scholarly journals Sociodemographic predictors of early postnatal growth: evidence from a Chilean infancy cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e033695
Author(s):  
Ann Von Holle ◽  
Kari E North ◽  
Sheila Gahagan ◽  
Raquel A Burrows ◽  
Estela Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Average Growth

ObjectivesInfant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingsLow-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991–1996).Participants1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants.Main outcome measuresLongitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP).ResultsLower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (−0.22, 95% CI –0.31 to –0.13)—outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)—outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters.ConclusionPrevious research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth.

scholarly journals Pola dan Parameter Pertumbuhan Ikan Tangkapan Dominan (Oreochromis niloticus, Osteochilus sp. dan Xiphophorus helleri) di Danau Buyan Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Suma Krisna Sravishta ◽  
I Wayan Arthana ◽  
Made Ayu Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
K Value ◽  
Xiphophorus Helleri ◽  
L Value

Bali Province has four lakes one of them is Buyan Lake. The benefits of Buyan Lake are as a reserve of water used to flow agriculture, settlements and for tourism attraction. In addition there is also the potential of Buyan Lake natural resources of fish is quite abundant. But there are threats arising from the utilization in Buyan Lake so it is feared to disrupt the growth of fish. Therefore it is necessary to do research concern with growth pattern and parameter of dominant catch fish in Buyan Lake. The aimed of this research was to determined the composition of fish catches, estimate the frequency distribution of fish catches and estimate growth patterns and growth parameters of dominant catch fish in Buyan Lake. This research was conducted from February to March 2017. There were nine species captured during observation such as Oreochromis niloticus, Osteochilus sp., Xiphophorus helleri, Rasbora lateristriata, Cyprinus carpio L, Amatitlania nigrofasciata, Puntius sp., Clarias gariepinus and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The growth pattern of Oreochromis niloticus, Osteochilus sp. and Xiphophorus helleri in Lake Buyan have the same growth pattern that were allometric negative (b <3).  Oreochromis niloticus growth parameter obtained L? of 255.1926 mm, K value of 0.2833, t0 value of -0.3260, Osteochilus sp. growth parameter obtained L? value of 251.3837 mm, K value of 0.5261 t0 value of -0.1697, Xiphophorus helleri growth parameter obtained L? value of 82.5826 mm, K value of 0.2379, t0 value of -0.5338. Osteochilus sp. had the highest growth coefficient of 0.5261.

scholarly journals Growth curve of Repartida goats reared in the Caatinga region, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanna Chácara Pires ◽  
Théa Mírian Medeiros Machado ◽  
Paulo Luiz Souza Carneiro ◽  
João Batista Lopes da Silva ◽  
Andréa Duarte de Holanda Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Nutritional Deficit ◽  
Weight Data

This work aimed to determine which non-linear model (Brody, Gompertz, logistic, von Bertalanffy or Richards) best represents the average growth curve of goats, in addition to evaluating the effect of the environment. The weight data of 40 Repartida goats reared in the Brazil Caatinga were included in this study. Weight data was collected every 30 days from birth until 270 days of age. The parameters of the models (A, mature body weight; B, constant of integration; k, maturation rate; m, inflection point) were estimated using the NLIN procedure of SAS. The logistic model showed a slightly higher average fit in comparison to the other models. The absolute growth rate suggests that the maximum growth rate was reached early. The effect of the contemporary groups was significant (P < 0.05), but only for the estimated k parameter. The estimated correlation between the A and k parameters was significant and negative, indicating a lower probability of a high body weight in adulthood. Goats of the Repartida ecotype are characterized by their high birth weight and low weight at maturity, which combined with the nutritional deficit, suggests that these animals have adapted to the adverse conditions of the Brazilian Caatinga region.

scholarly journals Comparison of Non-linear Growth Curve Models in Non-descript California and New Zealand Rabbits Reared in the Tropical Conditions of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Okeke Rufina Obioma ◽  
Suleiman Ibrahim Onotu ◽  
Omotugba Stephen Kayode ◽  
Ibikunle Kehinde Yemiola ◽  
Idris Abdullahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Nonlinear Functions ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Weight Data

Nonlinear functions of body weight at different age intervals were used to estimate the growth pattern in New Zealand White and California rabbits. Gompertz and Logistic functions of 3 and 4 parameters were fitted to Age-weight data matrix. Age-weight records of New Zealand White and California rabbits from birth were monitored to 56 days to estimate the average growth curve for each breed. The weight difference between breeds was consistently in favor of California rabbits as compared to New Zealand White. It was concluded that the Gompertz and logistic models were both parsimonious and adequate in describing the growth patterns of New Zealand White and California rabbits in the tropical conditions of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Morphological features of oat (Avena Sativa L.) shoots formation in the southern part of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ilina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Temperature Sum ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Absolute

Oats is essential for agricultural production and processing industry due to the unique biochemical composition of its grain. Thus, it is very important to study the biological and morphometric features of oats. The length and area of the plant's organs can establish a degree of comfort of growing conditions and determine during which period of plant's life the external weather conditions changed. Phytomers are basic repetitive functional units of the oat shoot. This paper presents the description and parameters of development of oat shoot metamers, namely, the identification of growth patterns of terrestrial vegetative metamers of oat shoots and their parts. The experiments were conducted in 2013, 2014 and 2018. The weather conditions of the specified years varied greatly – 2013 and 2014 were the most favorable in terms of humidification and precipitation, while 2018 was a very dry one. The paper determines the absolute and relative growth rates of the oat shoot internode paper and the maximum growth rate of each metamer in the linear phase. According to our observations, the absolute growth rate of oats was negligible and increased from 0.01 to 0.5 mm/d when the air temperature varied from 15 °C to 20 °C. However, when the air temperature reached about 20 °C, the absolute growth rate increased from 0.5 mm/d to almost 2 mm/d. We also found the effective sum temperatures under which the beginning and the end of the growth of each internodes take place. Thus, the first internode starts to grow the effective temperature sum of up to 117 °C is with the accumulated while the panicle starts growing when the effective temperature sum of up to 668 °C is accumulated. The growth of both the seventh internode and the panicle stops at the same time when the effective temperature sum of up to 1173 °C is accumulated. The ontogeny of oat shoots has a regular sequence of growth and development of terrestrial vegetative shoot metamers and their parts. The average growth duration of oat stem internode duting the years of research constituted 9 days for the first internode, 30 days for the seventh internode and 26 days for the panicle .

Outcomes from birth to 6 months of publicly insured infants born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina L. Schuh ◽  
Leena B. Mithal ◽  
Sara Naureckas ◽  
Emily S. Miller ◽  
Craig F. Garfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Publicly Insured ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objectives We evaluated inpatient management, transition to home, breastfeeding, growth, and clinical outcomes of infants born to mothers diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and followed in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC), that serves a diverse and low-income patient population, from birth through 6 months of life. Methods Infants born between 4/3/20 and 7/26/20 at Prentice Women’s Hospital with mothers who received prenatal care at Erie Family Health Center (Erie), the second largest FQHC in Illinois, and had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy were included. Data were abstracted from delivery hospital admission and outpatient follow-up appointments between 4/8/20 and 2/4/21. Results Thirty-three infants met inclusion criteria. Average gestational age was 38.9 weeks (IQR 37.6–40.4), 3 (10%) were premature and 5 (15%) required NICU admission. Nearly all (97%) mothers expressed intent to breastfeed. Outpatient follow-up rates were similar to historical cohorts and 82% (23/28) of infants were vaccination compliant. Growth parameters showed normal distributions at all time points. At 6 months, any and exclusive breast milk feeding rates were lower compared to historic cohorts (18 vs. 36%, p<0.05, 0 vs. 21%, p<0.01). Three infants (10%) received development-related referrals, one carried an underlying genetic diagnosis. Outpatient visits were predominantly face-to-face with telemedicine use comprising only 6% of visits (11/182). Conclusions Longitudinal follow-up of 33 publicly insured infants born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy followed in an FQHC showed high rates of follow-up and vaccination compliance, normal growth patterns and reassuring clinical status, and lower than expected rates of breastfeeding.

Assessment of county-level poverty alleviation progress by deep learning and satellite observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Zhang ◽  
Yanxiao Jiang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Alicia J Zhou ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
County Level ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Poverty alleviation is one of the greatest challenges faced by low-income and middle-income countries. China, which had the largest rural poverty-stricken population, has made tremendous efforts in alleviating poverty especially since the implementation of the targeted poverty alleviation (TPA) policy in 2014. Yet it remains unknown about the successfulness of the policy, because the official statistics are not timely available and in some cases questionable. This study combines deep learning with multiple satellite datasets to estimate county-level economic development from 2008 to 2019 and assess the effect of the TPA policy for 592 national poverty-stricken counties (NPCs) at country, provincial and county levels. Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is used to measure the affluence level. From 2014 through 2019, the 592 NPCs experience an average growth rate of per capita GDP at 7.6%±0.4%, higher than the average growth rate of 310 adjacent non-NPC counties (7.3%±0.4%) and of the whole country (6.3%). This indicates an overall success of TPA policy so far. We also reveal 42 counties with weak growth recently and that the average affluence level of the NPCs in 2019 is still much lower than the national or provincial averages. The inexpensive, timely and accurate method proposed here can be applied to other low-income and middle-income countries for affluence assessment.

Population dynamics and secondary production of a key benthic tanaidacean, Monokalliapseudes schubarti (Mañé-Garzón, 1949) (Tanaidacea, Kalliapseudidae), from a tropical coastal lagoon in southeastern Brazil

Crustaceana ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1483-1499
Author(s):  
Simone Pennafirme ◽  
Abilio Soares-Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Tropical Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Tropical Areas

Estimates of population dynamics and secondary production are important to understand the role of species in ecosystems and the mechanisms that drive life-history trade-offs, contributing to system preservation and monitoring. Population dynamics (growth rate, instantaneous mortality rates and longevity) and secondary production (biomass, production and P/B ratio) of the key marine benthic species Monokalliapseudes schubarti (Mañé-Garzón, 1949) were investigated monthly in a tropical coastal lagoon over 18 months and compared with data from other subtropical and temperate populations. A growth curve was estimated by fitting the Von Bertalanffy growth model. M. schubarti showed latitudinal variation in growth parameters. In tropical areas, M. schubarti generated consecutive cohorts and the growth curve parameters were: , , . A smaller asymptotic length was found for tropical and subtropical areas compared with data from temperate areas, and a lower growth rate was found at the tropical site. The annual mortality rate for the finite population was 0.999 year−1. Longevity, estimated at 10 months, was lower at the tropical site. The secondary production rate of M. schubarti at the tropical coastal lagoon was 10.60 g AFDW m−2 year−1, with a P/B ratio = 5.44. Brief longevity, a high P/B ratio, and high mortality may indicate M. schubarti as an opportunistic species in tropical areas.

scholarly journals Growth Curve of Crioulo Foals from Birth until 24 Months of Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Bruna Dos Santos Suñé Moraes ◽  
Lorena Alvariza Amaral ◽  
Ilusca Sampaio Finger ◽  
Ana Rita Assumpção Mazzini ◽  
Fernanda Maria Pazinato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The South ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Minimum Medium

Background: Breeding of Crioulo horses in the southern region of Brazil is very significant. Notwithstanding, not all animals meet the standards defined for the breed, raising concern among breeders, owners and veterinarians, driving them to an effort to know and understand the development of Crioulo foals. In order to get a registry at Brazilian Association of Crioulo Horse Breeders (ABCCC), the foals must be presented to a certified technician as of 24 months of age and show the breed standards and measurements required. To date, there are no data concerning development of this breed available. Therefore, this study aims to describe the growth curve of Crioulo foals in the south region of Rio Grande do Sul.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted in three Crioulo horse breeding farms in the cities of Santa Vitória do Palmar, Bagé and Aceguá, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, for a period of two years (2013-2015). We followed up on 267 Crioulo foals from birth up to 24 months of age. Biometric evaluation was divided in 26 periods, with 40 animals in each and random repetition of individuals. Period one: birth to seven days; period two: seven to 21 days; monthly from 1st to 24th month. The three breeding farms presented similar environmental conditions and the horses were submitted to similar management. Measurements were taken on a monthly basis, using a mechanical scale for weight and a hippometer for height. The analysis were conducted on SAS/ETS® version 9.2. Logistic non-linear regression model was used to obtain growth curves for height and minimum, medium and maximum weight of the foals on their respective ages, by this way six growth curves were produced. Results show an increase in weight and height at 24 months of age compared to the moment of birth. This increase was accentuated during the first months of life, both in weight and height. Thus, it is possible to observe that the first six months of life is characterized by a larger growth rate and is therefore, essential for the foals development, requiring special attention from the breeder and owner.Discussion: The growth curve obtained show that not all individuals reach the measurements required by the breed’s association, corroborating the empirical observation of breeders and technicians in their routine. This is also a concern related to other Brazilian breeds such as Mangalarga Marchador, Pantaneira, Campeira.  For the mentioned breeds, the adequate growth curve has already been described aiming to controlling foal development. The ABCCC require that foals as of 24 months of age have the minimum values of 1.40 m 1.38 m and 1.38 m; and maximum values of 1.50 m, 1.48 m and 1.50 m, for males, females and geldings, respectively, in order to receive the Association brand and the permanent registry. According to the growth curve, the first two months of the foal’s life show the largest growth rate, reaching 78.4% of an adult’s height with average growth of 20 cm, reaching 1.05 m. Genetic features, nutritional and sanitary conditions, directly influence this period. Overweight associated to exercising increases the risk of musculoskeletal injury and represent a factor for stress on the joints. This should be a concern among Crioulo breeders and the knowledge of their growth curve is important for an objective assessment seeking for a gradual and weighted development. In this work, it was possible to determine the growth curve of Crioulo breed foals in the south region of Rio Grande do Sul, from birth up to 24 months of age, providing minimum, medium and maximum parameters referring to withers height and body weight.

Application of non-linear mixed models for modelling the quail growth curve for meat and laying

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Santos ◽  
D. A. Vieira ◽  
L. P. Souza ◽  
A. L. Santos ◽  
F. R. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Female Quail ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Growth Profiles ◽  
Best Fit

AbstractThe objective of the current paper was to apply mixed models to adjust the growth curve of quail lines for meat and laying hens and present the rates of instantaneous, relative and absolute growth. A database was used with birth weight records up to the 148th day of female quail of the lines for meat and posture. The models evaluated were Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz and the types of residues were constant, combined, proportional and exponential. The Gompertz model with the combined residue presented the best fit. Both strains present a high correlation between the parameters asymptotic weight (A) and average growth rate (k). The two strains presented a different growth profile. However, growth rates allow greater discernment of growth profiles. The meat line presented a higher growth rate (6.95 g/day) than the lineage for laying (3.65 g/day). The relative growth rate was higher for lineage for laying (0.15%) in relation to the lineage for meat (0.13%). The inflection point of both lines is on the first third of the growth curve (up to 15 days). All results suggest that changes in management or nutrition could optimize quail production.

scholarly journals Historical analysis of somatic growth of Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi) off central coast of Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-569
Author(s):  
Francisco Cerna ◽  
Luis A. Cubillos ◽  
Guido Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Average Growth

Somatic growth was studied in the Chilean hake stock off central coast of Chile, through the application of Von Bertalanffy equation (vB) as a non-linear mixed effect model (NLME) on length-at-agedata derived from otolith readings made at Instituto de Fomento Pesquero since 1972. Average growth rates for each year from 1972 to 2009 were estimated. Growth parameters of vB curves were analyzed for three major periods regarding changes in stock biomass (1972-1990, 1991-2003 and 2004-2009). Results indicated that the average growth rate showed inter-annual variations that did not exceed ±15 cm of total length around the historical average of males and females, showing no persistent tendency towards sustained increase or decrease in somatic growth rate. Growth curves obtained with the vB parameters, estimated for the three periods, showed a similar trajectories until age 7 and 8 years, in both male and females. Changes after this age may be a result of a decrease of larger fish removed by the selective effect of fishing, which triggered variations in the fitted curves, but not necessarily changes in somatic growth of these ages in the population. The results demonstrated that the individual growth of hake has not changed significantly since 1972, without observing a density-dependent effect with decreasing abundance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document