scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of loss of life expectancy at different ages related to firearm deaths among black and white Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindu Kalesan ◽  
Mrithyunjay A Vyliparambil ◽  
Yi Zuo ◽  
Jeffrey J Siracuse ◽  
Jeffrey A Fagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Firearm Injury ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Prevention Programmes

Understanding the life years lost by assault and suicide due to firearms among white and black Americans can help us understand the race-specific and intent-specific firearm mortality burden and inform prevention programmes. The objective was to assess national and race-specific life expectancy loss related to firearms in the USA due to assault and suicide. We used firearm mortality data available from Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research to calculate the life expectancy loss between 2000 and 2016 separately for assaults and suicides among white and black Americans. The total national life expectancy loss due to firearms was 2.48 (2.23 whites, 4.14 blacks) years. The total life expectancy loss in years due to firearm assault was 0.95 (0.51 whites, 3.41 blacks) and suicide was 1.43 (1.62 whites, 0.60 blacks), respectively. Firearm life expectancy loss in years at birth, 20, 40 and 60 years of age was 0.29 (0.22 whites, 0.56 blacks), 0.25 (0.21 whites, 0.47 blacks), 0.09 (0.10 whites, 0.08 blacks) and 0.03 (0.03 whites, 0.01 blacks) years. National firearm life expectancy loss in days from 20 to 60 years declined by 79.5 (65.8 whites, 166.3 blacks); for assault by 37.5 (18.9 whites, 141.0 blacks) and suicides by 38.7 (43.9 whites, 20.3 blacks). Americans lose substantial years of life due to firearm injury. This loss in life years is characterised by a large racial gap by age and intent. Tailored prevention programmes are needed to reduce this loss and lessen the racial gaps.

scholarly journals Cancer Screening of Older Adults in Israel According to Life Expectancy: Cross Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2539-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronen Bareket ◽  
Mara A. Schonberg ◽  
Doron Comaneshter ◽  
Yochai Schonmann ◽  
Michal Shani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals The Contribution of Avoidable Mortality to the Life Expectancy Gains in Korea between 1998 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6499
Author(s):  
Jinwook Bahk ◽  
Kyunghee Jung-Choi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Avoidable Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Factors

This study evaluated the contribution of avoidable causes of death to gains in life expectancy between 1998 and 2017 in Korea. This is a multi-year, cross-sectional study using national data. Death certificate data from 1998 to 2017 were obtained from Statistics Korea. The difference in life expectancy between 1998 and 2017 by age and cause of death were decomposed using Arriaga’s method. Life expectancy rose 7.73 years over 20 years in Korea, which was largely (more than 50%) due to changes in avoidable causes of death. As age increased, the contribution to changes in life expectancy increased, and the gain in life expectancy due to avoidable causes also tended to increase. The major factors that drove that gain in life expectancy were avoidable causes such as cerebrovascular diseases and traffic accidents. The gain in life expectancy from preventable diseases was greater in men than in women. The results of this study indicate that active public health programs have been effective in improving life expectancy in Korea. Moreover, avoidable mortality could be further improved with good public health policy. Health policy aimed at reducing amenable and preventable deaths should be further implemented to promote population health.

scholarly journals Health Status of Old Age Population in Bulgaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Mariana Mourgova
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Healthy Life Years ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Different Levels

This article examines the health status of the population in Bulgaria at age 65 by gender during the period 2006-2014. The health status is examined by some of the most frequently used demographic indicators, namely life expectancy, based on mortality data and healthy life years and healthy life expectancy, based on mortality, life expectancy and self-perceived health. The main results show that despite of the observed increase in life expectancy at age 65 in Bulgaria during the period it is the lowest compared to other European countries. The share for both men and women reported their health status as without limitations in respect to daily activities decline, while those reported their health status as good increase. These contradictory facts reflect on the measures of health status. Thus, the trend in healthy life years for both sexes decline over the period, whereas the trend in healthy life expectancy increases. Compared with the other European countries, the expected number of years without limitations in Bulgaria is among the largest, while the healthy life expectancy is the lowest. These differences could be explained by the different levels in mortality and the nature of the measures of health status themselves.

scholarly journals Health Status of Old Age Population in Bulgaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Mariana Mourgova
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Healthy Life Years ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Different Levels

This article examines the health status of the population in Bulgaria at age 65 by gender during the period 2006-2014. The health status is examined by some of the most frequently used demographic indicators, namely life expectancy, based on mortality data and healthy life years and healthy life expectancy, based on mortality, life expectancy and self-perceived health. The main results show that despite of the observed increase in life expectancy at age 65 in Bulgaria during the period it is the lowest compared to other European countries. The share for both men and women reported their health status as without limitations in respect to daily activities decline, while those reported their health status as good increase. These contradictory facts reflect on the measures of health status. Thus, the trend in healthy life years for both sexes decline over the period, whereas the trend in healthy life expectancy increases. Compared with the other European countries, the expected number of years without limitations in Bulgaria is among the largest, while the healthy life expectancy is the lowest. These differences could be explained by the different levels in mortality and the nature of the measures of health status themselves.

Assessment of Community Pharmacists Knowledge on dispensing of Antimicrobial drugs and Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance in Community practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmed ◽  
Mohanta GP ◽  
Bhagat MP
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prevention Programmes

The antimicrobial resistance has more impact on the health care division which would increase the mortality and hospital readmission duration. Our objective is to assess the community pharmacist’s knowledge on dispensing of antimicrobial drugs and prevention of antimicrobial resistance in community practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted for six months. A sample size of 150 registered community pharmacists participated in the study. We have used simple random techniques to select the community pharmacists. Questionnaire were distributed to the community pharmacists at pre and post visits and the response was analyzed. The collected data was analyzed using graph pad prism software. The mean and standard deviation was calculated and P<0.005 was considered to be statistically significant. For 25-30 years of age , community pharmacists were more 68 (45.33%) as compared to other ages. Pre visit before and after average mean antimicrobial resistance score was found to be 4.87. Proper implementation of antimicrobial resistance prevention programmes would drastically increases the rational use of antimicrobials could and minimizes the health care cost.

scholarly journals Health at the ballot box: disease threat does not predict attractiveness preference in British politicians

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 160049
Author(s):  
Gustav Nilsonne ◽  
Adam Renberg ◽  
Sandra Tamm ◽  
Mats Lekander
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Adaptive Behaviours ◽  
The Uk

According to disease avoidance theory, selective pressures have shaped adaptive behaviours to avoid people who might transmit infections. Such behavioural immune defence strategies may have social and societal consequences. Attractiveness is perceived as a heuristic cue of good health, and the relative importance of attractiveness is predicted to increase during high disease threat. Here, we investigated whether politicians' attractiveness is more important for electoral success when disease threat is high, in an effort to replicate earlier findings from the USA. We performed a cross-sectional study of 484 members of the House of Commons from England and Wales. Publicly available sexiness ratings (median 5883 ratings/politician) were regressed on measures of disease burden, operationalized as infant mortality, life expectancy and self-rated health. Infant mortality in parliamentary constituencies did not significantly predict sexiness of elected members of parliament ( p  = 0.08), nor did life expectancy ( p  = 0.06), nor self-rated health ( p  = 0.55). Subsample analyses failed to provide further support for the hypothesis. In conclusion, an attractive leader effect was not amplified by disease threat in the UK and these results did not replicate those of earlier studies from the USA concerning the relationship between attractiveness, disease threat and voting preference.

scholarly journals Medico-legal Study of Suspected Homicide Cases in a Teaching Hospital in Eastern Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Karn ◽  
S Jha ◽  
BK Yadav ◽  
D Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Firearm Injury ◽  
Firearm Injuries ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
The Government

Introduction: Homicide means killing of one human being as a result of conduct of another human being. This study of medico-legal and epidemiological details of homicidal cases would help in enhancement of various stakeholders in law enforcing agencies with the view to benefit the process of scientific crime detection and proper administration of justice at large. Objective: To identify the various medico-legal and epidemiological factors involved in homicide. Materials and method: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in fatal homicide victims brought for medico-legal autopsy in BPKIHS, during the period of 15th April 2009 to 14th July 2010.Data were collected using pre tested questionnaire by direct interview to the visitors of victim, information from the police record along with postmortem examination of the victim. Results: Out of the total 50 cases, the ratio of male to female victim was 4:1. More than half of the victims were of age 21-40 years (52%). More of the homicide victims were of rural areas (56%) and illiterate (32%). Injuries by sharp weapon were most common cause of death (36%) very closely followed by firearm injuries (34%). Most of the victim remained totally deprived of any medical help (60%). Conclusion: The homicide victims in eastern Nepal constituted illiterate adult male from rural area a dominant group. Sharp weapons were commonly employed in this region for homicide. Fatality of the victim can be highly minimized if medical and surgical interventions are be promptly prearranged. Proper counselling for developing positive attitude and controlling the aggression in youth have to be Promoted at large by the government. Keywords: Homicide; Medico-legal; sharp weapon injury; firearm injury DOI: 10.3126/hren.v9i1.4356Health Renaissance, 2011: Vol.9 No.1:15-19

The Importance of the Political and the Social in Explaining Mortality Differentials among the Countries of the OECD, 1950–1998

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Navarro ◽  
Carme Borrell ◽  
Joan Benach ◽  
Carles Muntaner ◽  
Agueda Quiroga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Political Variables

This article analyzes (within the conceptual frame defined in the previous article) the impact of political variables such as time of government by political parties (social democratic, Christian democratic or conservative, liberal, and ex-dictatorial that have governed the OECD countries during the 1950–1998 period) and their electoral support on (1) redistributional policies in the labor market and in the welfare state; (2) the income inequalities measured by Theil and Gini indexes; and (3) health indicators, such as infant mortality and life expectancy. This analysis is carried out statistically by a bivariate and a multivariate analysis (a pooled cross-sectional study). Both analyses show that political variables play an important role in defining how public and social policies determine the levels of inequalities and affect the level of infant mortality. In general, political parties more committed to redistributional policies, such as social democratic parties, are the most successful in reducing inequalities and improving infant mortality. Less evidence exists, however, on effects on life expectancy. The article also quantifies statistically the relationship between the political and the policy variables and between these variables and the dependent variables—that is, the health indicators.

scholarly journals Dhaka city drivers’ community knowledge, attitude and practice on water, sanitation and hygiene and associated factors: a descriptive cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Yahya F. S. M. ◽  
Islam M. Shamsal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Radio Programs ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is to consider the first step to improving the public health of urban people. Primary health-related risk factors are largely induced by urban people's daily WASH practice and this is the leading cause of mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) globally. About 28% of Bangladeshi people are living in urban areas and the megacity Dhaka accounts for around 40% of the urban population. In this explanatory research, we explored the knowledge, attitude and practice on WASH and associated factors of drivers’ communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Methods: The study was an observational descriptive cross-sectional study and both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The study was conducted between 03 September 2020, and 28 February 2021. A total of 109 drivers, 8 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 8 key informant interviews (KIIs) were also conducted.Results: The vast majority of drivers were middle age and a few were younger. The vast majority of drivers were experienced and the current job duration was about 7.94±8.33 years. The majority of drivers usually passed leisure time by playing ludo, chess, carrom, cards, chatting online on Facebook (FB), watching the drama on YouTube, watching television (TV), hearing radio programs and gossiping with colleagues. Two-third of the drivers disposing of food waste in the dustbin, and one-third kept inside the vehicle aiming to dispose of it dustbin although some of them throw it into the street.Conclusions: Study findings suggested that there is a need to create WASH facilities and intensive campaigns on hygiene and sanitation to create awareness among aged drivers to practice health and hygiene during duty hours. 

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