scholarly journals Assessment of the level of knowledge, awareness and management of hypertension and diabetes among adults in Imo and Kaduna states, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e043951
Author(s):  
Jennifer Anyanti ◽  
Selema Margaret Akuiyibo ◽  
Oluwole Fajemisin ◽  
Omokhudu Idogho ◽  
Babatunde Amoo
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Diabetes Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

ObjectivesThis study was designed to assess levels of awareness, knowledge, attitude and practices relating to hypertension and diabetes among adults aged 35 years resident in selected communities in Imo and Kaduna states, Nigeria.DesignA descriptive cross-sectional study.SettingSelected communities across 14 local government areas in Imo and Kaduna states were included.ParticipantsIn total, 824 adults, aged 35 years or older and resident in selected communities where the Access-N project was being implemented in Imo and Kaduna states participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe study assessed the level of hypertension and diabetes knowledge among the participants. Regular blood pressure (BP) and glucose screening practices were also examined as outcome measures.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 48.32 years. In total, 778 (94.4%) and 746 (90.5%) of the respondents were aware of hypertension and diabetes, respectively. The mean hypertension and diabetes knowledge scores (±SD) were 4.99 (±1.99) and 8.02 (±2.61), respectively. A total of 326 (41.9%) respondents aware of hypertension had a good knowledge of hypertension while 477 (63.9%) of those aware of diabetes had a good knowledge of diabetes. Levels of hypertension and diabetes knowledge were found to be associated with physical activity and the level of education of the respondents. About two-thirds (62.6%) and less than half (41.5%) of the respondents, respectively check their BP and blood glucose (BG) levels regularly (at least once yearly). Statistically significant associations were observed between age and regular BP and BG level checks.ConclusionsDespite the high awareness rate of hypertension and diabetes observed in this study and a relatively good knowledge about the two conditions, unhealthy lifestyle practices and non-regular routine screening abounds among the respondents. Thus, there is a need to improve access to quality information about hypertension and diabetes aimed at motivating adoption of healthy behaviours.

scholarly journals Level of Knowledge and Causes of Dental Disease among the Students of Selected Secondary Schools in Dhaka City

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
R Akhtar ◽  
MHA Khan ◽  
S Sharmin ◽  
G Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

To assess the level of knowledge and causes of dental disease among the urban school children a cross-sectional study was conducted in two secondary schools of Dhaka city. 20 students each of class 6, 7 & 8 from each school were randomly selected. List of the students was obtained from the teacher & from the list 20 were selected. Regarding the level of knowledge 54% were found to have average knowledge and 25.8% had good knowledge about causes of dental disease. People should be made more aware about the maintenance of oral hygiene for ensuring better oral health.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i1.16589 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.3(1) 2013: 12-15

scholarly journals The Knowledge of Sleep Medicine among Dental Interns in Northern Jordan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Alkhader ◽  
Rami Saadeh
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Northern Jordan

Abstract Objectives  The diagnosis and treatment of patients with sleep disorders are the most challenging issues in dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge among dental interns in Northern Jordan about sleep medicine and sleep disorders. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed using the Assessment of Sleep Knowledge in Medical Education (ASKME) questionnaire. The questionnaire was given to 88 dental interns (52 females and 36 males) in Northern Jordan. Chi-squared test was utilized for data analysis. Results The mean score of the ASKME questionnaire was 12 out of 30 (40%). The majority of dental interns (88.6%) correctly answered ≤ 50% of the questions. No association was found between gender and score results. Conclusions Dental interns in Northern Jordan have a low level of knowledge about sleep medicine and sleep disorders. Dental faculties should provide courses related to sleep medicine throughout undergraduate education.

scholarly journals Determinants of inter-practice variation in childhood asthma and respiratory infections: cross-sectional study of a national sentinel network

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e024372
Author(s):  
Uy Hoang ◽  
Harshana Liyanage ◽  
Rachel Coyle ◽  
Charles Godden ◽  
Simon Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practice Level ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tract Infections

ObjectivesRespiratory infections are associated with acute exacerbations of asthma and accompanying morbidity and mortality. In this study we explore inter-practice variations in respiratory infections in children with asthma and study the effect of practice-level factors on these variations.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWe analysed data from 164 general practices in the Royal College of General PractitionersResearch and Surveillance Centresentinel network in England.ParticipantsChildren 5–12 years.InterventionsNone. In this observational study, we used regression analysis to explore the impact of practice-level determinants on the number of respiratory infections in children with asthma.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe describe the distribution of childhood asthma and the determinants of upper/lower respiratory tract infections in these children.Results83.5% (137/164) practices were in urban locations; the mean number of general practitioners per practice was 7; and the mean duration since qualification 19.7 years. We found almost 10-fold difference in the rate of asthma (1.5–11.8 per 100 children) and 50-fold variation in respiratory infection rates between practices. Larger practices with larger lists of asthmatic children had greater rates of respiratory infections among these children.ConclusionWe showed that structural/environmental variables are consistent predictors of a range of respiratory infections among children with asthma. However, contradictory results between measures of practice clinical care show that a purely structural explanation for variability in respiratory infections is limited. Further research is needed to understand how the practice factors influence individual risk behaviours relevant to respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Relationship between right-to-left shunt and migraine in patients with epilepsy: a single-centre, cross-sectional study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e024144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
Xiangmiao Qiu ◽  
Yajiao Li ◽  
Yucheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Right ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between right-to-left shunt and migraine to account for the unexplained high prevalence of migraine in patients with epilepsy.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study. The diagnosis and interview process of patients with migraine was based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 beta in patients with epilepsy. Participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with contrast medium to identify right-to-left shunt. The highest number of microbubbles were recorded in the left atrium before the complete microbubble outflow of the right atrium. A moderate-to-large shunt was defined as the presence of 10 or more microbubbles.SettingA single-centre, cross-sectional study in China, 2015–2017.ParticipantsPatients with epilepsy.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the prevalence of migraine, the prevalence of right-to-left shunt in patients with migraine and those without migraine, and the prevalence of migraine in different degrees of shunting.ResultsThree hundred thirty-nine participants with epilepsy who completed TTE were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of migraine was 23.0%. One-third of the migraineurs had mild right-to-left shunt and one-fifth of the migraineurs had moderate-to-large right-to-left shunt. Patients with mild shunt did not have a higher prevalence of migraine than those without shunt (26.3% vs 18.1%, p=0.102); however, a higher prevalence of migraine was found in patients with moderate-to-large shunt (39.0% vs 18.1%, OR=2.90, 95% CI=1.41 to 5.98, p=0.003). Patients with migraine and patients without migraine had similar prevalence of mild shunt; however, patients with migraine had more moderate-to-large shunt (20.5% vs 9.6%, p=0.002). Right-to-left shunt and female were factors predicting migraine prevalence.ConclusionsOne-fifth of migraineurs were correlated with moderate-to-large right-to-left shunt which could be an underlying cause of migraine in epilepsy.

scholarly journals Weight underestimation linked to anxiety and depression in a cross-sectional study of overweight individuals in a Sami and non-Sami Norwegian population: the SAMINOR Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031810
Author(s):  
Kirsti Kvaløy ◽  
Marita Melhus ◽  
Anne Silviken ◽  
Ann Ragnhild Broderstad
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesUnderestimation of overweight/obesity may prevent weight loss attempts, resulting in further weight gain and maintenance of overweight. Mental health benefits may nevertheless surpass negative consequences. Our main objective was to study the association between underestimation of overweight/obesity and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Sami and non-Sami populations.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe SAMINOR 2 Clinical Study with participants from 10 municipalities in Northern Norway enrolled between 2012 and 2014.ParticipantsThe study included 3266 adults of multiethnic rural origin with overweight/obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2) whereof 1384 underestimated their weight (42%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was symptoms of anxiety and depression and secondary outcome measures were BMI and the demographic variables: sex, age, education and marital status.ResultsA higher proportion of Sami men compared with non-Sami men were obese, and reported more symptoms of anxiety and depression. More men than women, and a higher proportion of Sami women compared with non-Sami women, underestimated their weight. Multivariable-adjusted analyses showed that women were less likely to underestimate their weight compared with men (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.55 in Sami and OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.42 in non-Sami), higher BMI was protective against weight underestimation (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.75 in Sami and OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.67 in non-Sami), slightly higher odds of weight underestimation were observed with increasing age in both ethnic groups (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05 in Sami and OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03 in non-Sami), while higher education lowered the odds in non-Sami (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.87). Weight underestimation was protectively associated with anxiety and depression in Sami men (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.84) and in non-Sami women (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.78) adjusted for age, BMI, education and marital status.ConclusionsIndependent of ethnicity, more men than women underestimated their weight. Underestimation of weight was protectively associated with anxiety and depression in Sami men and non-Sami women.

scholarly journals Self-Illusion and Medical Expertise in the Era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Claessens ◽  
Olivia Keita-Perse ◽  
Frédéric Berthier ◽  
Jocelyn Raude ◽  
Gilles Chironi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Expertise ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The Dunning-Kruger premise assumes that unqualified people are unaware of their limited skills. We tested this hypothesis in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, 2487 participants had to self-estimate their knowledge about COVID-19 in a questionnaire on the topic. Poor performers were more likely to use mass media and social networks as sources of information and had lower levels of education. The mean self-assessment (SD) was 6.88 (2.06) and was not linked to actual level of knowledge. This observation should prompt regulatory agencies and media to apply rules that limit dissemination of “infodemics” during global health crises.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Associated Factors toward COVID-19 among Nurses Who Work in South Gondar Zone, Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia 2020, Institution-based cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejen Getaneh Feleke ◽  
Sheganew Fetene Tassew ◽  
Ermiase Sisay Chanie
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Favorable Attitude ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
South Gondar

Abstract BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging respiratory disease that is caused by a novel coronavirus and was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The world is affected by the Corona Virus Disease in 2019. In sub-Saharan Africa Including Ethiopia there is no study conducted on level of Knowledge, Attitude and Associated Factors toward Coronavirus disease in 2019 among Health care workers Specifically Nurses.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the level of Knowledge, Attitude and Associated Factors toward Coronavirus disease in 2019 among Nurses Who Work in South Gondar Zone, Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.MethodsAn Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 166 Nurses in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia, From June 1st -30/2020. To select study participants after proportional allocation of study subjects to each Hospital, simple random sampling technique were to be used. The Data was entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1, and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences window version 24 for analysis. Binary and Multivariable logistic regression wasl used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare association. Finally; the result is presented in the form of texts, tables, and graphs.ResultsOf 166 Nurses, 166 (100% response rate) responded to the online interview questionnaire. From 166 nurses, 57.2% of the participants were Females and 42.8% were males, 41.6 % of the respondents were between the ages of 20 and 29 years. About 84.9 % had good knowledge and 63.3% favorable attitude of COVID-19. Wearing general medical masks can prevent one from acquiring infection by the co vid-19 virus (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI =0.005-0.362 were factors of knowledge about COVID-19. Whereas, strongly agree Medical staffs are ready to participate in antiepidemic in the community (AOR =0.08, 95% CI = (0.003-1.76 Were factors of attitude about COVID-19.ConclusionIn this study, most of the nurses had good knowledge and favorable attitude regarding COVID-19. Wearing general medical masks can prevent one from acquiring infection by the covid-19 virus were the factors in association with knowledge OF nurses on COVID-19. Similarly, Medical staffs are ready to participate in antiepidemic in the community factors association with attitudes of nurses on COVID-19.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (C-PHQ-9) in patients with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e033211
Author(s):  
Xin Ye ◽  
Hui-Ling Shu ◽  
Xia Feng ◽  
Deng-mei Xia ◽  
Zheng-qun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Mean

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (C-PHQ-9) in patients with psoriasis.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTertiary care centre.ParticipantsPatients with psoriasis who have not been diagnosed with depression (n=148; mean age 43.37±17.46 years; 31.19% female).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures considered in this study were the C-PHQ-9 and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). The American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-V) was used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of depression. Cronbach’s α and test–retest reliability after 1 week were evaluated using reliability analysis, and criterion and structural validity were assessed using validity analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the best demarcation score and diagnostic accuracy.ResultsCompared with DSM-V (27.27%), both C-PHQ-9 (39.19%) and HAMD (31.01%) had higher rates for detecting depression. The mean completion time for C-PHQ-9 evaluation (2.02±0.84 min) was significantly less than that for HAMD (23.37±3.21 min, p<0.001). The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the C-PHQ-9 was 0.938. The correlation coefficients of the nine items with the total scale ranged from 0.540 to 0.854, and the mean inter-item correlation coefficients ranged from 0.376 to 0.933. After a week, the retest coefficient was 0.955 (p<0.01). Principal component factor analysis showed that C-PHQ-9 identified a unifactorial structure. The best cut-off point was 9 points, with a sensitivity of 98.00% and a specificity of 90.80%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.979 (95% CI 0.968 to 0.991).ConclusionC-PHQ-9 has good reliability and validity in patients with psoriasis and can be used for primary screening of patients with psoriasis and depression. This scale has obvious time and labour advantages over the HAMD and should be considered for use in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Awareness and Practice of Prevention of Myocardial Infarction among Hypertensive Patients: Cross Sectional Study in a Tertiary Cardiac Centre of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Asmita Adhikari ◽  
Buna Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Myocardial Infraction ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background and Aims: Hypertension is one of the emerging public health problems in developing country like Nepal. Among complications of hypertension, Myocardial Infarction is most distressing. Although, myocardial infarction is life threatening disease, it is yet preventable. Good knowledge and practice is required for prevention and control of myocardial infarction. Therefore, this study intended to assess knowledge and practice of hypertensive patients regarding prevention of myocardial infarction.Methods: Hospital based cross- sectional study was conducted among ninety-six hypertensive patients in outpatient department of Sahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Nepal. Purposive sampling method was used to select calculated number of study participants. Data was collected by interview method using structured questionnaire and descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data.Results: More than half of the participants (60.4%) had high level of knowledge of prevention of myocardial infarction whereas 39.6% had low level of knowledge. Similarly, 57.3% had good practice; however, 42.7% had poor practice. This study found significant association of knowledge with gender, education and socio-economic status. In the same manner, there was significant association of practice with ethnicity and awareness of disease.Conclusion: Only around half of the hypertensive patients had good knowledge and practice of the prevention of myocardial infraction. Therefore, awareness level should be increased and identified factors needs to be addressed.Nepalese Heart Journal 2017; 14(1): 25-28

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Breast Feeding Among Primiparous and Multiparous Mothers in an Urban Slum, West Tripura: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 403-409
Author(s):  
Chanda Mog
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

Background:Inadequate knowledge or inappropriate practices of breastfeeding may lead to undesirable consequences.Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding breastfeeding among primiparous and multiparous mothers in an urban slum. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 200 mothers (100 primiparous and 100 multipara) in an urban slum and eligible mothers were selected using simple random sample technique. Results: The mean knowledge score on breastfeeding for the primiparous mothers was 8.4 ±1.8 and multiparous was 9.5±2.2. The mean attitude score for the primiparous mothers was 47.27±3.09 and 48.38±2.7 for the multiparous mothers. Out of 200 mothers, 118 (59%) had adequate knowledge and 86 (43%) mothers were correctly done breast feeding practices. However, 52% multiparous were found more correctly practicing breastfeeding than primiparous (34%) and it was statistically significant (P=0.01). The level of knowledge among multiparaous (71%) were found more adequate than primiparous (47%) and significant difference was observed (P=0.001). Most of mothers (83%) had positive attitude towards breastfeeding (82% primiparous and 84% multiparous) and mothers did not have any negative attitude towards breastfeeding. Conclusions: The level of Knowledge is still needed to be improved in primipara mothers and however, the correct practice of breastfeeding was also found low in primipara mothers than multipara mothers. These findings suggest an urgent need for dissemination of information about optimal breastfeeding practices through mass media and education of mothers during antenatal visits and immunization sessions especially in primipara mothers in the study area.

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