scholarly journals A Nested Case-Control Study of Midgestation Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Severe Preeclampsia

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 5105-5109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Baker ◽  
Sina Haeri ◽  
Carlos A. Camargo ◽  
Janice A. Espinola ◽  
Alison M. Stuebe
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Context: Vitamin D may be important in the pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia. Given the few effective preventive strategies for severe preeclampsia, studies establishing this link are needed so that effective interventions can be developed. Objective: Our objective was to assess whether midgestation vitamin D deficiency is associated with development of severe preeclampsia. Design and Setting: We conducted a nested case-control study of pregnant women who had previously given blood for routine genetic multiple marker screening and subsequently delivered at a tertiary hospital between January 2004 and November 2008. Patients: Participants included women with singleton pregnancies in the absence of any chronic medical illnesses. From an overall cohort of 3992 women, 51 cases of severe preeclampsia were matched by race/ethnicity with 204 women delivering at term with uncomplicated pregnancies. Banked maternal serum was used to measure maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome was severe preeclampsia. Results: Midgestation maternal 25(OH)D concentration was lower in women who subsequently developed severe preeclampsia compared with controls [median (interquartile range), 75 (47–107) nmol/liter vs. 98 (68–113) nmol/liter; P = 0.01]. Midgestation maternal 25(OH)D of less than 50 nmol/liter was associated with an almost 4-fold odds of severe preeclampsia (unadjusted odds ratio, 3.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.52–8.65) compared with midgestation levels of at least 75 nmol/liter. Adjustment for known confounders strengthened the observed association (adjusted odds ratio, 5.41; 95% confidence interval, 2.02–14.52). Conclusion: Maternal midgestation vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of severe preeclampsia. Vitamin D deficiency may be a modifiable risk factor for severe preeclampsia.

A Nested Case-Control Study of Midgestation Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Severe Preeclampsia

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Baker ◽  
Sina Haeri ◽  
Carlos A. Camargo ◽  
Janice A. Espinola ◽  
Alison M. Stuebe
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Smoking and Orofacial Clefts: A United Kingdom–Based Case-Control Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Little ◽  
A. Cardy ◽  
M. T. Arslan ◽  
M. Gilmour ◽  
P. A. Mossey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Objective To investigate the association between smoking and orofacial clefts in the United Kingdom. Design Case-control study in which the mother's exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed by a structured interview. Setting Scotland and the Manchester and Merseyside regions of England. Participants One hundred ninety children born with oral cleft between September 1, 1997, and January 31, 2000, and 248 population controls, matched with the cases on sex, date of birth, and region. Main Outcome Measure Cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cleft palate. Results There was a positive association between maternal smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy and both cleft lip with or without cleft palate (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.1) and cleft palate (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 4.1). There was evidence of a dose-response relationship for both types of cleft. An effect of passive smoking could not be excluded in mothers who did not smoke themselves. Conclusion The small increased risk for cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the offspring of women who smoke during pregnancy observed in this study is in line with previous evidence. In contrast to some previous studies, an increased risk was also apparent for cleft palate. In these U.K. data, there was evidence of a dose-response effect of maternal smoking for both types of cleft. The data were compatible with a modest effect of maternal passive smoking, but the study lacked statistical power to detect or exclude such an effect with confidence. It may be useful to incorporate information on the effects of maternal smoking on oral clefts into public health campaigns on the consequences of maternal smoking.

scholarly journals Metronidazole-associated Neurologic Events: A Nested Case-control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Daneman ◽  
Yi Cheng ◽  
Tara Gomes ◽  
Jun Guan ◽  
Muhammad M Mamdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Case reports have described instances of peripheral and central nervous system toxicity during treatment with metronidazole; however, no large-scale studies have examined this association. Methods We conducted a population-based nested case-control study of adults aged 66 years or older living in Ontario, Canada, between 1 April 2003 and 31 March 2017. Cases were individuals who attended hospital for any of cerebellar dysfunction, encephalopathy, or peripheral neuropathy within 100 days of a prescription for either metronidazole or clindamycin. We matched each case patient with up to 10 event-free control subjects who also received metronidazole or clindamycin. We used conditional logistic regression to test the association between metronidazole exposure and neurologic events, with clindamycin as the reference exposure. Results We identified 1212 cases with recent use of either metronidazole or clindamycin and 12 098 controls. Neurologic adverse events were associated with an increased odds of metronidazole exposure compared to clindamycin (odds ratio [OR], 1.72 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.53–1.94]), which persisted after accounting for patient demographics, comorbidities, and other medication exposures (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.43 [95% CI, 1.26–1.63]). We found a consistent association limited to either central (aOR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.27–1.68]) or peripheral (aOR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.02–1.76]) nervous system events. Among metronidazole recipients, the overall incidence of neurologic events at 100 days was approximately 0.25%. Conclusions Metronidazole is associated with an increased risk of adverse peripheral and central nervous system events relative to clindamycin. Clinicians and patients should be aware of these rare but potentially serious adverse events.

scholarly journals Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of lower-extremity functional impairment in older adults: a nested case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Félix Caballero ◽  
Ellen A. Struijk ◽  
Alberto Lana ◽  
Antonio Buño ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractElevated concentrations of acylcarnitines have been associated with higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between L-carnitine and acylcarnitine profiles, and 2-year risk of incident lower-extremity functional impairment (LEFI). This case–control study is nested in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort of community-dwelling older adults, which included 43 incident cases of LEFI and 86 age- and sex- matched controls. LEFI was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery. Plasma L-carnitine and 28 acylcarnitine species were measured. After adjusting for potential confounders, medium-chain acylcarnitines levels were associated with 2-year incidence of LEFI [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.64; p = 0.02]. Similar results were observed for long-chain acylcarnitines [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 2.80; p = 0.04]. Stratified analyses showed a stronger association between medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines and incidence of LEFI among those with body mass index and energy intake below the median value. In conclusion, higher plasma concentrations of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were associated with higher risk of LEFI. Given the role of these molecules on mitochondrial transport of fatty acids, our results suggest that bioenergetics dysbalance contributes to LEFI.

scholarly journals Irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease risk: register-based studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojing Liu ◽  
Arvid Sjölander ◽  
Nancy L. Pedersen ◽  
Jonas F. Ludvigsson ◽  
Honglei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Swedish Twin Registry

AbstractTo examine whether irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was related to the future risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), we conducted a nested case-control study in the Swedish total population including 56,564 PD cases identified from the Swedish Patient Register and 30 controls per case individually matched by sex and year of birth. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for having a prior diagnosis of IBS were estimated using conditional logistic regression. We furthermore conducted a cohort study using the Swedish Twin Registry following 3046 IBS patients identified by self-reported abdominal symptoms and 41,179 non-IBS individuals. Through Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for PD risk. In the nested case-control study, 253 (0.4%) PD cases and 5204 (0.3%) controls had a previous IBS diagnosis. IBS diagnosis was associated with a 44% higher risk of PD (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.27–1.63). Temporal relationship analyses showed 53% and 38% increased risk of PD more than 5 and 10 years after IBS diagnosis, respectively. In the cohort analysis based on the Swedish Twin Registry, there was no statistically significantly increased risk of PD related to IBS (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.87–1.81). Our results suggest a higher risk of PD diagnosis after IBS. These results provide additional evidence supporting the importance of the gut–brain axis in PD.

scholarly journals Parental risk factors for congenital diaphragmatic hernia – a large German case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Schulz ◽  
Ekkehart Jenetzky ◽  
Nadine Zwink ◽  
Charlotte Bendixen ◽  
Florian Kipfmueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Parental Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Evidence for periconceptional or prenatal environmental risk factors for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still scarce. Here, in a case-control study we investigated potential environmental risk factors in 199 CDH patients compared to 597 healthy control newborns. Methods The following data was collected: time of conception and birth, maternal BMI, parental risk factors such as smoking, alcohol or drug intake, use of hairspray, contact to animals and parental chronic diseases. CDH patients were born between 2001 and 2019, all healthy control newborns were born in 2011. Patients and control newborns were matched in the ratio of three to one. Results Presence of CDH was significantly associated with maternal periconceptional alcohol intake (odds ratio = 1.639, 95% confidence interval 1.101–2.440, p = 0.015) and maternal periconceptional use of hairspray (odds ratio = 2.072, 95% confidence interval 1.330–3.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests an association between CDH and periconceptional maternal alcohol intake and periconceptional maternal use of hairspray. Besides the identification of novel and confirmation of previously described parental risk factors, our study underlines the multifactorial background of isolated CDH.

Dose–response association between vitamin D deficiency and atopic dermatitis in children, and effect modification by gender: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amal Ahmed Mohamed ◽  
Eman Mohamed Salah Ahmed ◽  
Youssef M. K. Farag ◽  
Nermeen Ibrahim Bedair ◽  
Nourelhuda Ahmed Nassar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Control Study
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