scholarly journals Is insomnia a risk factor for new-onset asthma? A population-based study in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e018714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chieh Lin ◽  
Chih-Cheng Lai ◽  
Chih-Chiang Chien ◽  
Chin-Ming Chen ◽  
Shyh-Ren Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
New Onset

ObjectivesTo determine whether insomnia at baseline is a risk factor for new-onset asthma.MethodsWe recruited 48 871 patients with insomnia (insomnia group) newly diagnosed between 2002 and 2007, and 97 742 matched controls without insomnia (control group) from Taiwan’s Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. All of the patients were followed up for 4 years to see whether new-onset asthma developed. Patients with previous asthma or insomnia were excluded. The Poisson regression was used to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs of asthma. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the risk of asthma between the two groups.ResultsAfter a 4-year follow-up, 424 patients in the insomnia group and 409 in the control group developed asthma. The incidence rate of asthma was significantly higher in the insomnia group (22.01vs10.57 per 10 000 person-years). Patients with insomnia have a higher risk of developing new-onset asthma during the 4-year follow-up (HR: 2.08, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.39). The difference remained significant after adjustment (adjusted HR: 1.89, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.17).ConclusionsThis large population-based study suggests that insomnia at baseline is a risk factor for developing asthma.

scholarly journals Association of Tooth Scaling with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Analysis of the Corresponding Medical Expenditure: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7613
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Kao ◽  
Ben-Chang Shia ◽  
Huei-Chen Chiang ◽  
Mingchih Chen ◽  
Szu-Yuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Scaling Group

Accumulating evidence has shown a significant correlation between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases. In this study, we investigated the association between the frequency of tooth scaling and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Here, a group of 7164 participants who underwent tooth scaling was compared with another group of 7164 participants without tooth scaling through propensity score matching to assess AMI risk by Cox’s proportional hazard regression. The results show that the hazard ratio of AMI from the tooth scaling group was 0.543 (0.441, 0.670) and the average expenses of AMI in the follow up period was USD 265.76, while the average expenses of AMI in follow up period for control group was USD 292.47. The tooth scaling group was further divided into two subgroups, namely A and B, to check the influence of tooth scaling frequency on AMI risk. We observed that (1) the incidence rate of AMI in the group without any tooth scaling was 3.5%, which is significantly higher than the incidence of 1.9% in the group with tooth scaling; (2) the tooth scaling group had lower total medical expenditures than those of the other group because of the high medical expenditure associated with AMI; and (3) participants who underwent tooth scaling had a lower AMI risk than those who never underwent tooth scaling had. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate the importance of preventive medicine.

scholarly journals Lymphoproliferative malignancies in patients with neurofibromatosis 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Bergqvist ◽  
François Hemery ◽  
Arnaud Jannic ◽  
Salah Ferkal ◽  
Pierre Wolkenstein
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neurofibromatosis 1 ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
History Of

AbstractNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is an inherited, autosomal-dominant, tumor predisposition syndrome with a birth incidence as high as 1:2000. A patient with NF1 is four to five times more likely to develop a malignancy as compared to the general population. The number of epidemiologic studies on lymphoproliferative malignancies in patients with NF1 is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate of lymphoproliferative malignancies (lymphoma and leukemia) in NF1 patients followed in our referral center for neurofibromatoses. We used the Informatics for Integrated Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) platform to extract information from the hospital’s electronic health records. We performed a keyword search on clinical notes generated between Jan/01/2014 and May/11/2020 for patients aged 18 years or older. A total of 1507 patients with confirmed NF1 patients aged 18 years and above were identified (mean age 39.2 years; 57% women). The total number of person-years in follow-up was 57,736 (men, 24,327 years; women, 33,409 years). Mean length of follow-up was 38.3 years (median, 36 years). A total of 13 patients had a medical history of either lymphoma or leukemia, yielding an overall incidence rate of 22.5 per 100,000 (0.000225, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.000223–0.000227). This incidence is similar to that of the general population in France (standardized incidence ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.60–1.79). Four patients had a medical history leukemia and 9 patients had a medical history of lymphoma of which 7 had non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and 2 had Hodgkin lymphoma. Our results show that adults with NF1 do not have an increased tendency to develop lymphoproliferative malignancies, in contrast to the general increased risk of malignancy. While our results are consistent with the recent population-based study in Finland, they are in contrast with the larger population-based study in England whereby NF1 individuals were found to be 3 times more likely to develop both non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia. Large-scale epidemiological studies based on nationwide data sets are thus needed to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Prevalence of isolated gastrocnemius tightness in patients with foot and ankle pathology – a population based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0033
Author(s):  
Karan Malhotra ◽  
Oliver Chan ◽  
Nicholas Cullen ◽  
Matthew Welck ◽  
Andrew Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Power Calculation ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Gastrocnemius Tightness

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Gastrocnemius tightness (GT) is thought to predispose patients to multiple musculoskeletal pathologies including back pain, plantar fasciitis, and metatarsalgia. It is thought to be especially prevalent in patients with foot and ankle pathology (FAP) and consequently there is an emerging trend to perform lengthening / release procedures in this patient group. However, it is not clear what proportion of the normal population has GT and how this differs in patients with FAP. We set out to investigate what the incidence and degree of GT in the foot and ankle population is compared to the normal population. Methods: This was a prospective study comparing GT in a cohort of patients with FAP with GT in controls matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. The control group consisted of healthy adult volunteers and the FAP group consisted of patients presenting to our Foot & Ankle unit. Patients with previous surgery, tendoachilles tightness, or ankle arthritis were excluded. GT was measured using a digital inclinometer and the lunge test. It was calculated as the difference between maximal ankle dorsiflexion with the knee extended and with the knee flexed. Data on the control group was collected first and a power calculation suggested a FAP cohort size of 91 feet was required to detect a 2° difference in GT (a= 0.05, ß = 0.05, Ratio 3:1). Results: After case-matching 97 FAP cases were paired with 291 controls for analysis. Mean GT was 8.0° ±5.7° (range: 0-21°) in FAP patients versus 6.0° ±3.5° (range: 0-16°) in controls (p<0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated demographics including BMI and activity level were not significant determinants of GT in the FAP group (r=0.141, p=0.599). Subgroup analysis of the FAP group revealed a mean GT of 10.3° ±6.0° in patients with forefoot pathology (FoP) versus 6.9° ±5.3° in the other FAP patients (NFoP) (p=0.008). When comparing the NFoP group to the controls, there was no difference in GT (p=0.188). In total 21 FAP patients (21.6%) and 12 FoP patients (37.5%) had GT greater than 2 standard deviations of the control group (Figure 1). Conclusion: This population based study demonstrates increased GT in the FAP population versus the normal population; however, in patients without forefoot pathology, this difference may not be clinically relevant. Over a third of patients with forefoot pathology have GT which is greater than the normal population range. We conclude that not all patients with foot and ankle pathology have inherently increased GT, compared with the normal population, but it is reasonably common in patients with forefoot pathology. Further work is required to define what degree of GT may be considered significant, to determine which patients will benefit from surgical treatment.

scholarly journals The prevalence and demographic features of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in an urban area of East Asia: A population-based study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248801
Author(s):  
Tzong-Hann Yang ◽  
Hung-Meng Huang ◽  
Wei-Chung Hsu ◽  
Po-Nien Tsao ◽  
Tien-Chen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Virological Surveillance

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the leading environmental cause of childhood hearing impairment. However, its significance remains largely undocumented in many regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of cCMV infection in East Asia. Neonates born at a municipal hospital in Taipei were prospectively recruited and underwent concurrent hearing and CMV screenings. Those who failed the hearing screening or screened positive for CMV were subjected to a focused audiological and/or virological surveillance. The characteristics of the newborns and their mothers were compared between the CMV-positive and CMV-negative groups. Of the 1,532 newborns who underwent concurrent hearing and CMV screenings, seven (0.46%) were positive for cCMV infection. All seven CMV-positive newborns were asymptomatic at birth, and none of them developed hearing or other symptoms during a follow-up period of 14.4±6.3 months. The mothers of the CMV-positive newborns demonstrated higher gravidity (2.4 ± 1.4 vs. 2.1 ± 1.2) and parity (2.0 ± 1.2 vs. 1.6 ± 0.7) than those in the CMV-negative group; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance. The prevalence of cCMV infection in Taipei newborns was 0.46%, which is slightly lower than that of other populations and that of a previous report in the Taiwanese population. The relatively low prevalence in this study might be attributed to the improved public health system and decreased fertility rate in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Incidence of atrial fibrillation in different major cancer subtypes: a Nationwide population-based 12 year follow up study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Boegh Jakobsen ◽  
Morten Lamberts ◽  
Nicholas Carlson ◽  
Morten Lock-Hansen ◽  
Christian Torp-Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
General Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background The prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (AF) and malignancies are increasing in the elderly, but incidences of new onset AF in different cancer subtypes are not well described.The objectives of this study were therefore to determine the incidence of AF in different cancer subtypes and to examine the association of cancer and future AF. Methods Using national databases, the Danish general population was followed from 2000 until 2012. Every individual aged > 18 years and with no history of cancer or AF prior to study start was included. Incidence rates of new onset AF were identified and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of AF in cancer patients were calculated in an adjusted Poisson regression model. Results A total of 4,324,545 individuals were included in the study. Cancer was diagnosed in 316,040 patients. The median age of the cancer population was 67.0 year and 51.5% were females. Incidences of AF were increased in all subtypes of cancer. For overall cancer, the incidence was 17.4 per 1000 person years (PY) vs 3.7 per 1000 PY in the general population and the difference increased with age. The covariate adjusted IRR for AF in overall cancer was 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44–1.48). The strength of the association declined with time from cancer diagnosis (IRR0-90days = 3.41 (3.29–3.54), (IRR-180 days-1 year = 1.57 (CI 1.50–1.64) and (IRR2–5 years = 1.12 (CI 1.09–1.15). Conclusions In this nationwide cohort study we observed that all major cancer subtypes were associated with an increased incidence of AF. Further, cancer and AF might be independently associated.

scholarly journals Natural course of new-onset urticaria: Results of a 10-year follow-up, nationwide, population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Jun Eun ◽  
Jin Yong Lee ◽  
Do-Yeop Kim ◽  
Hyun-Sun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
New Onset

Impact of putative chemopreventative agents on prostate cancer diagnosis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
Hanan Goldberg ◽  
Faizan Moshin ◽  
Zachary William Abraham Klaassen ◽  
Thenappan Chandrasekar ◽  
Christopher Wallis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Diagnosis Rate ◽  
The Impact

40 Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in Canadian men and the third most common cause of cancer death in Canada. Several studies have shown that use of commonly prescribed medications, including those used for diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, is associated with improved survival in various malignancies, including PC. There has not been any large population-based study, examining the effects of these and other commonly prescribed medications, on the rate of PC diagnosis, over a 20 years follow-up period. Methods: A retrospective population-based study using data from the institute of clinical evaluative sciences, including all male patients aged 65 and above in Ontario who have had a negative first prostate biopsy between 1994 and 2016. We assessed the impact of commonly prescribed medications on PC diagnosis. The medications included Statins (hydrophilic and hydrophobic), diabetes drugs (metformin, insulins, sulfonylureas, and thizolidinedions), proton pump inhibitors, 5 alpha reductase inhibitors, and alpha blockers. Time dependent Cox regression proportional hazards models were performed determine predictors of PC diagnosis. Medication exposure was time varying and modeled as “ever” vs. “never” use or as cumulative exposure for 6 months of usage. A priori variables included in the model included age, ADG comorbidity score, rurality index, index year, and all medications. Results: A total of 51,415 men were analyzed over a mean (SD) follow-up time of 8.06 (5.44) years. Overall, 10,466 patients (20.4%) were diagnosed with PC, 16,726 (32.5%) had died, and 1,460 (2.8%) patients died of PC. On multivariable analysis increasing age and rurality index were associated with higher PC diagnosis rate, while a more recent index year, and usage of hydrophilic statins was associated with a lower diagnosis rate in both “ever” vs. “never” and cumulative models (HR 0.832, 95% CI 0.732-0.946, p = 0.005, HR 0.973 95% CI 0.951-0.995, p = 0.016, respectively). Conclusions: Hydrophilic statins are associated with a clinically significant lower PC diagnosis. To our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating a clear advantage of one group of statins (hydrophilic) over another (hydrophobic) in PC prevention.

scholarly journals Higher spermidine intake is linked to lower mortality: a prospective population-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kiechl ◽  
Raimund Pechlaner ◽  
Peter Willeit ◽  
Marlene Notdurfter ◽  
Bernhard Paulweber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Mortality Incidence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Atherosclerosis Prevention

ABSTRACT Background Spermidine administration is linked to increased survival in several animal models. Objective The aim of this study was to test the potential association between spermidine content in diet and mortality in humans. Design This prospective community-based cohort study included 829 participants aged 45–84 y, 49.9% of whom were male. Diet was assessed by repeated dietitian-administered validated food-frequency questionnaires (2540 assessments) in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010. During follow-up between 1995 and 2015, 341 deaths occurred. Results All-cause mortality (deaths per 1000 person-years) decreased across thirds of increasing spermidine intake from 40.5 (95% CI: 36.1, 44.7) to 23.7 (95% CI: 20.0, 27.0) and 15.1 (95% CI: 12.6, 17.8), corresponding to an age-, sex- and caloric intake–adjusted 20-y cumulative mortality incidence of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.51), 0.41 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.45), and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.41), respectively. The age-, sex- and caloric ratio–adjusted HR for all-cause death per 1-SD higher spermidine intake was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.83; P < 0.001). Further adjustment for lifestyle factors, established predictors of mortality, and other dietary features yielded an HR of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.86; P < 0.001). The association was consistent in subgroups, robust against unmeasured confounding, and independently validated in the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk (SAPHIR) Study (age-, sex-, and caloric ratio–adjusted HR per 1-SD higher spermidine intake: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.95; P = 0.019). The difference in mortality risk between the top and bottom third of spermidine intakes was similar to that associated with a 5.7-y (95% CI: 3.6, 8.1 y) younger age. Conclusion Our findings lend epidemiologic support to the concept that nutrition rich in spermidine is linked to increased survival in humans. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03378843.

The risk of debilitating falls in Manitobans living with prostate cancer (pc).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 244-244
Author(s):  
Joel Roger Gingerich ◽  
Pascal Lambert ◽  
Malcolm Doupe ◽  
Paul Joseph Daeninck ◽  
Marshall W. Pitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Increased Risk

244 Background: Falls and fall-related injuries are important patient safety problems. Some studies suggest that pc patients have higher fall rates, however the severity of these falls is unknown. We sought to measure if pc patients are at increased risk of a debilitating fall requiring hospitalization. Methods: This is a retrospective population-based study utilizing the Manitoba Cancer Registry and Manitoba Health administrative databases. Our cohort consists of all community-dwelling patients living in Manitoba Canada who were diagnosed with pc between 2004 and 2008. These individuals were matched by age, sex, and time of diagnosis with up to three cancer-free controls. Debilitating falls were defined as falls/fractures requiring hospitalization and were identified using ICD-9 and -10 billing codes. A competing risk model was used to compare debilitating falls between the pc and cancer-free cohorts and expressed as sub-hazard ratios. Follow-up ended December 31, 2009. Results: 2,903 pc patients were identified along with 8,686 matched controls. The mean age was 69.3 and 68.8 respectively. The median follow-up was 3.05 years. Debilitating falls were identified in 109 patients (3.8%) with pc and 345 (4%) matched controls. The cumulative incidence of debilitating falls for those with pc vs cancer-free controls were: 1.08% vs. 1.13% at 1-year and 5.25% vs. 5.96% at five years of follow-up (SHR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.77 – 1.18, p = 0.65). On univariate analysis, patients with stage IV pc were at higher risk of falls compared to matched controls. This difference was not significant on multivariate analysis though (SHR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.74 – 1.89, p = 0.48). On multivariate analysis, patients with a Gleason score of ≤6 experienced a reduced risk of debilitating falls compared to matched controls (SHR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.27 – 0.72, p = 0.001), whereas patients with other Gleason scores did not. The analysis was similar when patients with fractures were excluded. Conclusions: In this large population-based study, the 1- and 5-year cumulative incidence of debilitating falls did not differ significantly for patients with vs without pc. In fact, compared to matched controls, low grade pc patients were less likely to experience a debilitating fall.

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