scholarly journals Enterovirus as trigger of coeliac disease: nested case-control study within prospective birth cohort

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R Kahrs ◽  
Katerina Chuda ◽  
German Tapia ◽  
Lars C Stene ◽  
Karl Mårild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether infection with human enterovirus or adenovirus, both common intestinal viruses, predicts development of coeliac disease.DesignCase-control study nested within Norwegian birth cohort recruited between 2001 and 2007 and followed to September 2016.SettingNorwegian population.ParticipantsChildren carrying the HLA genotype DR4-DQ8/DR3-DQ2 conferring increased risk of coeliac disease.ExposuresEnterovirus and adenovirus detected using real time polymerase chain reaction in monthly stool samples from age 3 to 36 months.Main outcome measureCoeliac disease diagnosed according to standard criteria. Coeliac disease antibodies were tested in blood samples taken at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and then annually. Adjusted odds ratios from mixed effects logistic regression model were used to assess the relation between viral infections before development of coeliac disease antibodies and coeliac disease.ResultsAmong 220 children, and after a mean of 9.9 (SD 1.6) years, 25 children were diagnosed as having coeliac disease after screening and were matched to two controls each. Enterovirus was found in 370 (17%) of 2135 samples and was significantly more frequent in samples collected before development of coeliac disease antibodies in cases than in controls (adjusted odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 2.06; P=0.02). The association was restricted to infections after introduction of gluten. High quantity samples (>100 000 copies/μL) (adjusted odds ratio 2.11, 1.24 to 3.60; P=0.01) and long lasting infections (>2 months) (2.16, 1.16 to 4.04; P=0.02) gave higher risk estimates. Both the commonly detected enterovirus species Enterovirus A and Enterovirus B were significantly associated with coeliac disease. The association was not found for infections during or after development of coeliac disease antibodies. Adenovirus was not associated with coeliac disease.ConclusionsIn this longitudinal study, a higher frequency of enterovirus, but not adenovirus, during early childhood was associated with later coeliac disease. The finding adds new information on the role of viral infections in the aetiology of coeliac disease.

scholarly journals Artistic creativity and risk for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and unipolar depression: a Swedish population-based case–control study and sib-pair analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (6) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. MacCabe ◽  
A. Sariaslan ◽  
C. Almqvist ◽  
P. Lichtenstein ◽  
H. Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundMany studies have addressed the question of whether mental disorder is associated with creativity, but high-quality epidemiological evidence has been lacking.AimsTo test for an association between studying a creative subject at high school or university and later mental disorder.MethodIn a case–control study using linked population-based registries in Sweden (N = 4 454 763), we tested for associations between tertiary education in an artistic field and hospital admission with schizophrenia (N = 20 333), bipolar disorder (N = 28 293) or unipolar depression (N = 148 365).ResultsCompared with the general population, individuals with an artistic education had increased odds of developing schizophrenia (odds ratio = 1.90, 95% CI = [1.69; 2.12]) bipolar disorder (odds ratio = 1.62 [1.50; 1.75]) and unipolar depression (odds ratio = 1.39 [1.34; 1.44]. The results remained after adjustment for IQ and other potential confounders.ConclusionsStudents of artistic subjects at university are at increased risk of developing schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and unipolar depression in adulthood.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Interdelivery Interval and Diabetes Mellitus in a Subsequent Pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1039-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie M. Dude ◽  
Ashley Battarbee ◽  
Lynn M. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Control Study

Objective We determined whether time between deliveries is associated with developing diabetes at the time of a subsequent delivery. Study Design This is a case–control study of women who had two consecutive singleton births at the same institution with no pregestational diabetes in the baseline pregnancy. Cases were defined as women who were diagnosed with any type of diabetes at the time of the subsequent delivery. Controls were defined as women who had no diagnosis of diabetes at the time of the subsequent delivery. Interdelivery interval (IDI) was categorized as < 18, 18 to 60, or > 60 months. Results Of 12,263 women, 4.1% (N = 501) were diagnosed with diabetes at the subsequent delivery. Women with diabetes were more likely to have an IDI of >60 months than women without diabetes (9.0 vs. 4.2%, p < 0.001). After controlling for confounding factors, an IDI > 60 months remained associated with development of pregestational or gestational diabetes by the conclusion of the subsequent pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 2.13 compared with an IDI of 18–60 months, 95% confidence interval 1.44–3.15). Conclusion A longer IDI is an independent risk factor for the development of diabetes at the time of a subsequent delivery.

Smoking and Orofacial Clefts: A United Kingdom–Based Case-Control Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Little ◽  
A. Cardy ◽  
M. T. Arslan ◽  
M. Gilmour ◽  
P. A. Mossey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Objective To investigate the association between smoking and orofacial clefts in the United Kingdom. Design Case-control study in which the mother's exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed by a structured interview. Setting Scotland and the Manchester and Merseyside regions of England. Participants One hundred ninety children born with oral cleft between September 1, 1997, and January 31, 2000, and 248 population controls, matched with the cases on sex, date of birth, and region. Main Outcome Measure Cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cleft palate. Results There was a positive association between maternal smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy and both cleft lip with or without cleft palate (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.1) and cleft palate (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 4.1). There was evidence of a dose-response relationship for both types of cleft. An effect of passive smoking could not be excluded in mothers who did not smoke themselves. Conclusion The small increased risk for cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the offspring of women who smoke during pregnancy observed in this study is in line with previous evidence. In contrast to some previous studies, an increased risk was also apparent for cleft palate. In these U.K. data, there was evidence of a dose-response effect of maternal smoking for both types of cleft. The data were compatible with a modest effect of maternal passive smoking, but the study lacked statistical power to detect or exclude such an effect with confidence. It may be useful to incorporate information on the effects of maternal smoking on oral clefts into public health campaigns on the consequences of maternal smoking.

The Effect of Preoperative Skin Preparation Products on Surgical Site Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1535-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Young ◽  
Sara Reese ◽  
Bryan Knepper ◽  
Amber Miller ◽  
Cyril Mauffrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Skin Preparation ◽  
Control Study

Skin preparation products contribute to surgical site infection (SSI) prevention. In a case-control study, diabetes was associated with increased SSI (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.74 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–27.0]), while the use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) plus isopropyl alcohol versus CHG alone was found to be protective (adjusted OR, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.12–6.20]).Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(12):1535–1538

scholarly journals Association of a Remotely Offered Infectious Diseases eConsult Service With Improved Clinical Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J Tande ◽  
Elie F Berbari ◽  
Priya Ramar ◽  
Shiva P Ponamgi ◽  
Umesh Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health System ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Consultative Service ◽  
Control Study

Abstract We performed a case–control study to evaluate an electronic, asynchronous infectious diseases consultative service at 2 rural hospitals within our health system. Patients with consultation via this platform (n = 100) had a significantly decreased odds of death at 30 days compared with propensity-matched controls (n = 300; adjusted odds ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–0.7; P = .003).

scholarly journals Outbreak of unusual H2S-negative monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain likely associated with small tomatoes, Sweden, August to October 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Colombe ◽  
Cecilia Jernberg ◽  
Emma Löf ◽  
Anna Lindqvist Angervall ◽  
Henrik Mellström-Dahlgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Typhimurium Strain ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Control Study

Sweden is investigating an outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium. Eighty-two nationally-distributed cases have been confirmed, with date of symptom onset between 28 August and 29 October. Cases were 51 years of age on average (range: 0–89) and the majority of cases were female (62%). A case–control study was conducted and suggested small tomatoes as source of the outbreak (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 10.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.15-112.68, p value < 0.001), and a trace-back investigation led to a single, non-Swedish producer in Europe. Both the Salmonella strain and the source of the outbreak are rarely encountered in Europe. Results from investigation at the producer are pending.

scholarly journals A Nested Case-Control Study of Midgestation Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Severe Preeclampsia

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 5105-5109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Baker ◽  
Sina Haeri ◽  
Carlos A. Camargo ◽  
Janice A. Espinola ◽  
Alison M. Stuebe
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Context: Vitamin D may be important in the pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia. Given the few effective preventive strategies for severe preeclampsia, studies establishing this link are needed so that effective interventions can be developed. Objective: Our objective was to assess whether midgestation vitamin D deficiency is associated with development of severe preeclampsia. Design and Setting: We conducted a nested case-control study of pregnant women who had previously given blood for routine genetic multiple marker screening and subsequently delivered at a tertiary hospital between January 2004 and November 2008. Patients: Participants included women with singleton pregnancies in the absence of any chronic medical illnesses. From an overall cohort of 3992 women, 51 cases of severe preeclampsia were matched by race/ethnicity with 204 women delivering at term with uncomplicated pregnancies. Banked maternal serum was used to measure maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome was severe preeclampsia. Results: Midgestation maternal 25(OH)D concentration was lower in women who subsequently developed severe preeclampsia compared with controls [median (interquartile range), 75 (47–107) nmol/liter vs. 98 (68–113) nmol/liter; P = 0.01]. Midgestation maternal 25(OH)D of less than 50 nmol/liter was associated with an almost 4-fold odds of severe preeclampsia (unadjusted odds ratio, 3.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.52–8.65) compared with midgestation levels of at least 75 nmol/liter. Adjustment for known confounders strengthened the observed association (adjusted odds ratio, 5.41; 95% confidence interval, 2.02–14.52). Conclusion: Maternal midgestation vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of severe preeclampsia. Vitamin D deficiency may be a modifiable risk factor for severe preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Determinants of uterine rupture among mothers who gave birth in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals, institution-based case–control study, Southern Ethiopia, Ethiopia, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 174550652096172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goitom Girmay ◽  
Teklemariam Gultie ◽  
Gebrekiros Gebremichael ◽  
Bezawit Afework ◽  
Gebremariam Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Uterine Rupture ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
Control Study

Background: Uterine rupture is a major public health problem in low-income countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, its prevalence is low, but it results in devastative health problems of the mother and her baby. Even though the Ethiopian government and nongovernmental organizations tried to strengthen the health care system, significant adverse maternal and fetal outcome is still associated with uterine rupture. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of uterine rupture in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals. Methods: The study was conducted in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals, and the data collection period was 15 to 30 November 2018. A case–control study design was used with simple random sampling of 1:4. Data were collected using data extraction sheets. Variables with p < 0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were entered into multivariable logistic regression. Variables with p < 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were used to determine significant association between dependent and independent variables. Result: Uterine rupture occurred in 112 cases with 448 controls. Women referred from health facilities (adjusted odds ratio = 8.0, 95% confidence interval: 3.5–17.8), multiparous women (adjusted odds ratio = 12.7, 95% confidence interval: 4.2–39.0), duration of labor more than 18 h (adjusted odds ratio = 11.5, 95% confidence interval: 5.5–24.1), malpresentation (adjusted odds ratio = 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.0–8.0) and gestational age of ⩾37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio = 5.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–19.3) were independent factors associated with uterine rupture. Conclusion: Mothers referred from health facilities, multiparous women, duration of labor more than 18 h, gestational age of ⩾37 weeks and malpresentation were significantly associated with uterine rupture. Early referral, encouraging family planning, proper use of partograph, early identification and appropriate intervention for malpresentation are recommended.

HUBUNGAN STUNTING DENGAN KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS PADA BALITA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
NFN Jahiroh ◽  
Nurhayati Prihartono
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Abstrak : Tuberkulosis (TB) dan stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan stunting dengan kejadian TB pada anak usia 1-59 bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus-kontrol. Kasus adalah anak usia 1-59 bulan yang berobat di puskesmas yang didiagnosis TB oleh dokter menggunakan sistem skoring. Kontrol adalah anak usia 1-59 bulan yang berkunjung ke puskesmas yang sama dengan kasus, didiagnosis bukan TB. Pemilihan kontrol menggunakan teknik sampling acak sederhana. Balita dengan TB dan bukan TB terdistribusi yang hampir sama menurut jenis kelamin dan ventilasi rumah. Jika dibandingkan dengan balita gizi normal, balita gizi stunting mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi sakit TB. Balita pendek dan sangat pendek mempunyai risiko masing-masing 3,5 kali dan 9 kali sakit TB [adjusted odds ratio (OR = 3.54; P = 0,004 and and OR = 9.06; P = 0.001) respectively. Ditinjau dari segi imunisasi BCG, balita yang tidak diimunisasi dibandingkan yang diimunisasi BCG mempunyai risiko 4 kali sakit TB. Pada kontak serumah dengan pasien TB, balita yang mempunyai kontak dibandingkan tidak mempunyai kontak serumah dengan pasien TB berisiko hampir 12 kali sakit TB (OR = 11.96; P = 0.000). Sedangkan jika ditinjau dari usia balita, balita usia < 24 bulan dibandingkan balita usia > 24 bulan mempunyai risiko 2,8 kali sakit TB OR = 2.84; P = 0.011). Balita stunting, yang tidak diimunisasi, dan yang mempunyai kontak TB serumah TB mempunyai risiko lebih besar sakit TB. Abstract : Tuberculosis (TB) and stunting remain a health problem in Indonesia. The objective orf this study was to identify the relationship of stunting with the incidence of TB in children aged 1-59 months. This case-control study in district of West Bandung (West Java). Cases were children aged 1-59 months who visited at clinic health center diagnosed TB by a doctor using a scoring system. Controls were the same age who visited the same clinic with the case, not diagnosed TB. Balita dengan TB dan bukan TB terdistribusi yang hampir sama menurut jenis kelamin dan ventilasi rumah. Jika dibandingkan dengan balita gizi normal, balita gizi stunting mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi sakit TB. Balita pendek dan sangat pendek mempunyai risiko masing-masing 3,5 kali dan 9 kali sakit TB [adjusted odds ratio (OR = 3.54; P = 0,004 and and OR = 9.06; P = 0.001) respectively. Ditinjau dari segi imunisasi BCG, balita yang tidak diimunisasi dibandingkan yang diimunisasi BCG mempunyai risiko 4 kali sakit TB. Pada kontak serumah dengan pasien TB, balita yang mempunyai kontak dibandingkan tidak mempunyai kontak serumah dengan pasien TB berisiko hampir 12 kali sakit TB (OR = 11.96; P = 0.000). Sedangkan jika ditinjau dari usia balita, balita usia < 24 bulan dibandingkan balita usia lebih 24 bulan mempunyai risiko 2,8 kali sakit TB OR = 2.84; P = 0.011). Stunting toddler, not immunized, and had TB contact at home had higher risk to be TB.

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