A cross-sectional study investigating the associations of person-organisation and person-group fit with staff outcomes in mental healthcare

ObjectivesOrganisational and workplace cultures are fundamental determinants of health systems performance; through better understanding of the dimensions of culture there is the potential to influence them, and subsequently improve safety and quality of care, as well as the experiences of both patients and staff. One promising conceptual framework for studying culture in healthcare is person-environment (P-E) fit. Comprising person-organisational (P-O) and person-group (P-G) components, P-E fit is defined as the extent to which individuals are compatible with their work environment. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of P-O and P-G fit with staff outcomes in mental healthcare.Setting and participantsParticipants (n=213) were staff and volunteers at 31 primary mental health facilities across six states of Australia.Primary and secondary outcome measuresStaff outcomes, comprising burnout (depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion), job satisfaction and work stress.DesignA multidimensional survey tool was used to measure P-O and P-G fit, and staff outcomes. Multiple regression analyses were used to test the associations between fit and outcome measures.ResultsThe regression analyses indicated that, based on a Bonferroni adjusted alpha value of α=00417, P-O fit accounted for 36.6% of the variability in satisfaction (F=8.951, p≤0.001); 27.7% in emotional exhaustion (F=6.766, p≤0.001); 32.8% in depersonalisation (F=8.646, p≤0.001); and 23.5% in work stress (F=5.439, p≤0.001). The P-G fit results were less conclusive, with P-G fit accounting for 15.8% of the variability in satisfaction (F=4.184, p≤0.001); 10.0% in emotional exhaustion (F=2.488, p=0.014); 28.6% in depersonalisation (F=8.945, p≤0.001); and 10.4% in work stress (F=2.590, p=0.032). There was no statistically significant increase in the variability accounted for when the interaction term of P-O and P-G fit was added to the regression.ConclusionsThe findings highlight that staff’s perception of their workplace and organisational culture can have implications for staff well-being.

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Government management capacities and the containment of COVID-19: a repeated cross-sectional study across Chinese cities

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041516 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e041516

Author(s):

Wenchao Li ◽

Jing Li ◽

Junjian Yi

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Measures ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Travel Restrictions ◽

Government Management ◽

The Government ◽

Laws And Policies ◽

Novel Coronavirus

ObjectivesBetter understanding of the dynamics of the COVID-19 (2019 novel coronavirus disease) pandemic to curb its spread is now a global imperative. While travel restrictions and control measures have been shown to limit the spread of the disease, the effectiveness of the enforcement of those measures should depend on the strength of the government. Whether, and how, the government plays a role in fighting the disease, however, has not been investigated. Here, we show that government management capacities are critical to the containment of the disease.SettingWe conducted a statistical analysis based on cross-city comparisons within China. China has undergone almost the entire cycle of the anticoronavirus campaign, which allows us to trace the full dynamics of the outbreak, with homogeneity in standards for statistics recording.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcome measures include city-specific COVID-19 case incidence and recoveries in China.ResultsThe containment of COVID-19 depends on the effectiveness of the enforcement of control measures, which in turn depends on the local government’s management capacities. Specifically, government efficiency, capacity for law enforcement, and the transparency of laws and policies significantly reduce COVID-19 prevalence and increase the likelihood of recoveries. The organisation size of the government, which is not closely related to its capacity for management, has a limited role.

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Quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients in Spain

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1191/1352458502ms851oa ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 527-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

C-H Chang ◽

D Cella ◽

O Fernández ◽

G Luque ◽

P de Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective: The cross-sectional study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis (FAMS) Spanish version and its use in measuring quality of life (QOL) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Spain. Methods: The FAMS is a factorially derived self-report scale designed to assess six primary aspects of QOL of patients with MS: Mobility, Symptoms, Emotional Well-Being, General Contentment, Thinking and Fatigue, and Family/Social Well-Being. Its Spanish translated version was used to assess QOL of 625 MS patients recruited in an outpatient clinic setting from 58 hospitals in Spain. Internal consistency of the Spanish FAMS was evaluated. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors from demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics, and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores in predicting FAMS scale scores. Results: Most of the patients are females (66%), and 74% were of the relapsing-remitting (RR) clinical subtype. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were high (range=0.78-0.96), indicating subscale homogeneity comparable to that of the original English version. Linear multivariate regression analyses revealed that the EDSS is a dominant variable in predicting all the FAMS subscales, especially mobility (R2=0.51) and the total scores. Conclusions: The Spanish FAMS is a psychometrically valid instrument that allows clinicians and clinical researchers the ability to measure the QOL concerns of MS patients in Spain.

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The relationship between burnout and suicidal ideations among Jamaican police officers

International Journal of Police Science & Management ◽

10.1177/1461355719856026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 181-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Candice A. Wray ◽

Sharlene Beckford Jarrett

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Police Officers ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Crime ◽

The Relationship

Jamaican police officers often encounter organizational and societal stressors through their work in high-crime and low-resource settings. Repeated exposure to stressors, with limited opportunities for support, can compromise emotional well-being and increase the risk of experiencing burnout and suicidal ideation. This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment) and suicidal ideations among Jamaican police officers surveyed in 2017. Jamaican police officers ( N = 305) from five major urban divisions completed two self-report questionnaires. The results revealed significant relationships between emotional exhaustion and suicidal ideations ( r = .17, p < .01) and depersonalization and suicidal ideations ( r = .18, p < .01). However, there was no significant relationship between personal accomplishment and suicidal ideations ( p > .01). Implementing programmes that offer access to adaptive coping or stress management skills and social support systems may reduce burnout and decrease risk for suicidal ideation.

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Validating a previously untested Intentions and Beliefs around Smoking sub-scale for inclusion in the published Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease (ABCD) Risk Questionnaire using a cross-sectional sample

10.1101/2021.06.10.21258608 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Bowyer ◽

Hamid Yimam Hassen

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Attitudes And Beliefs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Survey Tool ◽

Horizon 2020 ◽

Public Health Practitioners ◽

Smoking Behaviours

Objectives: To provide evidence of validity, reliability and generalisability of results obtained using the Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease (ABCD) Risk Questionnaire with a sample of the English population surveyed within the SPICES Horizon 2020 project (Nottingham study site), and to specifically evaluate the psychometric and factor properties of an as-yet untested 5 item sub-scale relating to smoking behaviours. Design and setting: Community based cross-sectional study in Nottingham, UK. Participants: 466 English adults fitting inclusion criteria (aged 18+, without known history of CVD, not pregnant, able to provide informed consent) were included in the study. Methods: We re-validated the published ABCD questionnaire on a sample of the general population in Nottingham to confirm the psychometric properties. Furthermore, we introduced 5 items related to smoking which were dropped in the original study due to inadequate valid samples. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Psychometric and factor performance of untested 5 item smoking behaviours sub-scale Psychometric and factorial properties in combination with the remaining 18 items across 3 sub-scales Results: Analyses of the data largely confirmed the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the original ABCD Risk Questionnaire. Sufficient participants in our study provided data against an additional five smoking related items to confirm their validity as a sub-scale and to advocate for their inclusion in future applications of the scale. EFA and CFA calculations support some minor changes to the remaining sub-scales which may further improve psychometric performance and therefore generalisability of the instrument. Conclusions: An amended version of the ABCD Risk Questionnaire would provide public health researchers and practitioners with a brief, easy to use, reliable and valid survey tool. The amended tool may now assist public health practitioners and researchers to quickly survey patient or public intentions and beliefs around three key areas of individually modifiable risk (Physical Activity, Diet, and Smoking).

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Post-operative Experience following Caesarean Section in a Nigerian Obstetric Population

Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences ◽

10.51658/abms.202121.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

Jamila A Garba ◽

Abubakar A Panti ◽

Ahmed Yakubu ◽

Eze A Ukwu ◽

Ahmed T Burodo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pain Relief ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Elective Caesarean Section ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Emergency Caesarean Section ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient’S Satisfaction ◽

Emergency Caesarean

Background: Caesarean section is the most significant obstetrics operative intervention globally. Good postoperative experience after caesarean section is important because there is need for the mother to recover from surgery and take care of her baby. The aim of this study was to assess the experience of women that had caesarean section in the first 24 hours postoperatively. Materials/methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among women that had elective and emergency caesarean section. They were followed up to 24 hours post-operative. The primary outcome measures were pain score and satisfaction. Secondary outcome measures were time of mobilization, time of commencement of oral feeds and time of initiation of breastfeeding. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22. Results: The median pain scores among those that had emergency and elective caesarean section ranged between 2 and 3 at all points of pain assessment. The satisfaction was good among 66.1% that had emergency caesarean section and 71.2% among those that had elective caesarean section. However, the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.546, p = 0.761). More than 90% of the participants that had either emergency or elective caesarean section did not ambulate within the first 24 hours after caesarean section and there was no association between the time of ambulation and the type of caesarean section (χ2 = 0.005, p = 0.941). Conclusion: The participants had adequate pain relief and majority were satisfied with the pain relief. However, the optimum satisfaction was not achieved. The participants did not ambulate early and did not initiate breast-feeding early. Recommendation: Further research is recommended to assess other factors that affect patient's satisfaction and ambulation so as to improve on patient's postoperative care.

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Organisational culture and the integrated chronic diseases management model implementation fidelity in South Africa: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036683 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e036683

Author(s):

Limakatso Lebina ◽

Mary Kawonga ◽

Olufunke Alaba ◽

Natasha Khamisa ◽

Kennedy Otwombe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Implementation Fidelity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Organisational Culture ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Survey Tool ◽

Cultural Trait ◽

Cultural Traits

ObjectiveTo assess whether organisational culture influences the fidelity of implementation of the Integrated Chronic Disease Management (ICDM) model at primary healthcare (PHC) clinics.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe ICDM model was introduced in South African clinics to strengthen delivery of care and improve clinical outcomes for patients with chronic conditions, but the determinants of its implementation have not been assessed.ParticipantsThe abbreviated Denison organisational culture (DOC) survey tool was administered to 90 staff members to assess three cultural traits: involvement, consistency and adaptability of six PHC clinics in Dr. Kenneth Kaunda and West Rand (WR) health districts.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEach cultural trait has three indices with five items, giving a total of 45 items. The items were scored on a Likert scale ranging from one (strongly disagree) to five (strongly agree), and mean scores were calculated for each item, cultural traits and indices. Descriptive statistics were used to describe participants and clinics, and Pearson correlation coefficient to asses association between fidelity and culture.ResultsParticipants’ mean age was 38.8 (SD=10.35) years, and 54.4% (49/90) were nurses. The overall mean score for the DOC was 3.63 (SD=0.58). The involvement (team orientation, empowerment and capability development) cultural trait had the highest (3.71; SD=0.72) mean score, followed by adaptability (external focus) (3.62; SD=0.56) and consistency (3.56; SD=0.63). There were no statistically significant differences in cultural scores between PHC clinics. However, culture scores for all three traits were significantly higher in WR (involvement 3.39 vs 3.84, p=0.011; adaptability 3.40 vs 3.73, p=0.007; consistency 3.34 vs 3.68, p=0.034).ConclusionLeadership intervention is required to purposefully enhance adaptability and consistency cultural traits of clinics to enhance the ICDM model’s principles of coordinated, integrated, patient-centred care.

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Intimacy for older adults in long-term care: a need, a right, a privilege—or a kind of care?

Journal of Medical Ethics ◽

10.1136/medethics-2020-107171 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. medethics-2020-107171

Author(s):

Vanessa Schouten ◽

Mark Henrickson ◽

Catherine M Cook ◽

Sandra McDonald ◽

Nilo Atefi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Family Members ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Term Care ◽

Survey Tool ◽

Whole Person

BackgroundTo investigate attitudes of staff, residents and family members in long-term care towards sex and intimacy among older adults, specifically the extent to which they conceptualise sex and intimacy as a need, a right, a privilege or as a component of overall well-being.MethodsThe present study was a part of a two-arm mixed-methods cross-sectional study using a concurrent triangulation design. A validated survey tool was developed; 433 staff surveys were collected from 35 facilities across the country. Interviews were conducted with 75 staff, residents and family members.ResultsIt was common for staff, residents and family members to talk about intimacy and sexuality in terms of rights and needs. As well as using the language of needs and rights, it was common for participants to use terms related to well-being, such as fun, happiness or being miserable. One participant in particular (a staff member) described receiving intimate touch as a ‘kind of care’—a particularly useful way of framing the conversation.ConclusionWhile staff, residents and family frequently used the familiar language of needs and rights to discuss access to intimate touch, they also used the language of well-being and care. Reframing the conversation in this way serves a useful purpose: it shifts the focus from simply meeting minimum obligations to a salutogenic approach—one that focuses on caring for the whole person in order to improve overall well-being and quality of life.

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Relationship between right-to-left shunt and migraine in patients with epilepsy: a single-centre, cross-sectional study in China

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024144 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. e024144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lin Zhang ◽

Xi Zhu ◽

Xiangmiao Qiu ◽

Yajiao Li ◽

Yucheng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Single Centre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The Right ◽

Patients With Epilepsy

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between right-to-left shunt and migraine to account for the unexplained high prevalence of migraine in patients with epilepsy.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study. The diagnosis and interview process of patients with migraine was based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 beta in patients with epilepsy. Participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with contrast medium to identify right-to-left shunt. The highest number of microbubbles were recorded in the left atrium before the complete microbubble outflow of the right atrium. A moderate-to-large shunt was defined as the presence of 10 or more microbubbles.SettingA single-centre, cross-sectional study in China, 2015–2017.ParticipantsPatients with epilepsy.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the prevalence of migraine, the prevalence of right-to-left shunt in patients with migraine and those without migraine, and the prevalence of migraine in different degrees of shunting.ResultsThree hundred thirty-nine participants with epilepsy who completed TTE were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of migraine was 23.0%. One-third of the migraineurs had mild right-to-left shunt and one-fifth of the migraineurs had moderate-to-large right-to-left shunt. Patients with mild shunt did not have a higher prevalence of migraine than those without shunt (26.3% vs 18.1%, p=0.102); however, a higher prevalence of migraine was found in patients with moderate-to-large shunt (39.0% vs 18.1%, OR=2.90, 95% CI=1.41 to 5.98, p=0.003). Patients with migraine and patients without migraine had similar prevalence of mild shunt; however, patients with migraine had more moderate-to-large shunt (20.5% vs 9.6%, p=0.002). Right-to-left shunt and female were factors predicting migraine prevalence.ConclusionsOne-fifth of migraineurs were correlated with moderate-to-large right-to-left shunt which could be an underlying cause of migraine in epilepsy.

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Weight underestimation linked to anxiety and depression in a cross-sectional study of overweight individuals in a Sami and non-Sami Norwegian population: the SAMINOR Study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031810 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e031810

Author(s):

Kirsti Kvaløy ◽

Marita Melhus ◽

Anne Silviken ◽

Ann Ragnhild Broderstad

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Outcome Measure ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesUnderestimation of overweight/obesity may prevent weight loss attempts, resulting in further weight gain and maintenance of overweight. Mental health benefits may nevertheless surpass negative consequences. Our main objective was to study the association between underestimation of overweight/obesity and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Sami and non-Sami populations.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe SAMINOR 2 Clinical Study with participants from 10 municipalities in Northern Norway enrolled between 2012 and 2014.ParticipantsThe study included 3266 adults of multiethnic rural origin with overweight/obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2) whereof 1384 underestimated their weight (42%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was symptoms of anxiety and depression and secondary outcome measures were BMI and the demographic variables: sex, age, education and marital status.ResultsA higher proportion of Sami men compared with non-Sami men were obese, and reported more symptoms of anxiety and depression. More men than women, and a higher proportion of Sami women compared with non-Sami women, underestimated their weight. Multivariable-adjusted analyses showed that women were less likely to underestimate their weight compared with men (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.55 in Sami and OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.42 in non-Sami), higher BMI was protective against weight underestimation (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.75 in Sami and OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.67 in non-Sami), slightly higher odds of weight underestimation were observed with increasing age in both ethnic groups (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05 in Sami and OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03 in non-Sami), while higher education lowered the odds in non-Sami (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.87). Weight underestimation was protectively associated with anxiety and depression in Sami men (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.84) and in non-Sami women (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.78) adjusted for age, BMI, education and marital status.ConclusionsIndependent of ethnicity, more men than women underestimated their weight. Underestimation of weight was protectively associated with anxiety and depression in Sami men and non-Sami women.

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Assessment of the level of knowledge, awareness and management of hypertension and diabetes among adults in Imo and Kaduna states, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043951 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e043951

Author(s):

Jennifer Anyanti ◽

Selema Margaret Akuiyibo ◽

Oluwole Fajemisin ◽

Omokhudu Idogho ◽

Babatunde Amoo

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Diabetes Knowledge ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

The Mean

ObjectivesThis study was designed to assess levels of awareness, knowledge, attitude and practices relating to hypertension and diabetes among adults aged 35 years resident in selected communities in Imo and Kaduna states, Nigeria.DesignA descriptive cross-sectional study.SettingSelected communities across 14 local government areas in Imo and Kaduna states were included.ParticipantsIn total, 824 adults, aged 35 years or older and resident in selected communities where the Access-N project was being implemented in Imo and Kaduna states participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe study assessed the level of hypertension and diabetes knowledge among the participants. Regular blood pressure (BP) and glucose screening practices were also examined as outcome measures.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 48.32 years. In total, 778 (94.4%) and 746 (90.5%) of the respondents were aware of hypertension and diabetes, respectively. The mean hypertension and diabetes knowledge scores (±SD) were 4.99 (±1.99) and 8.02 (±2.61), respectively. A total of 326 (41.9%) respondents aware of hypertension had a good knowledge of hypertension while 477 (63.9%) of those aware of diabetes had a good knowledge of diabetes. Levels of hypertension and diabetes knowledge were found to be associated with physical activity and the level of education of the respondents. About two-thirds (62.6%) and less than half (41.5%) of the respondents, respectively check their BP and blood glucose (BG) levels regularly (at least once yearly). Statistically significant associations were observed between age and regular BP and BG level checks.ConclusionsDespite the high awareness rate of hypertension and diabetes observed in this study and a relatively good knowledge about the two conditions, unhealthy lifestyle practices and non-regular routine screening abounds among the respondents. Thus, there is a need to improve access to quality information about hypertension and diabetes aimed at motivating adoption of healthy behaviours.

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