scholarly journals Do women’s empowerment and socioeconomic status predict the adequacy of antenatal care? A cross-sectional study in five South Asian countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e043940
Author(s):  
Asibul Islam Anik ◽  
Md Rashedul Islam ◽  
Md Shafiur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Poor

ObjectivesRelative to the attention given to improving the measurement of adequacy of antenatal care (ANC) in South Asian (SA) region, the influence of women’s empowerment and socioeconomic status (WESES) on adequate ANC services has hardly received any attention. This study aimed to investigate the present scenario of adequacy of ANC in SA and how its adequacy was associated with WESES.Setting and participantsUsing the Demographic and Health Survey data set of five SA countries, that is, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan, 48 107 women were selected in this study who received at least one ANC component and had at least one live birth in the 3 or 5 years preceding the survey.AnalysisMultilevel logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between adequacy of ANC and WESES.ResultsOnly 30% women received adequate ANC in SA, ranging from 8.4% (95% CI 7.1% to 9.9%) in Afghanistan to 39.8% (95% CI 37.4% to 42.2%) in Nepal. The poor utilisation of adequate ANC services was most prevalent among the women residing in rural areas and that of poor families as well as low empowerment status in SA countries. Different levels of WESES, that is, highly empowered but poor (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.33; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.49), lowly empowered but rich (AOR: 2.07; 95% CI 1.84 to 2.32) and highly empowered and rich women (AOR: 3.07; 95% CI 2.75 to 3.43), showed significant positive association with adequate ANC services than the poor and low empowered women, after adjusting the potential covariates.ConclusionAs unsatisfactory level of adequate ANC services has been observed in SA region, this study suggests a nationwide comprehensive improvement of women’s empowerment status as well as establishment of necessary healthcare centres in remote areas is essential to ensure long-term and sustainable adequacy of ANC services.

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND ANTENATAL CARE COVERAGE IN INDONESIA IN 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Salsabila Putri Lamiday ◽  
Putri Bungsu Machmud
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Antenatal care coverage (ANC) in Indonesia has been constantly increasing over the years according to the country’s national survey data; however, there is a huge gap in coverage between women with different background characteristics. Purpose: The objective of this study is to determine the association between women’s empowerment and ANC coverage in Indonesia in 2017. Methods: This study used data sourced from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 with a cross-sectional study design. The population study was married women aged 15–49 years who had delivered children in the two years before the survey was conducted. About 6,397 samples were obtained by a total sampling method that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Variables analysed in this study were women’s empowerment and antenatal care coverage. The data analysis used were chi square and multiple logistic regression analysis. This study was conducted in February–April 2019 in all provinces in Indonesia which were the location of the IDHS 2017. Results: The result of multivariate analysis claimed an association that was statistically significant (p value = 0.00) between women’s empowerment and ANC coverage, with adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02–1.08). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that less empowered women were 1.05 times more likely to not receive complete and standardised antenatal care compared to women who were more empowered.

Quantifying Pregnant Women’s Knowledge of Educational Components of Antenatal Care in Lesotho

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabeta Seeiso ◽  
Mamutle M. Todd-Maja
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
In Pregnancy

Antenatal care (ANC) literacy is particularly important for pregnant women who need to make appropriate decisions for care during their pregnancy and childbirth. The link between inadequate health literacy on the educational components of ANC and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is undisputable. Yet, little is known about the ANC literacy of pregnant women in SSA, with most studies inadequately assessing the four critical components of ANC literacy recommended by the World Health Organization, namely danger signs in pregnancy; true signs of labour; nutrition; and preparedness for childbirth. Lesotho, a country with one of the highest maternal mortality rates in SSA, is also underexplored in this research area. This cross-sectional study explored the levels of ANC literacy and the associated factors in 451 purposively sampled women in two districts in Lesotho using a structured questionnaire, making recourse to statistical principles. Overall, 16.4 per cent of the participants had grossly inadequate ANC literacy, while 79.8 per cent had marginal levels of such knowledge. The geographic location and level of education were the most significant predictors of ANC literacy, with the latter variable further subjected to post hoc margins test with the Bonferroni correction. The participants had the lowest scores on knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy and true signs of labour. Adequate ANC literacy is critical to reducing maternal mortality in Lesotho. Improving access to ANC education, particularly in rural areas, is recommended. This study also provides important recommendations critical to informing the national midwifery curriculum.

Positive Correlation Between Women’s Status and Intimate Partner Violence Suggests Violence Backlash in Mwanza, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110500
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Kilgallen ◽  
Susan B. Schaffnit ◽  
Yusufu Kumogola ◽  
Anthony Galura ◽  
Mark Urassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Urbanization in low and middle-income nations is characterized by economic and demographic shifts largely understood to be beneficial to women’s empowerment. These changes include increased education and wage-labor opportunities, a disruption of traditional patrilocal residence systems, and reductions in spousal age gap and fertility. However, such changes may drive a “violence backlash,” with men increasing intimate partner violence (IPV) in efforts to challenge women’s shifting status. To date, tests of this idea primarily relate to women’s changing economic status, with less known about the demographic correlates of IPV in urbanizing settings. Addressing this, we conducted a cross-sectional study of IPV behavior and attitudes in an urbanizing community in Mwanza, northern Tanzania ( n = 317). Consistent with a violence backlash, IPV was reported more often among women educated at higher levels than their husband, and women earning similar, rather than lower, wages to their husband were more likely to report that he condones IPV. These findings were independent of women’s absolute education and income. Furthermore, less frequent paternal kin contact, and relatively small spousal age gaps, generally understood to boost women’s empowerment, were associated with an increased risk of experiencing IPV. Less frequent paternal kin contact was also associated with an increased likelihood that a husband condones IPV. Contrary to our predictions, relatively lower fertility, generally linked to higher women’s empowerment, did not predict IPV behavior and women with high, rather than low, fertility were more likely to report that their husband condones IPV. Overall, our results support the notion of a violence backlash corresponding to economic changes for women that accompany urbanization. In contrast, demographic changes associated with urbanization have more variable relationships. Drawing on these results, we suggest future research avenues for better understanding the vulnerability of women to IPV in urbanizing settings.

Nutritional anaemia in children in post supplementation era: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Singh ◽  
Vineet Kumar Singh ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Sheo Pratap Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Female Children ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Background: Nutritional anemia is still the primary cause of anemia despite of various nutritional programmes in developing countries. Aims and Objective: The present study was planned to asses Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Agra in collaboration with Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi. Admitted children of age 6 months to 14 years having signs and symptoms of anaemia were included in the study. Sample size calculated was 157. All the cases were subjected to CBC, GBP, serum iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 level estimation. Results: Out of 672 children, 157 children with clinical feature of anaemia were enrolled in the study. Among these 157 children, 52.87% were male. Percent proportion of anaemia was highest among toddlers (27.39%) and lowest in adolescent (10.83%). The maximum cases were of urban area (65.6%) and middle socioeconomic status (47.13%). Most of the children were undernourished/underweight (60.4%). Mean iron level was significantly low in female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight. Mixed iron, folate and B12 deficiency was found in 48.41%, 30.57% and 22.93% cases respectively. In 24.20% cases no deficiencies were found and were classified as anaemia due to some unspecified causes. Conclusion: Nutritional deficiency anaemia is contributing to a large proportion of anaemic patients. More intensified programmes are needed especially for female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight.

scholarly journals Health professionals’ experiences and views on obstetric ultrasound in Vietnam: a regional, cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e031761
Author(s):  
Sophia Holmlund ◽  
Pham Thi Lan ◽  
Kristina Edvardsson ◽  
Ho Dang Phuc ◽  
Joseph Ntaganira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obstetric Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uncomplicated Pregnancy ◽  
Ultrasound Study

ObjectivesObstetric ultrasound is an important part of antenatal care in Vietnam, although there are great differences in access to antenatal care and ultrasound services across the country. The aim of this study was to explore Vietnamese health professionals’ experiences and views of obstetric ultrasound in relation to clinical management, resources and skills.DesignA cross-sectional questionnaire study was performed as part of the CROss Country UltraSound study.SettingHealth facilities (n=29) in urban, semiurban and rural areas of Hanoi region in Vietnam.ParticipantsParticipants were 289 obstetricians/gynaecologists and 535 midwives.ResultsA majority (88%) of participants agreed that ‘every woman should undergo ultrasound examination’ during pregnancy to determine gestational age. Participants reported an average of six ultrasound examinations as medically indicated during an uncomplicated pregnancy. Access to ultrasound at participants’ workplaces was reported as always available regardless of health facility level. Most participants performing ultrasound reported high-level skills for fetal heart rate examination (70%), whereas few (23%) reported being skilled in examination of the anatomy of the fetal heart. Insufficient ultrasound training leading to suboptimal pregnancy management was reported by 37% of all participants. ‘Better quality of ultrasound machines’, ‘more physicians trained in ultrasound’ and ‘more training for health professionals currently performing ultrasound’ were reported as ways to improve the utilisation of ultrasound.ConclusionsObstetric ultrasound is used as an integral part of antenatal care at all selected health facility levels in the region of Hanoi, and access was reported as high. However, reports of insufficient ultrasound training resulting in suboptimal pregnancy management indicate a need for additional training of ultrasound operators to improve utilisation of ultrasound.

scholarly journals Smoking in adults in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil: a population-based study

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Merly Martinelli ◽  
Creso Machado Lopes ◽  
Pascoal Torres Muniz ◽  
Orivado Florencio de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations between smoking and socioeconomic status, and to analyze the profile of smokers in the city of Rio Branco, Acre. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study conducted with 1,512 adults living in urban and rural areas. Information about demographic aspects, socioeconomic status and smoking habits were collected through home interviews. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of smoking was of 19.9%. Males had a higher prevalence (22.7%) in contrast to females (17.6%). By age, a higher prevalence was observed at 50 - 59 years in males (30.9%) and at 40 - 49 years in females (23.8%). A linear trend was observed between the higher prevalence of smoking and the lower amount of years of education and income (p < 0.05). The profile of smokers indicated that the majority, in both genders, began smoking at age 15, smoked between 1 and 10 cigarettes per day, lit the first cigarette of the day 60 minutes after waking up and had tried to quit smoking at least twice. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of smoking is a relevant public health problem in Rio Branco. Community actions must be implemented for the prevention and control of tobacco use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document