinion, professional societies/organizations websites and government bodies strategies/recommendations, and reference lists of included studies. Articles of any study design published in English from 1990 to date, having investigated factors operating as barriers and/or facilitators to the implementation CIGs by HCPs will be eligible. Selecting, appraising, and extracting data from the included studies will be independently performed by at least two reviewers using validated tools and Rayyan – Systematic Review web application. Disagreements will be resolved by consensus and a third reviewer as a tie breaker. The aggregated studies will be synthesized using thematic analysis guided by TDF. Results: Identified barriers will be defined a priori and mapped into 7 TDF domains including knowledge, awareness, effectiveness, time, litigationand financial incentives Conclusion: The results will provide an insight into a theory-based approach to predict behavior-related determinants for implementing CIGs and develop strategies/interventions to target the elicited behaviors. Recommendations will be made if the level of evidence is sufficient Advances in knowledge: Resource-constrained settings that are in the process of adopting CIGs may opt for this strategy to predict in advance likely impediments to achieving the goal of CIG implementation and develop tailored interventions during the planning phase. Systematic review Registration: PROSPERO ID = CRD42020136372 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO).

scholarly journals Views of commissioners, managers and healthcare professionals on the NHS Health Check programme: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e018606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Mills ◽  
Emma Harte ◽  
Adam Martin ◽  
Calum MacLure ◽  
Simon J Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nhs Health Check

ObjectiveTo synthesise data concerning the views of commissioners, managers and healthcare professionals towards the National Health Service (NHS) Health Check programme in general and the challenges faced when implementing it in practice.DesignA systematic review of surveys and interview studies with a descriptive analysis of quantitative data and thematic synthesis of qualitative data.Data sourcesAn electronic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Health Management Information Consortium, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Global Health, PsycInfo, Web of Science, OpenGrey, the Cochrane Library, NHS Evidence, Google Scholar, Google, ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry from 1 January 1996 to 9 November 2016 with no language restriction and manual screening of reference lists of all included papers.Inclusion criteriaPrimary research reporting views of commissioners, managers or healthcare professionals on the NHS Health Check programme and its implementation in practice.ResultsOf 18 524 citations, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. There was evidence from both quantitative and qualitative studies that some commissioners and general practice (GP) healthcare professionals were enthusiastic about the programme, whereas others raised concerns around inequality of uptake, the evidence base and cost-effectiveness. In contrast, those working in pharmacies were all positive about programme benefits, citing opportunities for their business and staff. The main challenges to implementation were: difficulties with information technology and computer software, resistance to the programme from some GPs, the impact on workload and staffing, funding and training needs. Inadequate privacy was also a challenge in pharmacy and community settings, along with difficulty recruiting people eligible for Health Checks and poor public access to some venues.ConclusionsThe success of the NHS Health Check Programme relies on engagement by those responsible for its commissioning, management and delivery. Recognising and addressing the challenges identified in this review, in particular the concerns of GPs, are important for the future of the programme.

scholarly journals Sarcopenic is associated with hypertension in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Bai ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Feika Li ◽  
Yan Ren ◽  
Jiaan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Asian Group ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract BackgroundBoth sarcopenia and handgrip strength have been observed association with hypertension. However, the results in different studies were inconsistent. In the current study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to reveal the association between sarcopenia, handgrip strength, and hypertension in older adults.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to 15 November, 2019for original research studies. The studies that addressed the association between sarcopenia, handgrip strength, and hypertension were included and summarized.Results19 studies met the inclusion criteria and a total of 21301 were included in the meta-analysis. Eight eligible studiesreported the odd ratios (ORs) of hypertension and the ORs ranged from 0.41 to 4.38. When pooled the ORs together, the summarized ORs was 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI) =1.00-1.67]. The summarized ORs for the Asian group 1.50 (95% CI=1.35-1.67) was significantly higher than that of Caucasian group 1.08 (95% CI=0.39-2.97). Eleven studies provided the data on association between handgrip strength and hypertension. The overall ORs and 95% CI was 0.99 (95% CI=0.80-1.23), showing no association.ConclusionSarcopenia was associated with hypertension but no correlation was found between handgrip strength and hypertension in older adults.

scholarly journals P008 Measuring medicines adherence in children: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. e2.10-e2
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aldosari ◽  
Sharon Conroy ◽  
Ana Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
List Type ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pharmacy Refill

Aim30–70% of children prescribed long-term medicines have poor adherence.1 Knowing the degree of adherence is important to understand the consequences of nonadherence and to develop strategies to improve medication adherence in children. We therefore performed a systematic review to identify measures of medication adherence used in children and the strengths and weaknesses of those measures.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, IPA and Cochrane library databases covering the period March 2008 to March 2018 in order to focus on the methods recently used to assess adherence. Inclusion criteria were original research studies measuring medication adherence in children (aged 0–18 years) and included all countries and languages. To be included, the assessment tool used to measure adherence in each study needed to be described in detail. Exclusion criteria included: review articles, editorials, conference papers, reports, and studies reporting only adherence outcomes/rates without reporting measurement methods. As a reliability measure, 5% of titles and abstracts were assessed independently by a second researcher.ResultsOf 9,747 papers identified by the search, only 31 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in the US (14) with four in South Africa, three in Kenya and the remaining ten studies in various countries including one in the UK. Diseases studied included: HIV/AIDS (13), asthma (5), inflammatory bowel disease (3), epilepsy (2), type 1 diabetes (2), others (6). In the commonest disease studied, HIV, self-report, Medication Event Monitoring Systems (MEMS), dose counting, pharmacy refill data and medication plasma levels were used to assess adherence. In patients with diabetes, mobile phone, medication plasma levels and self-report were used. Canister weight and MEMS were used to assess adherence in patients with asthma. Self- reporting was the most commonly used method to assess adherence and was reported to be flexible, inexpensive, and time saving but it was the least accurate and overestimated adherence rates. MEMS was the most accurate method but was also the most expensive. Dose counting was easy to use and inexpensive but adherence was also overestimated with this method. Measuring medication plasma levels was more precise than self-reporting and dose counting but was costly, time consuming and difficult to perform. Pharmacy refill data was more accurate than self-reporting and less accurate than MEMS and medication plasma levels. Mobile phone methods were reported to be very expensive and difficult to perform. Canister weight had the same efficacy as using MEMS and was less expensive, but was only applicable to inhalation devices. ConclusionCurrently, no gold standard method to measure adherence to medicines in children exists as each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Overall, the MEMS method was the most accurate but most expensive, while self-reporting was the least accurate but least costly.None of these measures were reported to be highly accurate in the assessment of adherence, so it is important to use a combination of multiple measures in order to gain a true picture of adherence.ReferenceChappell F. Medication adherence in children remains a challenge. Prescriber 2015;26(12):31–4.

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators to reducing anticholinergic burden: a qualitative systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Stewart ◽  
Katie Gallacher ◽  
Athagran Nakham ◽  
Moira Cruickshank ◽  
Rumana Newlands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Organisation Of Care ◽  
Anticholinergic Medications ◽  
Provider Perspectives ◽  
Anticholinergic Burden

AbstractBackground Despite common use, anticholinergic medications have been associated with serious health risks. Interventions to reduce their use are being developed and there is a need to understand their implementation into clinical care. Aim of review This systematic review aims to identify and analyse qualitative research studies exploring the barriers and facilitators to reducing anticholinergic burden. Methods Medline (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), CINAHL (EMBSCO) and PsycINFO (OVID) were searched using comprehensive search terms. Peer reviewed studies published in English presenting qualitative research in relation to the barriers and facilitators of deprescribing anticholinergic medications, involving patients, carers or health professionals were eligible. Normalization Process Theory was used to explore and explain the data. Results Of 1764 identified studies, two were eligible and both involved healthcare professionals (23 general practitioners, 13 specialist clinicians and 12 pharmacists). No studies were identified that involved patients or carers. Barriers to collaborative working often resulted in poor motivation to reduce anticholinergic use. Low confidence, system resources and organisation of care also hindered anticholinergic burden reduction. Good communication and relationships with patients, carers and other healthcare professionals were reported as important for successful anticholinergic burden reduction. Having a named person for prescribing decisions, and clear role boundaries, were also important facilitators. Conclusions This review identified important barriers and facilitators to anticholinergic burden reduction from healthcare provider perspectives which can inform implementation of such deprescribing interventions. Studies exploring patient and carer perspectives are presently absent but are required to ensure person-centeredness and feasibility of future interventions.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia is associated with hypertension in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Bai ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Feika Li ◽  
Yan Ren ◽  
Jiaan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Asian Group

Abstract Background: Sarcopenia and handgrip strength have been observed and correlated in association with hypertension among the old-age people. However, the results reported in different studies were inconsistent. In the current study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to reveal the significant association between sarcopenia, handgrip strength, and hypertension in older adults. Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to 15 November, 2019 to retrieve the original research studies that addressed the association between sarcopenia, handgrip strength, and hypertension. All the relevant data were retrieved, analyzed, and summarized. Results: 19 studies met the inclusion criteria and a total of 21301 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Eight eligible studies have reported the odd ratios (ORs) of hypertension and the ORs ranged from 0.41 to 4.38. When pooled the ORs together, the summarized ORs was 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI) =1.00-1.67]. The summarized ORs for the Asian group 1.50 (95% CI=1.35-1.67) was significantly higher than that of Caucasian group 1.08 (95% CI=0.39-2.97). Eleven studies have provided the data on association between handgrip strength and hypertension. The overall ORs and 95% CI was 0.99 (95% CI=0.80-1.23), showing no significant association. Conclusion: Sarcopenia was associated with hypertension, but no correlation was found between handgrip strength and hypertension in older adults.

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators experienced by patients, carers and healthcare professionals when managing symptoms in infants, children and young people at end-of-life: a mixed methods systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e030566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Greenfield ◽  
Simone Holley ◽  
Daniel Eric Schoth ◽  
Emily Harrop ◽  
Richard Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Young People ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Children And Young People

IntroductionThis protocol describes the objective and methods of a systematic review of barriers and facilitators experienced by patients, carers and healthcare professionals when managing symptoms in infants, children and young people (ICYP) at end-of-life.Methods and analysisThe Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Database, Evidence Search and OpenGrey will be electronically searched. Reference screening of relevant articles and inquiries to researchers in the field will be undertaken. Studies will be selected if they apply qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods designs to explore barriers and facilitators experienced by patients, carers and healthcare professionals when managing symptoms in ICYP at end-of-life.Articles will be screened by title and abstract by one reviewer with a second reviewer assessing 10% of the articles. Both reviewers will read and screen all remaining potentially relevant articles. For included articles, one reviewer will extract study characteristics and one will check this.Both reviewers will undertake independent quality assessments of included studies using established and appropriate checklists including The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist; The evaluative criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability; The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, and The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data synthesis methods will be decided after data extraction and assessment.Ethics and disseminationThis review will inform our understanding of symptom management in ICYP at end-of-life. The findings will be reported in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. The study raises no ethical issues.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019124797

Abstract 13127: Cardiac Metastasis of Lingual Squamous Cell Carcinoma, A Systematic Review of Presentation, Management, and Outcomes

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor C Kerndt ◽  
Trevor Nessel ◽  
John A Bills ◽  
Zaid A Shareef ◽  
Alexander Balinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cardiac Metastasis ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Cardiac Metastases

Introduction: Cardiac metastasis of lingual squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) describes a rare oncologic progression of oral disease currently ill-defined by medical literature. In this systematic review, we aim to characterize the presentation, management, and outcomes associated with LSCC cardiac metastases. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed from inception until December 2019. Inclusion criteria included a histologically diagnosed LSCC, definitive location of cardiac metastasis, and Oxford evidence level of 4. Duplicate, non-English, animal studies, and non-original research were excluded. Patient demographics, presenting symptomology, imaging findings, interventions, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: Twenty-seven articles containing 31 cases met the outlined inclusion criteria. The average age of patient presentation was 55.6 years, ranging from 23-77 years. Average time from primary cancer diagnosis to identification of cardiac metastasis was 2.2 years, varying from 0.2-11.0 years. Shortness of breath (29.0%) and chest pain (29.0%) were the most common presenting symptoms, while effusion (21.2%) and right ventricular outflow obstruction (18.2%) were the predominant echocardiogram findings. Right sided metastases (76.7%) were identified more commonly than left sided metastases (53.3%) and septal metastases (36.7%). Cardiac metastases most commonly presented within the right ventricle (56.7%), followed by the left ventricle (43.3%) (Figure 1). Surgical resection (80.6%) and radiotherapy (74.2%) were the most frequently utilized interventions. No patients obtained remission with treatment and all patients expired within one year of metastatic diagnosis. Conclusions: Cardiac metastases of LSCC demonstrate ventricular predominance and suggest a poor prognosis. Patients may benefit from palliative measures, rather than invasive intervention.

scholarly journals Biomarkers predictive of treatment response in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2110140
Author(s):  
Conor Magee ◽  
Hannah Jethwa ◽  
Oliver M. FitzGerald ◽  
Deepak R. Jadon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Psoriatic Disease ◽  
Subsequent Response

Aims: The ability to predict response to treatment remains a key unmet need in psoriatic disease. We conducted a systematic review of studies relating to biomarkers associated with response to treatment in either psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library from their inception to 2 September 2020, and conference proceedings from four major rheumatology conferences. Original research articles studying pre-treatment biomarker levels associated with subsequent response to pharmacologic treatment in either PsV or PsA were included. Results: A total of 765 articles were retrieved and after review, 44 articles (22 relating to PsV and 22 to PsA) met the systematic review’s eligibility criteria. One study examined the response to methotrexate, one the response to tofacitinib and all the other studies to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Whilst several studies examined the HLA-C*06 allele in PsV, the results were conflicting. Interleukin (IL)-12 serum levels and polymorphisms in the IL-12B gene show promise as biomarkers of treatment response in PsV. Most, but not all, studies found that higher baseline levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were associated with a better clinical response to treatment in patients with PsA. Conclusion: Several studies have identified biomarkers associated with subsequent response to treatment in psoriatic disease. However, due to the different types of biomarkers, treatments and outcome measures used, firm conclusions cannot be drawn. Further validation is needed before any of these biomarkers translate to clinical practice.

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