scholarly journals Proximal deep vein thrombosis among hospitalised medical and obstetric patients in Rwandan university teaching hospitals: prevalence and associated risk factors: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e032604
Author(s):  
Regine Mugeni ◽  
Eugene Nkusi ◽  
Eric Rutaganda ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Florence Masaisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by ultrasound scanning, as well as associated clinical features and known risk factors, among medical and obstetrics–gynaecology inpatients in two Rwandan tertiary hospitals.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingsRwanda teaching hospitals: Kigali and Butare University Teaching Hospitals.Participants901 adult patients admitted to the Departments of Internal Medicine and Obstetrics–Gynecology (O&G) who were at least 21 years of age and willing to provide a consent.OutcomesPrevalence of proximal DVT, clinical features and known risk factors associated with DVT.MethodsBetween August 2015 and August 2016, participants were screened for DVT by compressive ultrasound of femoral and popliteal veins, conducted as a monthly cross-sectional survey of all consenting eligible inpatients. Patients completed a self-report survey on DVT risk factors. Prevalence of proximal DVT by compression ultrasonography was the primary endpoint, with univariate and multivariate regression analyses performed to assess associated clinical features and risk factors.ResultsProximal DVT was found in 5.5% of the study population, with similar rates in medical and O&G inpatients. The mean age was 41±16 SD (range, 21–91), 70% were female and 7% were pregnant. Univariate analysis showed active malignancy, immobilisation, prolonged recent travel and history of DVT to be significant risk factors for proximal DVT (all p values <0.05); while only active malignancy was an independent risk factor on multivariate regression (OR 5.2; 95% CI 2.0 to 13). Leg pain or tenderness, increased calf circumference, unilateral limb swelling or pitting oedema were predictive clinical features of DVT on both univariate analysis and multivariate regression (all p values <0.05).ConclusionProximal DVT prevalence is high among hospitalised medical and O&G patients in two tertiary hospitals in Rwanda. For reducing morbidity and mortality, research to develop Africa-specific clinical prediction tools for DVT and interventions to increase thromboprophylaxis use in the region are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Knowledge of breast cancer among medical students in Syrian Private University, Syria: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hlma Ismail ◽  
Mosa Shibani ◽  
Hanaa Wael Zahrawi ◽  
Ali Fouad Slitin ◽  
Mhd Amin Alzabibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Private University ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and the second leading cause of cancer death globally. Since early diagnosis is crucial to reducing mortality, high levels of knowledge regarding general information, risk factors, and symptoms are required among healthcare professionals to deliver breast cancer care. This study aimed to determine Syrian medical students’ knowledge about breast cancer in the fields of general knowledge, common clinical features, and risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Syrian Private University in October 2019 (Breast Cancer Awareness Month), Damascus, during the Syrian war crisis. Data were collected through self-administered surveys and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., United States). The chi-square test was applied to assess the relationship between the level of knowledge and gender. One way analysis of variance was performed to assess the overall differences in mean knowledge score by study year, GPA, mother’s education, and source of information. Unpaired Student’s T-test was used to analyze the differences in mean knowledge scores (continuous variable) based on smoking status and alcohol consumption. Results Of 320 students, 301 completed the questionnaire (response rate = 94.0%), of which 179(59.5%) were males. The study revealed above-average knowledge scores (total mean = 68.4%) regarding breast cancer, general information (71.9%), common clinical features (71.6%), and risk factors (71.6%). Clinical students (4th, 5th, and 6th years) scored higher compared with pre-clinical students (1st, 2nd, and 3rd years). Conclusion This study showed above-average knowledge scores regarding breast cancer. More efforts to correct misinformation, through reassessing the university curriculum and promoting awareness about breast cancer are required.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Features of Atopic Dermatitis in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Lin-Feng Li ◽  
Da-yu Zhao ◽  
Yi-wei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
History Of

Background. The epidemiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Chinese outpatients is yet to be clarified.Objectives. To investigate population-based prevalence and clinical features of AD in Chinese outpatients.Methods. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatients with eczema or dermatitis from 39 tertiary hospitals in 15 provinces.Results. This study included 682 patients diagnosed with AD, with the mean age of28.8±20.1years and the median course of5.3±6.9years. AD patients had more severe itching (30.4% versus 13.8%,p<0.001) and clinically suspected bacterial infection (21.7% versus 16.1%,p<0.001) than those of other types of dermatitis. Older patients were more susceptible to have a history of flexion dermatitis (p<0.001), bacterial infection (p=0.005), and severe itching (p<0.001). Outpatients with clinically suspected bacterial infection had 3.53-fold increased risk of AD than those without it (p<0.001). The morbidity rate of AD in the (20–25°N) region is 2.86 times higher than that in the (40–45°N) region [OR (95% CI): 0.352 (0.241–0.514),p<0.001].Conclusions. AD is characterized by unique clinical/demographic features. Bacterial infection and latitude region may have an impact on the incidence of AD in China.

scholarly journals The Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Bacterial Profile of Cesarean Surgical Site Infections at a University Teaching Hospital in South Western Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Wound Sepsis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotics Use

Introduction: The single most important risk factor for post-partum maternal infection is Cesarean section (C/S) with a 5-20-fold greater risk for infection compared to a vaginal delivery. Post Cesarean wound infection is diagnosed in 2.5 to 16 percent of patients. Early wound infections (in the first 24 to 48 hours) are usually due to group A or B beta-hemolytic streptococcus and are characterized by high fever and cellulitis while later infections are likely due to Staphylococcus epidermises or aureus, Escherichia coli, or Proteus species. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors and bacterial profile of wound sepsis following Cesarean at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods: A cross sectional study of mothers who delivered by Cesarean at MRRH was conducted. Mothers were recruited consecutively until the sample size was achieved. The main dependent variable was wound sepsis confirmed by a positive culture for microorganisms. Results: Of the 359 mothers recruited in the study, 54 (15.5%) developed Cesarean wound sepsis. The risk factors associated with post Cesarean wound sepsis were severe anemia, lack of preoperative antibiotics use, poor antenatal attendance, mothers referred from peripheral health facilities, abnormal Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, more than five vaginal examinations, prolonged rupture of membranes before C/S, and prolonged labour. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 48.2% of all the septic cases and most of the bacterial isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid and resistant to penicillin. Conclusion: The prevalence of post Cesarean wound sepsis is high with staphylococcus aureus being the most common bacteria isolated in infected wounds. Most of the bacteria were susceptible to third generation cephalosporins and quinolones. Antibiotics use was protective against developing wound sepsis.

scholarly journals HBV and HCV serological markers in patients with the hepatosplenic form of mansonic schistosomiasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéfferson Luis de Almeida Silva ◽  
Veridiana Sales Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Tatiana Aguiar Santos Vilella ◽  
Ana Lúcia C. Domingues ◽  
Maria Rosângela Cunha Duarte Coêlho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

CONTEXT: Blood transfusion is one of the major risk factors for the transmission of the hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses. However, there are no reports describing the endoscopic transmission of these viruses in patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of serological markers of HBV and HCV in patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis and evaluate the possible risk factors associated with these infections. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 230 patients with hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis who attended a university hospital in Recife, Northeastern Brazil, from February to August 2008. The patients answered a standardized questionnaire about risk factors. Serum samples were analyzed for anti-HBc total, anti-HBs, HBsAg, and anti-HCV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence was 30% for anti-HBc total and/or HBsAg and 7.4% for anti-HCV. There was a higher frequency of the serological markers in females and in patients aged .50 years. A significant association was detected between the presence of anti-HCV and the receipt of six or more blood transfusions. There was no association of history and number of digestive endoscopies with the serological markers analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a higher prevalence of serological markers for HBV and a lower prevalence of anti-HCV. Our results indicate that females and patients of an advanced age are the most affected categories and that patients that received multiple transfusions are at a higher probability of HCV infection.

scholarly journals Diabetics-Related Foot Deformity: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Knowledge and Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amenu Tolera Wirtu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
South West Ethiopia

Neuromusculoskeletal functions interplay in maintaining normal gait patterns. Changes in foot posture and architecture are results of diseases. For Instance, diabetes impacts human biomechanics of running and weight bearing of the foot. We conducted a prospective cross sectional study to assess the risk factors of anatomical foot changes in patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus. It was carried out in normal 196 subjects at Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital, Bench-Sheko zone, South-West, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaires and diabetic foot assessment checklists. Data analysis was done using SPSS, version 24. Whereas, randomly selected associated risk factors were assessed using multivariate linear regression model. Our results

scholarly journals Female Urinary Incontinence: Prevalence and Impact on the Quality of Life of Gynaecological Clinic Attendees in Lagos, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
FM Akinlusi ◽  
TA Ottun ◽  
YA Oshodi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
State University ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Aims: To determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI); risk factors; impact on quality of life and symptom specific health seeking behaviour. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 395 women attending gynaecological clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. UI was defined as the complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine in the previous six months. Socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrics, gynaecological, medical and surgical risk factors, impact on daily activities and treatment history were assessed. Univariate, bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. Results: Participants age ranged from 25-67 years with a mean of 38.81 ± 10.1. Prevalence of UI was 32.9%.  Urge UI occurred in 18.0% of all respondents while the prevalence of stress and mixed incontinence was 7.3% and 7.6% respectively. Independent risk factors for urinary incontinence were age (OR= 0.49, 95%;CI = 0.26-0.92), higher body mass index (OR = 1.92; 95% CI =1.53-3.00) and history of constipation(OR = 2.11; 95% CI =1.30 - 3.43). About47%of those with UI admitted to having negative feelings such as despair, anxiety and depression while 45% had a cumulative moderate to severe affectation of their quality of life in all domains. Despite these, only 27.7% sought help. Conclusions: Despite thesubstantial impact of UI on the quality of life, majority do not seek help. Addressing modifiable risks factors, improving treatment seeking behaviour by correction of misconceptions and elimination of stigma will go a long way in reducing the prevalence of UI.

scholarly journals Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintya Andriani ◽  
Nur Indrawati Lipoeto ◽  
Bobby Indra Utama
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Value

AbstrakPreeklampsia merupakan penyebab utama kematian maternal selain perdarahan dan infeksi. Penyebab pasti terjadinya preeklampsia belum diketahui, namun terdapat faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi kejadian preeklampsia. Di RSUP Dr. M Djamil Padang terjadi peningkatan kasus preeklampsia setiap tahunnya dari tahun 2008-2012. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dan kejadian preeklampsia di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian dilakukan di bagian Rekam Medis dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional study komparatif terhadap 46 pasien preeklampsia dan 46 ibu hamil yang tidak preeklampsia yang bersalin di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang dalam kisaran tahun 2011-2013. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan nilai rerata IMT sebelum hamil pada pasien preeklampsia dengan nilai 24,15 kg/m2 berada pada kategori overweight, sedangkan ibu hamil yang tidak preeklampsia berada pada kategori normal, dengan nilai rerata IMT 22,3 kg/m2. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat menggunakan Mann Whitney tes diperoleh nilai P: 0,014 (P<0,05). Kesimpulan penelitianini adalah terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara IMT dengan kejadian preeklampsia di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang.Kata kunci: preeklampsia, faktor risiko, indeks massa tubuh AbstractPreeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal death in addition to bleeding and infection. The exact cause of preeclampsia still unknown, but there are risk factors that affect the preeclampsia’s incident. There was an increase of preeclampsia’s case in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang each year from 2008-2012. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between Body Mass Indeks (BMI) and preeclampsia’s incident in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. The research was done at medical records department using cross sectional study comparative’s design toward 46 preeclamptic patients and 46 pregnant women who did not preeclampsia, which gave birth in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang on the range 2011-2013. Results of univariate analysis showed that BMI average value of patients with preeclampsia before pregnant were in overweight category (24,15 kg/m2), whereas pregnant women who did not preeclampsia are in normal category (22,3 kg/m2). Based on bivariate analysis using the Mann Whitney test, p value was obtained 0,014 (P<0,05). The conclusion is there’s significant correlation between BMI with preeclampsia’s incident in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang.Keywords: preeclampsia, risk factors, body mass indeks

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on the prevalence and risk factors of fall among the elderly in an urban slum in Chennai

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Senthil Kumar ◽  
Kamali Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Background: Falls are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly people. Falls lead to multiple medical and psychological problems in the elderly. Aim was to study the prevalence of falls among the elderly and to find the associated risk factors for falls among the elderly living in an urban slum in Chennai.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among elderly population over 60 years and above, in an urban slum area. About 150 elderly were selected using simple random sampling method, using the voters list as the sampling frame. A pretested questionnaire was administered to collect information about falls. In statistical analysis univariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed using SPSS version 22.Results: Of the 150 elderly persons studied, prevalence of falls rate is 35.3% (95% CI 28.13 to 43.26). Of them 64.1% had one episode of fall and 35.8% had recurrent falls. The prevalence of fall among persons with comorbidities like hypertension or diabetes was 39.3% and 36.1% respectively .The rate of fall among those using a walking stick was 58.3%, having tremors was 15% and having abnormal gait was 40%. The risk factors found to be significantly associated in univariate analysis were gender and presence of tremors (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis none of the factors showed statistical significance.Conclusions: Falls are very common among elderly. It is utmost important to prevent the falls by making necessary environmental modifications and following healthy lifestyle. 

scholarly journals Assessing The Knowledge, Attitude And Practice (KAP) of Prediabetes Management Among Healthcare Providers in Four Tertiary Hospitals In Nigeria: An Observational-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Dr. Kenneth Ogar Inaku ◽  
Dr. Ifeyinwa Dorothy Nnakenyi ◽  
Dr. Lucius Chidebere Imohc ◽  
Dr. Akeem Oyeyemi Lawal ◽  
Dr. Emin Johnson Emine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: An estimated 6.3 million Nigerians were reported to have prediabetes in 2015 placing Nigeria in the 9th position in world ranking. This number is projected to become 12.9 million by 2040. One way of reversing this trend is early identification of individuals at risk. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice of health care providers toward prediabetes diagnosis and management. Methods: This was an observational-based cross-sectional study involving the use of self administered questionnaire to doctors from the departments of internal medicine, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology, family medicine and others. Results: In all, 358 questionnaires out of 410 were selected. All 10 risk factors for prediabetes were correctly identified by 82/358 (22.9%) participants with 300/358 (83.8%) able to identify at least 5 risk factors. Laboratory reference interval of 5.6 – 6.9 mmol/L for diagnosing prediabetes using fasting plasma glucose were correctly identified by 70/358 (19.6%) (lower value) and 14.5% (upper value) respectively. American Diabetes Association guidelines for prediabetes screening was the most familiar to 272(76.0%) respondents even though 144/358(40.2%) do not consider prediabetes as a condition that requires specific management. Over half 186/358(52%) of respondents agreed that metformin use can reduce the risk of diabetes in individuals with prediabetes but only 6/358(1.7%) have ever discussed starting metformin with their patients. Conclusion: There is need to educate medical doctors about risk factors for prediabetes and its management to curb the rising diabetes epidemic in Nigeria.

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