scholarly journals Initiative for Promoting Affordable and Quality Tuberculosis Tests (IPAQT): a market-shaping intervention in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e001539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harkesh Dabas ◽  
Sarang Deo ◽  
Manisha Sabharwal ◽  
Arnab Pal ◽  
Sachin Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
High Volume ◽  
High Price ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Market Shaping

A majority of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in India are diagnosed and treated in the private sector. Yet, most private providers do not use most recent WHO-endorsed microbiological tests such as liquid cultures, line probe assays and Xpert MTB/RIF due to a combination of factors such as lack of awareness, misaligned incentives and high prices that are unaffordable for patients. We designed a market-based approach to transform a high-price, low-volume market equilibrium into a low-price, high-volume equilibrium to improve the uptake of these tests. Toward this end, a non-profit consortium of private laboratories, called Initiative for Promoting Affordable and Quality Tuberculosis Tests (IPAQT) was formed in India in March 2013. It negotiated lower pricing on equipment and reagents with manufacturers, closer to that offered to the public sector. In return, IPAQT assured that this discount was passed on to patients, who typically paid for these tests out of their pockets, through an informally agreed on retail ceiling price. IPAQT also invested in demand generation activities that complemented the supply-side effort. IPAQT membership grew from 56 laboratories in 2013 to 211 in 2018. During this period, the initiative resulted in a 10-fold increase in the uptake of Xpert and a 30%–50% reduction in price. This initiative is planned to be expanded to other South Asian countries with similar TB epidemic and private market structure and dynamics. However, long-term sustainability of the initiative would require developing more cost-effective marketing activities and integration with broader private sector engagement agenda of the national TB programme.

MPA Graduates and the Dilemma of Job Satisfaction: Does Crossing the Sector Line Make a Difference

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrie E. Blunt ◽  
Kris Anne Spring
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Employment ◽  
State Regional

This study examines levels of job satisfaction for MPA graduates employed in the public, private, and non-profit sectors. Findings are based on a survey and indicate that MPA graduates derive greater satisfaction with pay and promotion opportunities in the private sector than in the public or non-profit sectors. No significant differences were noted between the sectors with regard to work satisfaction or satisfaction with supervisor or co-workers. Further, no differences in levels of satisfaction were noted between four categories of public sector employment; federal, state, regional, or local.

No Rest for the Wicked

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Koch ◽  
Davide Christian Orazi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Drink ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
The Public ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Societal Welfare ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Systematic Framework

Wicked consumption behavior, namely the inflated consumption of unhealthy commodities such as tobacco and soft drinks, constitutes a leading risk for noncommunicable diseases including cancer and diabetes. Despite the fatal impact of wicked consumption on societal welfare, both the social marketing literature and the public policy literature lack a systematic framework capturing the unfolding of the wicked consumption cycle and providing guidance on when and how to intervene upstream. Drawing on historical data on tobacco and soft drink consumption in the U.S., we propose a four-stage epidemic life cycle of wicked consumer behavior. The biological and habitual factors that make different types of wicked consumption appealing to consumers are reinforced by the marketing activities of the manufacturers. To overcome the strong resistance posed by habitual wicked consumption, we articulate a typology of upstream intervention parameters and provide guidance on when and how to intervene depending on the desired long-term equilibrium.

Preservation of Recorded Information in Public and Private Sector Organizations

2019 ◽  
pp. 1537-1555
Author(s):  
Nathan Mwakoshi Mnjama
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Electronic Records ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organizational Resource ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The long-term preservation and accessibility of business records is often not accorded the attention that it deserves. Yet, records are a major organizational resource needed to support the current business of the organization as well as retaining the verifiable evidence of an organization's past programmes and activities. Records also serve as tools of accountability, transparency and good governance and provide reliable evidence in organizations' transactions and activities. The long-term preservation of records ensures that the organization is protected against costly litigation and that its interests and those of its employees are protected. This chapter lays emphasis on the need to preserve organizational records, the challenges facing preservation activities in the public and private sector organizations, the challenges of managing and preserving electronic records and proposes strategies for addressing these challenges.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENERAPAN PSAK NO. 45 (REVISI 2011) TENTANG PELAPORAN KEUANGAN ENTITAS NIRLABA PADA YAYASAN LEMBAGA KONSUMEN INDONESIA (YLKI)

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Amalia Bumulo ◽  
Grace B. Mogi ◽  
Harijanto Sabijono
Keyword(s):  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
True State ◽  
Statement Of Cash Flows

Foundation is one form of a non-profit entity that aims to provide services to the public community without seeking advantage in carrying out its activities. The legal form of the foundation is often used as a shield to enrich the Founders, the Controllers, and the Directors. To minimize this, and in order to implement the principles of transparency and accountability to the public, the foundation should do the publication of its financial statements in accordance with the current SAK in Indonesia, the PSAK No. 45 (Revised 2011). The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial statements of the Indonesian Consumers Organization in accordance with PSAK No. 45 (Revised 2011). In this study, the author analyzed the data by collecting, interpreting, and analyzing it to produce conclusions about the true state, then compare it with PSAK No. 45 (Revised 2011). Based on the analysis and evaluation can be concluded that: (1) In the statement of financial position, there is no separation between current liabilities and long term liabilities. Also there is a mismatch use of the term "aktiva bersih" and "aset bersih" that should have been presented with the term "aset neto". (2) In the statement of activities, there is a mismatch use of the term "aktiva bersih" and "aset bersih" that should be presented with the term "aset neto". (3) In the statement of cash flows, there is still a mismatch use of the term "arus kas bersih" which is supposed to be served with the term "arus kas neto". (4) Notes to the financial statements are in accordance with PSAK No. 45 (Revised 2011).

Internal Marketing for the Established Audiology Practice

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Internal Marketing ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Client Group ◽  
Marketing Activities

There has been a dramatic increase in the number of audiologists providing direct services to people with hearing impairments in both private practice and institutional settings. Marketing has become—or should become— an important part in the planning and management of any audiology practice. This paper outlines several marketing activities aimed at a practice's present client group. This population, or market segment, is the most cost-effective and responsive market segment available. Many of the marketing activities described also represent long-term quality care.

Preservation of Recorded Information in Public and Private Sector Organizations

2017 ◽  
pp. 149-167
Author(s):  
Nathan Mwakoshi Mnjama
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Electronic Records ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organizational Resource ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The long-term preservation and accessibility of business records is often not accorded the attention that it deserves. Yet, records are a major organizational resource needed to support the current business of the organization as well as retaining the verifiable evidence of an organization's past programmes and activities. Records also serve as tools of accountability, transparency and good governance and provide reliable evidence in organizations' transactions and activities. The long-term preservation of records ensures that the organization is protected against costly litigation and that its interests and those of its employees are protected. This chapter lays emphasis on the need to preserve organizational records, the challenges facing preservation activities in the public and private sector organizations, the challenges of managing and preserving electronic records and proposes strategies for addressing these challenges.

Peace and the private sector: Northern Ireland’s regional experience of globalised trends

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Hayward ◽  
Eoin Magennis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
State Level ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sustainable Peace

Chapter nine explores the role of NGOs in assessing business and the private sector in promoting peace in Northern Ireland. Analyses of Northern Ireland’s peace process tend to concentrate on the public or non-profit sector. The role of the private sector has been more or less ignored. The lack of scholarly focus may reflect the traditional gap in comprehension and cooperation between business and peace. This, however, is changing. Liberal IR assumptions about the spillover effects of economic development have morphed into analysis of the potential for globalisation to improve international connections, thus making the recourse to violence less likely. At a sub-state level, the same liberal premises are present in the concept of business-based peacebuilding, which identifies a natural complementarity between the objectives of private sector actors and the maintenance of a stable, sustainable peace.

Yoga and Healthcare in the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Mason ◽  
Nicole Schnackenberg ◽  
Robin Monro
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Yoga Therapy ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Regional Hospitals

Abstract The emergence of yoga therapy in the United Kingdom began about 45 years ago with the emergence of yoga therapy organizations that offered both treatment and training. The integration of yoga into the National Health Service (NHS) is gradually happening Because: (a) yoga research supports its efficacy as a cost-effective, preventive and complementary treatment for a host of non-communicable diseases; and (b) the escalating economic burden of long-term conditions is overwhelming the NHS. The NHS is actively developing ‘sustainability and transformation plans’ that include yoga. Chief among these is ‘social prescribing,’ which empowers patients with complex health needs through activities groups. These activities reduce sedentary habits and social isolation, while helping patients to be more self-reliant. The NHS has allocated £450 million in funding to implement a variety of programs for its own staff, in which staff yoga classes were expressly mentioned. The yoga community is mobilizing forces and applying for funding to pilot relevant NHS staff yoga courses that can support the service in achieving its vision. Research shows that integrating yoga therapy for the treatment of low back pain (LBP) into the NHS would result in significant cost savings as compared with usual care. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guidelines on LBP and sciatica include yoga as one of the recommended treatments for these conditions. Three groups of yoga teachers, using different yoga practices, have gained traction with the NHS for the application of yoga therapy to LBP. Many regional hospitals in England have yoga classes. The NHS Choices website, which conveys information to the public regarding treatment options, has a page dedicated to the health benefits of yoga. Several institutions offer comprehensive training programs in yoga therapy and yoga therapy is recognized as an official profession. The Yoga in Healthcare Alliance has been established to help integrate yoga therapy into the NHS. This consists of parliamentarians, leaders in the NHS, yoga researchers, health professionals, and representatives from leading yoga organizations.

Wastewater biosolids as an environmentally sustainable resource: Keys to success

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. LeBlanc ◽  
Conrad J. Allain ◽  
Peter J. Laughton
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Meaningful Communication

The paper traces the success of a large Canadian wastewater utility that has dealt with the issue of biosolids management and recycling to the extent that it now has more demand for its biosolids than it produces. The Greater Moncton Sewerage Commission's (GMSC) problem is not one of disposing of biosolids, but one of determining which product and uses will be best for the environment as well as being most sustainable and cost effective in the long term. Wastewater treatment and the management of the sludge or biosolids produced are global issues, with growing challenges, that must address the concerns of all of the stakeholders, including the facility administrators and operators, regulators and elected officials, the scientific community, wastewater generators, taxpayers and the general public. The failure to take into consideration the concerns of all of the stakeholders including the lack of meaningful communication with the public has resulted in predictable but preventable problems, including the banning of scientifically acceptable biosolids recycling options in different countries. Consequently, a successful and viable wastewater treatment and biosolids recycling management plan requires a "big picture" view and a sustainable approach, which takes into consideration the concerns of all stakeholders. The paper will deal with key issues to the success of an environmentally sustainable biosolids management programme.

The influence of the main financial resources of non-profit sport organisations on their strategy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Honcová
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Strategic Process ◽  
Different Types

Non-profit organisations play a critical role in many societies because they fulfill the needs in areas that are not covered by the public or private sector. The primary purpose of all non-profit organisations is not generating income and, in most cases, the income from their own activities is not enough to survive. Therefore, they are forced to look for additional ways of funding and are dependent on them. These types of financial resources can be divided into two main groups – internal and external resources. Income from own activities and member-ship fees can be an example of internal resources. Subsidies from the state or municipalities, sponsorship money, and donations are part of organisations’ external resources. The main aim of this paper is to reveal the influence of different types of financial resources of non-profit sport organisations on their strategy. The article applies general findings for non-profit organ-isations from the paper of Stone, Bigelov, and Crittenden (1999) on “Research on strategic management in non-profit organisations” on the organisations from the sport area. Funding and financial resources may influence the components of a strategic process: formulation, content, and implementation. This paper focuses on the extent in which funding and financial resources affect the organisation’s strategic management and describes the influence of different types of financial resources on non-profit sport organisations’ strategy by reviewing a range of studies on the strategic process and funding of non-profit organizations that are applicable in sports. The article summarizes different findings and issues that have been de-scribed and published in the pre-reviewed academic journals with no restriction on the date of the issue.

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