Update to living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. n2936
Keyword(s):  
Who Guideline

scholarly journals Pathways of China's PM2.5 air quality 2015–2060 in the context of carbon neutrality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Dan Tong ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yu Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Who Guideline

ABSTRACT Clean air policies in China have substantially reduced PM2.5 air pollution in recent years, primarily by curbing end-of-pipe emissions. However, further reaching the WHO guideline may instead depend upon the air quality co-benefits of ambitious climate action. Here, we assess pathways of Chinese PM2.5 air quality from 2015 to 2060 under a combination of scenarios which link Global and China's climate mitigation pathways (i.e. global 2°C- and 1.5°C-pathways, NDC pledges, and carbon neutrality goals) to local clean air policies. We find that China can achieve both its near-term climate goals (peak emissions) and PM2.5 air quality annual standard (35 μg/m3) by 2030 by fulfilling its NDC pledges and continuing air pollution control policies. However, the benefits of end-of-pipe control reductions are mostly exhausted by 2030, and reducing PM2.5 exposure of the majority of the Chinese population to below 10 μg/m3 by 2060 will likely require more ambitious climate mitigation efforts such as China's carbon neutrality goals and global 1.5°C-pathways. Our results thus highlight that China's carbon neutrality goals will play a critical role in reducing air pollution exposure to the WHO guideline and protecting public health.

New WHO Guideline for Treating Chronic Pain in Children

JAMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (11) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Bridget M. Kuehn
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Who Guideline

Pharmacognostical Investigation of Trapa natans L Leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 4680-4684
Author(s):  
Chandana Majee ◽  
Rupa Mazumder ◽  
Alka N. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Trapa Natans ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Who Guideline

Background: Trapa natans L., is annual aquatic plant generally kwon as Water caltrp, Water chest nut belonging to the Trapaceae or Lytraceae family. Trapa natans L is use for the treatment of wide no of diseases without proper standardization. Objective: To give the right pharmacognostical and photochemical information of the Trapanatan L leaves. In this study pharmacognostical investigation of the fresh leaves and powder drug were done to determine the macroscopical, microscopical, quantitative physicochemical and phytochemical property of the drugs. Method: Macroscopical, quantitative and qualitative microscopy, physicochemical evaluation, extractive value, florescence analysis and phytochemical analysis were done according to the WHO guideline. Result: Macroscopical analysis showed that, leaves are greenish to purplish color, rhomboidal shape; alternate, acute, margin is dentate, pinnate venation. Microscopic evaluation showed that leaf is dorsi ventral in nature, upper layer epidermis cells were covered with cuticle layer. Single layer of barrel shape cell were present bellow the upper epidermis layer. Trichomes are generally multicellular. Anomocytic stomata were observed in upper epidermis. From the experiment it was found that methanolic extract give the highest extractive value. Phytochemical analysis gives the evidence for the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, glycoside, steroids, flavonoids, tannin, and triterpenoids. Qualitative phytochemical analysis give the evidence for presence of high amount total phenolic content. Conclusion: Different pharmacognostical parameters assessed in this examination help to detection and standardization of Trapa natans L., leaves.

REVIEW ARTICLE ABOUT PERINATALAND NEONATAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF THE 2019 NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Isra Khalil Mohammed Ali Saeed ◽  
Maha Hussein Mohammed Hamza ◽  
Hiba Hussein Ibrahim ◽  
Esmehan Elkheir Babeker ◽  
Ibrahim Ismail M.Abu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Community Physician ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Who Guideline ◽  
Immature Immune System

An epidemic of new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged in China since December 2019. WHO declared it as a pandemic on March 2020 as it has spread worldwide. Several cases among neonate were observed with rst reported 36 hours after birth. Due to the possibility of the infection and the immature immune system of the neonate there should be preventive and control measures at Neonatal Intensive Care Units. According to WHO guideline and other published articles in COVID-19 in infants and neonate a technical working group including community physician and Pediatricians has put measures for clinical management, prevention and control of COVID-19 in neonates.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria and microcystin contamination in untreated and treated drinking water in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Naa Dzama Addico ◽  
Jörg D. Hardege ◽  
Jiri Kohoutek ◽  
Kweku Amoaku Atta DeGraft-Johnson ◽  
Pavel Babica
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Maximal Concentration ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Treated Drinking Water ◽  
Who Guideline

<p>Although cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins represent a worldwide-occurring phenomenon, there are large differences among different countries in cyanotoxin-related human health risk assessment, management practices and policies. While national standards, guideline values and detailed regulatory frameworks for effective management of cyanotoxin risks have been implemented in many industrialized countries, the extent of cyanobacteria occurrence and cyanotoxin contamination in certain geographical regions is under-reported and not very well understood. Such regions include major parts of tropical West and Central Africa, a region constisting of more than 25 countries occupying an area of 12 million km<sup>2</sup>, with a total population of 500 milion people. Only few studies focusing on cyanotoxin occurrence in this region have been published so far, and reports dealing specifically with cyanotoxin contamination in drinking water are extremely scarce. In this study, we report seasonal data on cyanobacteria and microcystin (MC) contamination in drinking water reservoirs and adjacent treatment plants located in Ghana, West Africa. During January-June 2005, concentrations of MCs were monitored in four treatment plants supplying drinking water to major metropolitan areas in Ghana: the treatment plants Barekese and Owabi, which serve Kumasi Metropolitan Area, and the plants Kpong and Weija, providing water for Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area. HPLC analyses showed that 65% samples of raw water at the intake of the treatment plants contained intracellular MCs (maximal detected concentration was 8.73 µg L<sup>-1</sup>), whereas dissolved toxins were detected in 33% of the samples. Significant reduction of cyanobacterial cell counts and MC concentrations was achieved during the entire monitoring period by the applied conventional water treatment methods (alum flocculation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration and chlorination), and MC concentration in the final treated water never exceeded 1 µg L<sup>-1</sup> (WHO guideline limit for MCs in drinking water). However, cyanobacterial cells (93-3,055 cell mL<sup>-1</sup>) were frequently found in the final treated water and intracellular MCs were detected in 17% of the samples (maximal concentration 0.61 µg L<sup>-1</sup>), while dissolved MCs were present in 14% of the final treated water samples (maximal concentration 0.81 µg L<sup>-1</sup>). It indicates a borderline efficiency of the water treatment, thus MC concentrations in drinking water might exceed the WHO guideline limit if the treatment efficiency gets compromised. In addition, MC concentrations found in the raw water intake might represent significant human health risks for people living in areas with only a limited access to the treated or underground drinking water.</p>

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