scholarly journals Associations between birth weight, obesity, fat mass and lean mass in Korean adolescents: the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e018039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myunggee Kang ◽  
Jung Eun Yoo ◽  
Kyuwoong Kim ◽  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Sang Min Park
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
National Health ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
Stratified Analysis

ObjectivePrevious studies on the relationship between birth weight and obesity in adolescents have mostly been conducted within Western populations and have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate the association between birth weight, obesity, fat mass and lean mass in Korean adolescents using the fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES V).MethodsThe study population consisted of a total of 1304 (693 men and 611 women) participants aged between 12 and 18 years. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were calculated by multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine the association between birth weight and being overweight or obese. Furthermore, adjusted mean values for body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) according to birth weight were calculated by multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsIndividuals within the highest 25th percentile in birth weight were more likely to be overweight (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.76) compared with adolescents within the 25th and 75th percentile in birth weight. Female adolescents who were in the highest 25th percentile in birth weight were more likely to be obese (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.41) compared with those within the 25th and 75th percentile in birth weight. Increasing FMI, but not LMI was associated with increasing birth weight (P for trend: 0.03). This tendency remained only in female population in sex-stratified analysis (P for trend: 0.03).ConclusionsHigh birth weight may lead to obesity and increased fat mass, but not lean mass. Adolescents born with high birth weight may benefit from close weight monitoring and early intervention against obesity.

scholarly journals Fat Mass Is Not Beneficial to Bone in Adolescents and Young Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Janicka ◽  
Tishya A. L. Wren ◽  
Monique M. Sanchez ◽  
Frederick Dorey ◽  
Paul S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Context: Although muscle mass is beneficial to bone, studies on the effect of fat mass on bone have yielded conflicting results. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the relations between lean and fat mass and bone structure. Design: This study was cross-sectional. Setting: The study was conducted in a general community. Subjects: Subjects included 300 healthy sexually mature adolescents and young adults (150 males and 150 females) between the ages of 13 and 21 yr. Main Outcome Measure: We investigated the relation between dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures of total body fat and lean mass and bone values obtained with DXA (legs and lumbar spine bone mineral density and bone mineral content) and computed tomography (CT) (cross-sectional and cortical bone areas of the femurs and cross-sectional area and cancellous bone density of the vertebrae). Results: Simple and multiple linear regression analyses showed significant positive relations between DXA lean mass and all CT and DXA measures of bone in the axial and appendicular skeletons (all P < 0.005). In contrast, whereas Pearson correlations between DXA measures of fat mass and bone parameters were generally positive, multiple regression analyses showed that fat mass, after accounting for lean mass, trunk height/leg length, had a negative, or no, correlation with CT and DXA values for bone. Conclusions: Our findings provide compelling evidence that, despite increased mechanical loading and independent of lean mass, adipose tissue is not beneficial to bone structure.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in maternal anthropometry in relation to neonatal anthropometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J Pugh ◽  
Ana M Ortega-Villa ◽  
William Grobman ◽  
Stefanie N Hinkle ◽  
Roger B Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Infant Birth

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the association of longitudinal changes in maternal anthropometric measures with neonatal anthropometry and to assess to what extent late-gestational changes in maternal anthropometry are associated with neonatal body composition.DesignIn a prospective cohort of pregnant women, maternal anthropometry was measured at six study visits across pregnancy and after birth, neonates were measured and fat and lean mass calculated. We estimated maternal anthropometric trajectories and separately assessed rate of change in the second (15–28 weeks) and third trimester (28–39 weeks) in relation to neonatal anthropometry. We investigated the extent to which tertiles of third-trimester maternal anthropometry change were associated with neonatal outcomes.SettingWomen were recruited from twelve US sites (2009–2013).ParticipantsNon-obese women with singleton pregnancies (n 2334).ResultsA higher rate of increase in gestational weight gain was associated with larger-birth-weight infants with greater lean and fat mass. In contrast, higher rates of increase in maternal anthropometry measures were not associated with infant birth weight but were associated with decreased neonatal lean mass. In the third trimester, women in the tertile of lowest change in triceps skinfold (−0·57 to −0·06 mm per week) had neonates with 35·8 g more lean mass than neonates of mothers in the middle tertile of rate of change (−0·05 to 0·06 mm per week).ConclusionsThe rate of change in third-trimester maternal anthropometry measures may be related to neonatal lean and fat mass yet have a negligible impact on infant birth weight, indicating that neonatal anthropometry may provide additional information over birth weight alone.

scholarly journals Birth weight and body fat mass in adults assessed by bioimpedance in the ELSA-Brasil study

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Breda Resende ◽  
Vivian Cristine Luft ◽  
Bruce Duncan ◽  
Rosane Harter Griep ◽  
Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fetal Malnutrition ◽  
Do So

Intrauterine life is a critical period for the development of body fat and metabolic risk. This study investigated associations between birth weight and total and truncal body fat in adults. To do so, we analyzed data on 10,011 adults participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) who self-reported birth weight as < 2.5kg, 2.5-4.0kg, or > 4.0kg at baseline (2008-2010) and underwent bioimpedance in the next follow-up visit (2012-2014). Greater mean total and truncal fat mass were seen in those with high birth weight compared with adequate birth weight (p < 0.001) in both sexes (total fat: 25.2 vs. 23.1kg in men and 31.4 vs. 27.7kg in women, and truncal fat: 13.5 vs. 12.4kg in men and 15.9 vs. 14.2kg in women). U-shaped patterns were observed in restricted cubic-spline analyses in the subset of 5,212 individuals reporting exact birth weights, although statistically significant only for those with high birth weight. In the whole sample, in comparing high to adequate birth weight, the latter predicted having a large (> 85 percentile) total and truncal fat mass, respectively: OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.37-2.25 (men) and OR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.42-2.44 (women); OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.31-2.16 (men) and OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.31-2.28 (women). However, low birth weight predicted having a large (> 85 percentile) % truncal fat only in women (OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.03-1.91). In conclusion, in these men and women born in a period in which fetal malnutrition was prevalent, birth weight showed complex, frequently non-linear associations with adult body fat, highlighting the need for interventions to prevent low and high birth weight during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Centrally located body fat is related to appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women.

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M Ritland ◽  
D Lee Alekel ◽  
Oksana A Matvienko ◽  
Kathy B Hanson ◽  
Jeanne W Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Blood Cell Count

ObjectiveBody composition and energy homeostasis are thought to affect the appetitive hormones: adiponectin, leptin, insulin, and ghrelin. This study examined whether centrally located fat and/or overall adiposity were related to these appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women.DesignOverall and regional body composition was assessed by dual-energy X ray absorptiometry in relation to plasma adiponectin, serum leptin, serum insulin, and plasma ghrelin in 242 postmenopausal women.ResultsRegression analyses revealed that the androidal-to-gynoidal fat mass ratio (18.0%), age (3.2%), and white blood cell count (1.8%) accounted for 28% of the variability in adiponectin (F=22.2;P<0.0001); androidal (waist+hip) fat mass (66.0%), androidal fat mass2(6.2%), whole-body lean mass (2.2%), and age (0.8%) accounted for 69% of the variability in leptin (F=102.5;P<0.0001). Regression analyses revealed that sagittal abdominal diameter (8.4%), glucose (5.4%), white blood cell count (2.6%), and dietary ω-3 fatty acids (2.0%) accounted for 32% of the variability in insulin (F=20.8;P<0.0001); waist circumference (12.7%), hip lean mass (2.0%), and white blood cell count (1.9%) accounted for 26% of the variability in ghrelin (F=20.7;P<0.0001). Our results indicated that centralized fat mass was the primary contributor to these appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women.ConclusionSince central adiposity in postmenopausal women was related to appetitive hormones, minimizing weight gain during the menopausal transition may optimize appetitive hormones, thereby facilitating appetite control and weight maintenance.

scholarly journals Relation of BMI to a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measure of fatness

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Morabia ◽  
Alan Ross ◽  
François Curtin ◽  
Claude Pichard ◽  
Daniel O. Slosman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a valid technique for measuring the fat, bone and lean (muscle, organs and water) masses of the body. We evaluated relationships of BMI (kg/m2) with independent measurements of fat and lean masses using DXA in 226 adult volunteers. The evaluation was an application of a general approach to compositional data which has not previously been used for describing body composition. Using traditional regression analyses, when lean mass was held constant, BMI varied with fat mass (men r 0·75, P < 0·05 ; women r 0·85, P < 0·05); when fat mass was held constant, BMI varied with lean mass (men r 0·63, P < 0·05; women r 0·47, P < 0·05). In contrast, a regression model for compositional data revealed that BMI was: (a) strongly associated with log fat mass in both sexes (b1 4·86, P < 0·001 for all women and b1 5·96, P < 0·001 for all men); (b) not associated with bone mass, except in older men; (c) related to lean mass in women but not in men (b3 −4·04, P < 0·001 for all women and b1 −2·59, P < 0·15 for all men). Women with higher BMI tended to have more fat mass and more lean mass than women with lower BMI. Men with higher BMI had more fat mass but similar lean mass to men with lower BMI. Investigators need to be alert to the inaccuracy of BMI to assign a fatness risk factor to individuals, especially among women.

scholarly journals The impact of early growth patterns and infant feeding on body composition at 3 years of age

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrine T. Ejlerskov ◽  
Line B. Christensen ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
Signe M. Jensen ◽  
Christian Mølgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Early Weight Gain ◽  
The Impact

Early excessive weight gain is positively associated with later obesity, and yet the effect of weight gain during specific periods and the impact of infant feeding practices are debated. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of weight gain in periods of early childhood on body composition at 3 years, and whether infant feeding modified the relationship between early growth and body composition at 3 years. We studied 233 children from the prospective cohort study, SKOT (in Danish: Småbørns Kost og Trivsel). Birth weight z-scores (BWZ) and change in weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) from 0 to 5, 5 to 9, 9 to 18 and 18 to 36 months were analysed for relations with body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance) at 3 years by multivariate regression analysis. BWZ and change in WAZ from 0 to 5 months were positively associated with BMI, fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) at 3 years. Full breastfeeding for 6 months (compared to less than 1 month) eliminated the effect of early growth (P= 0·01). Full breastfeeding for 6 months (compared to less than 1 month) also eliminated the positive relation between BWZ and FMI (P= 0·009). No effect modification of infant feeding was found for FFMI. In conclusion, high birth weight and rapid growth from 0 to 5 months were associated with increased FMI and FFMI at 3 years. Longer duration of full breastfeeding reduced the effect of birth weight and early weight gain on fat mass.

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