scholarly journals Individual free fatty acids have unique associations with inflammatory biomarkers, insulin resistance and insulin secretion in healthy and gestational diabetic pregnant women

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Chen ◽  
T Peter Stein ◽  
Robert A Steer ◽  
Theresa O Scholl
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveWe investigated the relationships of maternal circulating individual free fatty acids (FFA) with insulin resistance, insulin secretion and inflammatory biomarkers during mid-pregnancy.Research design and methodsThe data were drawn from a prospective cohort of generally healthy pregnant women (n=1368, African-American 36%, Hispanic 48%, Caucasian 16%) in Camden, NJ. We quantitatively determined 11 FFAs, seven cytokine/adipokine, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and C-peptide levels from the fasting blood samples that were collected at 16 weeks of gestation. Multivariate analyses were performed along with separate analyses for each individual FFA.ResultsHigh HOMA-IR (p<0.001) and C-peptide (p<0.0001) levels were positively associated with a twofold to fourfold increased risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Negative relationships were found with specific FFAs (molecular percentage, palmitoleic, oleic, linolenic, myristic acids) and HOMA-IR and C-peptide levels (p<0.01 to p<0.0001). In contrast, palmitic, stearic, arachidonic, dihomo-γ-linolenic (DGLA) and docosahexaenoic acids were positively associated with HOMA-IR and C-peptide (p<0.01 to p<0.0001). The individual FFAs also predicted cytokine/adipokine levels. For example, women who had elevated DGLA (highest quartile) were twice as (adjusted OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.98) likely to have higher interleukin (IL)-8 (p<0.0001) levels. Conversely, women with high palmitoleic, oleic, and linolenic acid levels had reduced odds (≥2-fold, p<0.01 to p<0.001) for having higher IL-8, IL-6 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels.ConclusionOur results suggest that maternal individual FFAs uniquely affect insulin resistance and secretion. The effects are either direct or indirect via modulation of the inflammatory response. Modifying the composition of FFAs may help in reducing the risk of GDM.

Lipid and lipoprotein profile in women with polycystic ovary syndromeThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the special issue Bridging the Gap: Where Progress in Cardiovascular and Neurophysiologic Research Meet.

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djuro Macut ◽  
Dimitrios Panidis ◽  
Biljana Glišić ◽  
Nikolaos Spanos ◽  
Milan Petakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Increased Risk

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by obesity-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The objective of our study was to determine values of key lipid and lipoprotein fractions in PCOS, and their possible relation to insulin resistance. A total of 75 women with PCOS (aged 23.1 ± 5.1 years, BMI 24.9 ± 4.7 kg/m2), and 56 age- and BMI-matched controls were investigated. In all subjects, basal glucose, cholesterol (total, HDL, and LDL), oxidized LDL (OxLDL), triglycerides, apolipoprotein (apo)A1, apoB, and apoE, nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, and free androgen index were determined in the follicular phase of the cycle. PCOS patients compared with controls had increased indices of insulin resistance, basal insulin (p < 0.001), and HOMA index (p < 0.001), and worsened insulin resistance-related dyslipidemia with decreased HDL cholesterol (p < 0.01), elevated triglycerides (p = 0.010), and pronounced LDL oxidation (p < 0.001). In conclusion, characteristic dyslipidemia of insulin resistance and unfavorable proatherogenic lipoprotein ratios were present only in women with PCOS and not in controls. Elevated OxLDL and the relation of apoE and nonesterified fatty acids with insulin resistance suggest that women with PCOS are at increased risk for premature atherosclerosis.

Free Fatty Acids–Mediated Inflammation and Insulin Resistance/Insulin Production in Healthy and Gestational Diabetes Pregnant Women

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 225-OR
Author(s):  
XINHUA CHEN ◽  
THOMAS P. STEIN ◽  
THERESA O. SCHOLL ◽  
ROBERT A. STEER
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Insulin Production

scholarly journals Correlation of maternal serum fetuin/alpha2-HS-glycoprotein concentration with maternal insulin resistance and anthropometric parameters of neonates in normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes

2002 ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kalabay ◽  
K Cseh ◽  
A Pajor ◽  
E Baranyi ◽  
GM Csakany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Glucose Ratio

OBJECTIVE: Human fetuin/alpha(2)-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) is a 49 kDa serum and tissue protein which is a natural inhibitor of insulin receptor signaling. We investigated serum AHSG levels during pregnancy and whether the protein is involved in insulin resistance observed in healthy pregnant women and patients with gestational diabetes. DESIGN: One hundred and four healthy pregnant women and 23 of their neonates, 30 patients with gestational diabetes and their neonates and 30 healthy age-matched non-pregnant females as a control group were investigated in a case-control cross-sectional study. METHODS: Serum AHSG was determined by radial immunodiffusion. RESULTS: We observed an increase of serum AHSG concentration in the second and third trimesters. Gestational diabetes patients had significantly higher AHSG levels than healthy pregnant women and non-pregnant controls. There was a highly significant positive correlation between serum AHSG concentration and indirect parameters of insulin resistance, i.e. tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), leptin, C-peptide and C-peptide/blood glucose ratio. There was also a negative correlation between maternal AHSG, TNF-alpha, leptin levels and head circumference, body length and body weight of newborns. CONCLUSION: AHSG, TNF-alpha and leptin may contribute to insulin resistance during normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes. AHSG along with these cytokines may also negatively regulate neonatal skeletal development.

scholarly journals Circulating Plasma Free Fatty Acids, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Markers in Obese Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595-1600
Author(s):  
Moushira Zaki ◽  
Jihan Hussein ◽  
Amr M.M. Ibrahim ◽  
Eman R. Youness
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives:Elevation of free fatty acids (FFAs) in serum is an importantrisk factor for metabolic changes.Conversely, the relationship between obesity and metabolic abnormalities, and FFAsis not yet completely understood.Thus,we aimed in this study to explore the relationship and the association between insulin resistance (IR), metabolic markers and the variation inplasmaFFAs among the obese women. Methods:This study included fifty obese women aged 25–35 years and has insulin resistance (IR)in addition to fifty age-matched healthy normal weightwomen served as control group.Blood was withdrawn after twelve hours fasting;fasting blood glucose, lipidsand plasma insulinwere estimated;IR was assessedvia the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).Fatty acids in plasma were measured by HPLC using UV detector that was set at 200 nm.Indeed, anthropometric measurements was performed . Results:Lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, oleic acids (OA), linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA) and anthropometric measurements were significantly increased in IR women compared to control. Whereas, the mean value levels of alpha-linolenicacid(ALA)was significantly decreased in IR women compare to controls. Conclusion:lower plasma levels of ALA and higher levels of AA, OA, LA were significantly associated with risk of IR and metabolic disorder markers in obese women.These results might explain the positive benefits of foods rich with poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).Obesity and IR may be associated with the alterations in composition of the circulating fatty acid.These findings underscore the potential role of PUFA in the metabolic syndrome pathogenesis.

THE EFFECT OF RITODRINE ON CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN NORMAL AND DIABETIC PREGNANT WOMEN

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan Lenz ◽  
Claus Kühl ◽  
Palle Wang ◽  
Lars Mølsted-Pedersen ◽  
Hans Orskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class B

ABSTRACT The metabolic effects of a one hour intravenous infusion of the β-2-receptor stimulating drug ritodrine were studied in seven normal pregnant women, three White class A pregnant diabetics and eight White class B-D pregnant diabetics. During ritodrine infusion all subjects in the three groups exhibited increases in plasma glucose (1.0, 1.6 and 2.1 mmol/l respectively), free fatty acids (360, 850 and 1150 μmol/l), lactate (0.43, 0.80 and 0.86 mmol/l) and β-hydroxybutyrate and decreases in standard bicarbonate. The rise in plasma glucose, free fatty acids and lactate was more pronounced in insulin treated diabetic. The rises in β-hydroxybutyrate and decreases in standard bicarbonate were of the same magnitude in all three groups. Plasma potassium fell in all subjects, whereas no detectable changes in plasma sodium were observed. The endocrine pancreatic function was assessed by measuring plasma insulin (White class A and normals), C-peptide (White class B-D) and glucagon (all subjects). Plasma insulin increased in normals (22 μIU/ml) and White class A diabetics (33 μIU/ml), whereas plasma C-peptide of the insulin treated patients (White class B-D) were below measurable concentrations. Plasma glucagon and cortisol concentrations were not influenced by ritodrine. The results suggest that the diabetogenic changes induced by ritodrine are augmented with the severity of diabetes but not ascribable to a diabetes-like change in the function of the endocrine pancreas.

scholarly journals Cardiac Diastolic Evaluation in Pregnant Women with Abnormal Glucose Tolerance: An Opportunity to Detect the Early and Subclinical Alterations and Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pintaudi ◽  
G. Di Vieste ◽  
F. Corrado ◽  
M. F. Creazzo ◽  
A. Fazio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives of this study were to assess diastolic function in pregnant women with abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) women, and to evaluate the insulin resistance status and its association with Doppler-echocardiographic indexes. Echocardiograms of 108 consecutive Caucasian women with singleton pregnancies were performed. Insulin resistance status was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). All the studied women showed normal diastolic patterns. Patients with AGT (50.9%), as compared with NGT women, had higher HOMA-IR (1.70±1.30versus1.01±0.81,P=0.003), lower QUICKI (0.36±0.005versus0.40±0.06,P=0.004), higher lateral mitral annulus late diastolic velocity (13.6±4.9versus11.9±4.9,P=0.03), and higher A-wave velocity, the wave responsible for the active atrial contraction component (75.2±14.2versus67.7±16.2,P=0.01). At multivariate regression analysis HOMA-IR was the only parameter associated with A-wave velocity. In conclusion, women with AGT had an increased subclinical diastolic active participation, which is associated with higher levels of insulin resistance. For the increased risk of deterioration of cardiac diastolic function, earlier and more seriously than normal pregnancy, AGT women may have a careful followup to detect the early signs of cardiac alteration and to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Distribution of Fasting Plasma Insulin, Free Fatty Acids, and Glucose Concentrations and of Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance in a Representative Sample of Quebec Children and Adolescents

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Allard ◽  
Edgard E Delvin ◽  
Gilles Paradis ◽  
James A Hanley ◽  
Jennifer O’Loughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Fasting Plasma Insulin

Abstract Background: Plasma fasting insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are markers of IR, which, at least in part, mediates the relation of obesity to increased cardiovascular risk. Increased free fatty acids (FFAs) may be involved in the pathogenesis of IR. Our objectives were to describe the distributions of fasting plasma insulin, glucose, and FFAs and HOMA-IR in youth and to assess the relationship between FFAs and markers of IR. Methods: Fasting plasma insulin, glucose, and FFAs were measured in a representative sample of Quebec youth comprising 2244 individuals 9, 13, and 16 years of age. Results: In all age and sex groups, glucose exhibited remarkably tight distributions (median CV, 7.1%) in contrast to insulin, HOMA-IR, and FFAs (median CVs, 52%, 54% and 45%, respectively). For every percentile examined, 9-year-olds had lower insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR values than 13- and 16-year-olds. We observed strong correlations between insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR values, as well as close similarity in their rankings of individuals. The mean concentrations of glucose were higher in our population than in other Caucasian pediatric populations. No positive correlations were detected between FFAs and markers of IR. Conclusions: We report some of the first data on the distributions of fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR, and FFAs from a representative sample of youth. HOMA-IR does not appear more informative than fasting insulin as a marker of IR. Our findings on higher mean glucose concentrations in this population require confirmation in other representative samples of youth to assess whether the North American distribution of glucose concentrations is shifting positively.

scholarly journals Glucose Metabolism in the First 3 Years after Renal Transplantation in Patients Receiving Tacrolimus versus Cyclosporine-Based Immunosuppression

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Elly M. van Duijnhoven ◽  
Maarten H. L. Christiaans ◽  
Johannes M. M. Boots ◽  
Fred H. M. Nieman ◽  
Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
C Peptide

ABSTRACT. The long-term effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on pancreatic islet cell function in renal transplant recipients are unclear. Therefore, a prospective, randomized, longitudinal study was performed that compared glucose metabolism in adult kidney allograft recipients on tacrolimus versus cyclosporine-based immunosuppression. Twenty-three white renal allograft recipients, randomized for either therapy with cyclosporine or tacrolimus, underwent intravenous glucose tolerance tests 6 times during the first 3 yr after transplantation. Concomitant therapy (low-dose steroids and azathioprine) was the same in both groups. Insulin sensitivity index (kG), insulin resistance (insulin/glucose ratio and homeostasis model assessment), and C-peptide and insulin secretion were calculated. Trough levels of tacrolimus and cyclosporine were measured. The occurrence of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus was prospectively monitored. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA for repeated measures, and parametric and nonparametric tests were also performed. Although only one patient treated with cyclosporine developed posttransplantation diabetes mellitus, kG levels were below normal in up to one-third of both patients who received tacrolimus and cyclosporine. The only significant difference between patients who received tacrolimus and those who received cyclosporine was in pancreatic secretion capacity at week 3 after transplantation, when the increment of C-peptide secretion was 57% lower and the increment of insulin secretion was 48% lower for patients receiving tacrolimus. In both groups, from week 3 to month 6, there was a tendency toward an increase in kG, despite a significant increase in fasting glucose and insulin resistance calculated by homeostasis model assessment. After month 6, there were no significant changes in any of the parameters of glucose metabolism, indicating that long-term use of either tacrolimus or cyclosporine does not cause chronic, cumulative pancreatic toxicity.

scholarly journals Fat Quantity and Quality, as Part of a Low-Fat, Vegan Diet, Are Associated with Changes in Body Composition, Insulin Resistance, and Insulin Secretion. A 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Kahleova ◽  
Adela Hlozkova ◽  
Rebecca Fleeman ◽  
Katie Fletcher ◽  
Richard Holubkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat

Macronutrient composition of the diet influences the development of obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the role of dietary fat quantity and fatty acid composition in body composition, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion. An open parallel randomized trial design was used. Overweight participants (n = 75) were randomized to follow a low-fat vegan (n = 38) or control diet (n = 37) for 16 weeks. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition. Insulin resistance was assessed with the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) index. Insulin secretion was assessed after stimulation with a liquid breakfast (Boost Plus, Nestle, Vevey, Switzerland). Self-reported 3-day diet records were used to assess dietary intake. A linear regression model was used to test the relationship between fat intake and body composition, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion. Changes in fat intake expressed as percent of total energy consumed correlated positively with changes in fat mass (r = 0.52; p < 0.001; and 0.347; p = 0.006, respectively), even after adjustment for changes in body-mass index (BMI) and energy intake (0.33; p = 0.01). Decreased intakes of C18:0 (r = 0.37, p = 0.004) and CLA-trans-10-cis12 (r = 0.40, p = 0.002), but increased intake of C18:2 (r = −0.40, p = 0.002) and C18:3 (p = −0.36, p = 0.006), were associated with a decrease in HOMA-IR, independent on changes in BMI and energy intake. The main fatty acids associated with changes in fasting insulin secretion were C12:0 (r = −0.31, p = 0.03), and TRANS 16:1 (r = −0.33, p = 0.02), both independent on changes in BMI and energy intake. Our findings demonstrate that, in the context of a low-fat vegan diet, decreased intake of saturated and trans fats and increased relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic and α-linolenic acids, are associated with decreased fat mass and insulin resistance, and enhanced insulin secretion.

scholarly journals Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor and free fatty acids in diagnosis of insulin resistance in patients with myocardial infarction

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Viktorovna Gruzdeva ◽  
Olga Leonidovna Barbarash ◽  
Olga Evgen'evna Akbasheva ◽  
Tatiana Sergeevna Fedorova ◽  
Elena Ivanovna Palicheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Activator Inhibitor

Aim. Evaluation of the dynamics of the markers of insulin resistance in patients with myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation with andwithout type 2 diabetes mellitus in the acute and early recovery period of the disease. Materials and methods. The study included 95 patients with myocardial infarction and 60 patients with myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes.The control group consisted of 30 persons. We all studied at 1 st and 12 th day of myocardial infarction was determined by the content of free fattyacids, glucose, C-peptide, insulin in serum and plasminogen activator inhibitor in blood plasma. In addition, the 12 th day was determined postprandialglycemic, insulin and C-peptide 2h after a standard carbohydrate breakfast. Results. It is established that during myocardial infarction accompanied by the development of insulin resistance, characterized by postprandialglycemia and insulinemia, as well as the presence of elevated levels of free fatty acids, plasminogen activator inhibitor. Conclusion. The definition of metabolic markers of insulin resistance may be of great predictive capacity for assessing the risk of both acute coronaryevents and select tactics to further treatment

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document