scholarly journals Mental health selection: common mental disorder and migration between multiple states of deprivation in a UK cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e033238
Author(s):  
Giles Greene ◽  
Andrea Gartner ◽  
Daniel Farewell ◽  
Lazlo Trefan ◽  
Alisha R Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Health Selection ◽  
The Social ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
And Migration

ObjectivesTo assess whether the direction of movement along the social gradient was associated with changes in mental health status.DesignLongitudinal record-linkage study using a multistate model.SettingCaerphilly, Wales, UK between 2001 and 2015.ParticipantsThe analytical sample included 10 892 (60.8% female) individuals aged 18–74 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDeprivation change at lower super output area level using the 2008 Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation. Mental health was assessed in 2001 and 2008 using the Mental Health Inventory subscale of the short-form 36 V.2.ResultsMental health selection was shown whereby individuals with common mental health disorders were less likely to move to areas of lower deprivation but more likely to move to areas of greater deprivation.ConclusionPoor mental health seems to drive health selection in a similar way to poor physical health. Therefore, funding targeted at areas of higher deprivation should consider the demand to be potentially higher as individuals with poor mental health may migrate into that area.

scholarly journals Patients in General Practice in Denmark Referred to Physiotherapists: A Description of Patient Characteristics Based on General Health Status, Diagnoses, and Sociodemographic Characteristics

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Krogh Jørgensen ◽  
Per Fink ◽  
Frede Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Medical Outcomes ◽  
Summary Scale

Abstract Background and Purpose. Both musculoskeletal illness and mental illness characterized by somatic symptoms are common in primary care, and it is hypothesized that many patients with musculoskeletal illness have relatively poor mental health. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients in general practice in Denmark who are referred to physiotherapists with signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal illness. Subjects and Methods. One hundred ninety-four general practitioners, representing 124 practices, participated in a survey of 2,042 consecutive patients with musculoskeletal illness. Results. The diagnoses were generally poorly defined. Compared with the general population, patients with musculoskeletal illness had markedly poorer physical health and poorer mental health. Patients with poorly defined diagnoses did not differ from patients with well-defined diagnoses in terms of physical health, but they scored lower on the mental health component summary scale of the Danish version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Conclusion and Discussion. Of the patients referred to physiotherapists by general practitioners in Denmark, the subgroup with poorly defined diagnoses had lower mental health scores than those with well-defined diagnoses, suggesting that a biopsychosocial approach to care may be appropriate for this group of patients.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of the bi-directional relationship between tobacco smoking and psychological distress in a community sample of young Australian women

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1273-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leung ◽  
C. Gartner ◽  
W. Hall ◽  
J. Lucke ◽  
A. Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Smoking History

BackgroundTobacco smoking and poor mental health are both prevalent and detrimental health problems in young women. The temporal relationship between the two variables is unclear. We investigated the prospective bi-directional relationship between smoking and mental health over 13 years.MethodParticipants were a randomly selected community sample of 10 012 young women with no experience of pregnancy, aged 18–23 years at baseline (1996) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Follow-up surveys over 13 years were completed in 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009, allowing for five waves of data. Measures included self-reported smoking and mental health measured by the Mental Health Index from the 36-item short-form health questionnaire and the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Sociodemographic control variables included marital status, education level and employment status.ResultsA strong cross-sectional dose–response relationship between smoking and poor mental health was found at each wave [odds ratio (OR) 1.41, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.17–1.70 to OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.82–2.81]. Longitudinal results showed that women who smoked had 1.21 (95% CI 1.06–1.39) to 1.62 (95% CI 1.24–2.11) times higher odds of having poor mental health at subsequent waves. Women with poor mental health had 1.12 (95% CI 1.17–1.20) to 2.11 (95% CI 1.68–2.65) times higher odds of smoking at subsequent waves. These results held after adjusting for mental health history and smoking history and sociodemographic factors. Correlation analysis and structural equation modelling results were consistent in showing that both directions of the relationship were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe association between poor mental health and smoking in young women appeared to be bi-directional.

scholarly journals Taking an intersectional approach to define latent classes of socioeconomic status, ethnicity and migration status for psychiatric epidemiological research

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Goodwin ◽  
B. Gazard ◽  
L. Aschan ◽  
S. MacCrimmon ◽  
M. Hotopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Migration Status ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
And Migration

Aims.Inequalities in mental health are well documented using individual social statuses such as socioeconomic status (SES), ethnicity and migration status. However, few studies have taken an intersectional approach to investigate inequalities in mental health using latent class analysis (LCA). This study will examine the association between multiple indicator classes of social identity with common mental disorder (CMD).Methods.Data on CMD symptoms were assessed in a diverse inner London sample of 1052 participants in the second wave of the South East London Community Health study. LCA was used to define classes of social identity using multiple indicators of SES, ethnicity and migration status. Adjusted associations between CMD and both individual indicators and multiple indicators of social identity are presented.Results.LCA identified six groups that were differentiated by varying levels of privilege and disadvantage based on multiple SES indicators. This intersectional approach highlighted nuanced differences in odds of CMD, with the economically inactive group with multiple levels of disadvantage most likely to have a CMD. Adding ethnicity and migration status further differentiated between groups. The migrant, economically inactive and White British, economically inactive classes both had increased odds of CMD.Conclusions.This is the first study to examine the intersections of SES, ethnicity and migration status with CMD using LCA. Results showed that both the migrant, economically inactive and the White British, economically inactive classes had a similarly high prevalence of CMD. Findings suggest that LCA is a useful methodology for investigating health inequalities by intersectional identities.

scholarly journals Mental and physical illness in caregivers: results from an English national survey sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Smith ◽  
Juliana Onwumere ◽  
Tom Craig ◽  
Sally McManus ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Symptom ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Social ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Caregiving Roles

BackgroundCaregivers make a significant and growing contribution to the social and medical care of people with long-standing disorders. The effective provision of this care is dependent on their own continuing health.AimsTo investigate the relationship between weekly time spent caregiving and psychiatric and physical morbidity in a representative sample of the population of England.MethodPrimary outcome measures were obtained from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007. Self-report measures of mental and physical health were used, along with total symptom scores for common mental disorder derived from the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised.ResultsIn total, 25% (n = 1883) of the sample identified themselves as caregivers. They had poorer mental health and higher psychiatric symptom scores than non-caregivers. There was an observable decline in mental health above 10 h per week. A twofold increase in psychiatric symptom scores in the clinical range was recorded in those providing care for more than 20 h per week. In adjusted analyses, there was no excess of physical disorders in caregivers.ConclusionsWe found strong evidence that caregiving affects the mental health of caregivers. Distress frequently reaches clinical thresholds, particularly in those providing most care. Strategies for maintaining the mental health of caregivers are needed, particularly as demographic changes are set to increase involvement in caregiving roles.

scholarly journals Are Volunteering and Caregiving Associated with Suicide Risk? A Census-based Longitudinal Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S87-S87
Author(s):  
D. O’Reilly ◽  
M. Rosato ◽  
A. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Competing Interest

BackgroundThis record linkage study explores the suicide risk of people engaged in caregiving and volunteering. Theory suggests opposing risks as volunteering is associated with better mental health and caregiving with a higher prevalence and incidence of depression.MethodsA 2011 census-based study of 1,018,000 people aged 25–74 years (130,816 caregivers and 110,467 volunteers; 42,099 engaged in both). All attributes were based on census records. Caregiving was categorised as either light (1–19 hours/week) or more intense (20+ hours/week). Suicide risk was based on 45 months of death records and assessed using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for and stratification by mental health status at census.ResultsMore intense caregiving was associated with worse mental health (ORadj = 1.15: 95%CI = 1.12, 1.18); volunteering with better mental health (OR 0.87; 95%CIs 0.84, 0.89). The cohort experienced 528 suicides during follow-up. Both volunteering and caregiving were associated with a lower risk of suicide though this was modified by baseline mental ill-health (P = 0.003), HR 0.66; 95%CIs 0.49, 0.88 for those engaged in either activity and with good mental health at baseline and HR 1.02; 95%CIs 0.69, 1.51 for their peers with poor mental health. There was some indication that those engaged in both activities had the lowest suicide risk (HR 0.34; 95%CIs 0.14, 0.84).ConclusionsDespite the poorer mental health amongst caregivers they are not at increased risk of suicide. The significant overlap between caregiving and volunteering and the lower risk of suicide for those engaged in both activities may indicate a synergism of action.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Risk Marker or Risk Mechanism? The Effect of Family, Household, and Parental Imprisonment on Children and Adults’ Social Support and Mental Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1154-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten L. Besemer ◽  
Steve G. A. van de Weijer ◽  
Susan M. Dennison
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Close Family Member ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Close Family

There is robust evidence of associations between parental imprisonment (PI) and a variety of harms to children, but the consequences of other forms of family imprisonment are largely unknown. Using Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA), a nationally representative Australian data set, this article looked at the direct effects of PI, household member imprisonment (HI), or close family member imprisonment (CFI) on the social support and mental health of nonincarcerated adults and young people. Recent PI, HI, or CFI had no association with social support. Recent CFI did increase men’s risk of poor mental health, but not women’s or young people’s. We consider the implications of these findings in the context of strong negative effects of paternal imprisonment on mothers in the United States.

scholarly journals Positive Mental Health Scale: Validation of the Mental Health Continuum - Short Form

Psico-USF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner de Lara Machado ◽  
Denise Ruschel Bandeira
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Mental Health ◽  
Brazilian Version ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Individual

<p>The <italic>Mental Health Continuum - Short Form</italic> (MHC-SF) is a self-reporting instrument for assessing positive mental health, which is understood as symptoms of positive affection, self-development and social connectivity. The present article describes the adaptation and validation of the MHC-SF for the Brazilian Portuguese language in a sample of 686 adults, which included 72.7% female participants and had an average age of 33.9 (<italic>SD</italic>= 11.30) years. The various methods employed to assess the MHC-SF psychometric properties (principal component analysis, factor analysis, Item Response Theory and network analysis) indicated that a unidimensional structure is sufficient to represent the structure of the instrument and its high reliability. In addition, the results showed that the individual-centered aspects of mental health are more easily manifested relative to the social-oriented aspects. The Brazilian version of the MHC-SF is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of positive mental health.</p>

scholarly journals Flood- and Weather-Damaged Homes and Mental Health: An Analysis Using England’s Mental Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Graham ◽  
Piran White ◽  
Jacqui Cotton ◽  
Sally McManus
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Population Exposure

There is increasing evidence that exposure to weather-related hazards like storms and floods adversely affects mental health. However, evidence of treated and untreated mental disorders based on diagnostic criteria for the general population is limited. We analysed the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, a large probability sample survey of adults in England (n = 7525), that provides the only national data on the prevalence of mental disorders assessed to diagnostic criteria. The most recent survey (2014–2015) asked participants if they had experienced damage to their home (due to wind, rain, snow or flood) in the six months prior to interview, a period that included months of unprecedented population exposure to flooding, particularly in Southern England. One in twenty (4.5%) reported living in a storm- or flood-damaged home in the previous six months. Social advantage (home ownership, higher household income) increased the odds of exposure to storm or flood damage. Exposure predicted having a common mental disorder over and above the effects of other known predictors of poor mental health. With climate change increasing the frequency and severity of storms and flooding, improving community resilience and disaster preparedness is a priority. Evidence on the mental health of exposed populations is key to building this capacity.

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