scholarly journals Adolescent alcohol use in Estonia compared with Latvia, Lithuania, Finland and Sweden: results from cross-sectional surveys, 2003–2015

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e044889
Author(s):  
Daisy Kudre ◽  
Sigrid Vorobjov ◽  
Inge Ringmets ◽  
Kersti Pärna
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol Use ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
School Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs ◽  
Cross National

ObjectivesThe aims of the study were (1) to describe trends in the prevalence of monthly alcohol use from 2003 to 2015 and (2) to analyse the associations between alcohol use and family-related and school-related factors, risk behaviours and perceived alcohol availability in Estonia compared with Latvia, Lithuania, Finland and Sweden.MethodsThe study used nationally representative data of 15–16-year-old adolescents from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Data from Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland and Sweden collected in 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2015 were utilised (n=57 779). The prevalence of monthly alcohol use including light and strong alcohol use was calculated for each study year. A χ2 test for trend was used to evaluate statistically significant changes in alcohol use over the study period. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was used for assessing the association between alcohol use and explanatory factors. Marginal ORs with 95% CIs for each country were calculated.ResultsMonthly alcohol use decreased significantly among boys and girls in all countries from 2003 to 2015. In 2015, the prevalence of monthly alcohol use among boys was 36.1% in Estonia, 44.3% in Latvia, 32.4% in Lithuania, 32.3% in Finland and 22.4% in Sweden. Among girls, it was 39.1%, 45.9%, 35.6%, 31.8% and 29.1%, respectively. In all countries, higher odds of monthly alcohol use were observed among adolescents who skipped school, smoked cigarettes, used cannabis, perceived alcohol to be easy to access and had parents who did not know always/often about their child’s whereabouts on Saturday nights. Compared with Estonia, associations between alcohol use and explanatory factors were similar in Latvia and Lithuania but different in Finland and Sweden.ConclusionResults of cross-national comparison of alcohol use and explanatory factors could be effectively used to further decrease alcohol use among adolescents.

scholarly journals Adolescent alcohol use in Estonia compared to that in Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, and Sweden: results from cross-sectional surveys, 2003–2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Kudre ◽  
Sigrid Vorobjov ◽  
Kersti Pärna
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Abstract Background: Patterns of alcohol use often start developing during adolescence and are associated with alcohol use and dependence during adulthood. The aims of the study were to describe trends in the prevalence of monthly alcohol use from 2003 to 2015 and to analyze the associations between alcohol use and family-related and school-related factors, risk behavioral factors and perceived alcohol availability in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, and Sweden.Methods: The study used nationally representative data of 15–16-year-old adolescents from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). Data from Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, and Sweden collected in 2003, 2007, 2011, and 2015 were utilized (n=57,779). The prevalence of monthly alcohol use and light and strong alcohol use was calculated for each study year in all countries. A chi-square test for trend was used to evaluate statistically significant changes in alcohol use over the study period. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between alcohol use and different factors. Fully adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Results: Monthly alcohol use decreased significantly among 15–16-year-old boys and girls in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, and Sweden from 2003 to 2015. In 2015, the prevalence of monthly alcohol use among boys was 36.1% in Estonia, 44.3% in Latvia, 32.4% in Lithuania, 32.3% in Finland, and 22.4% in Sweden, and among girls, it was 39.1%, 45.9%, 35.6%, 31.8%, and 29.1%, respectively. In Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Sweden, girls had higher odds of monthly alcohol use than boys. In all countries, higher odds of monthly alcohol use were observed among adolescents who skipped school, smoked cigarettes, used cannabis, perceived alcohol to be easy to access and had parents who did not know always/often about their child’s whereabouts on Saturday nights.Conclusion: From 2003 to 2015, monthly alcohol use decreased in Estonia as well as in neighboring countries such as Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, and Sweden. The factors related to alcohol use in all five countries were generally similar. Based on the study results, health promotion and alcohol policy interventions could be improved to decrease and prevent alcohol use among adolescents.

scholarly journals Differences in Results and Related Factors between Hospital-At-Home Modalities in Catalonia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Jorge Arias-de la Torre ◽  
Evangelia Anna María Zioga ◽  
Lizza Macorigh ◽  
Laura Muñoz ◽  
Oriol Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outcome Indicators ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Hospital At Home ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
At Home

Hospital-at-home (HaH) is a healthcare modality that provides active treatment by healthcare staff in the patient’s home for a condition that would otherwise require hospitalization. The aims were to describe the characteristics of different types of hospital-at-home (HaH), assess their results, and examine which factors could be related to these results. A cross-sectional study based on data from all 2014 HaH contacts from Catalonia was designed. The following HaH modalities were considered—admission avoidance (n = 7214; 75.1%) and early assisted discharge (n = 2387; 24.9%). The main outcome indicators were readmission, mortality, and length of stay (days). Multivariable models were fitted to assess the association between explanatory factors and outcomes. Hospital admission avoidance is a scheme in which, instead of being admitted to acute care hospitals, patients are directly treated in their own homes. Early assisted discharge is a scheme in which hospital in-care patients continue their treatment at home. In the hospital avoidance modality, there were 8.3% readmissions, 0.9% mortality, and a mean length of stay (SD) of 9.6 (10.6) days. In the early assisted discharge modality, these figures were 7.9%, 0.5%, and 9.8 (11.1), respectively. In both modalities, readmission and mean length of stay were related to comorbidity and type of hospital, and mortality with age. The results of HaH in Catalonia are similar to those observed in other contexts. The factors related to these results identified might help to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the different HaH modalities.

Economic Performance and Political Trust

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W.G. van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

The relationships among objective macroeconomic outcomes, subjective evaluations, and political trust are widely studied. Yet, these relationships are not as straightforward as they might seem. This chapter first provides an overview of the main theoretical propositions in the literature as well as their critiques. Next, the chapter analyzes empirical analyses of the relationship between economic performance and political trust. While subjective evaluations of the economy are consistently related to political trust across the globe, the effect of objective macroeconomic performance depends on theoretical and methodological specifications. Objective performance indicators determine political trust in longitudinal rather than in cross-sectional analyses, suggesting that citizens’ historical rather than cross-national comparison of the state of their economy lies at the basis of this effect.

scholarly journals Adolescents’ alcohol use after liberalisation of alcohol sales in Finland in 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rimpelä ◽  
P Lindfors ◽  
J M Kinnunen ◽  
A H Katainen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol Use ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
One Year ◽  
Representative Samples

Abstract Background Adolescents’ alcohol use and binge drinking decreased in Finland since 2001 while the proportion of those who did not drink, increased until 2017. The 2018 Alcohol Act (entered 1 March) allowed retail stores sell all alcoholic beverages containing up to 5.5% alcohol by volume (previously 4.7%, beer and cider). Alcopops, assumed popular among adolescents, are now available in retail stores for those ≥18 years. We study changes in adolescents’ alcohol use and type of alcohol beverages until 2019. Methods Data from Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey (AHLS) has been collected biennially from nationally representative samples of 12-, 14-, 16- and 18-year-old Finnish adolescents. The data collection of the 2019 survey is going on and continues until June. Approximately two thirds of the expected responses (N = 2666) has arrived by the end April. Results According to our preliminary results, among girls abstinence slightly decreased from 2017 to 2019 and the increasing trend levelled off. Among boys, abstinence stayed at the same level from 2017 to 2019 among 12- and 14-year olds, decreased among 16-year-olds and increased among 18-year-olds. The decrease in monthly alcohol use had levelled off in 2017 and the use stayed approximately on the same level in 2019 as in 2017. Changes in type of alcoholic beverages will be ready in June and will be presented in the conference. Conclusions One year after the liberalisation of the Alcohol Act, no increase in adolescent alcohol use was observed, but the decreasing trend seems to have levelled off, while a small decrease in the proportion of those who do not drink at all seems likely. Key messages In a short run under-aged alcohol use has not increased after the liberalisation of the Alcohol Act. However, abstinence has slightly decreased.

scholarly journals Gender differences in cognitive function and grip strength: a cross-national comparison of four European regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt ◽  
Lasse Lybecker Scheel-Hincke ◽  
Søren Kjærgaard ◽  
Sören Möller ◽  
Kaare Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Dimension ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Background Cross-national comparison studies on gender differences have mainly focussed on life expectancy, while less research has examined differences in health across countries. We aimed to investigate gender differences in cognitive function and grip strength over age and time across European regions. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study including 51 292 men and 62 007 women aged 50 + participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe between 2004–05 and 2015. Linear regression models were used to examine associations. Results In general, women had better cognitive function than men, whereas men had higher grip strength measures. Sex differences were consistent over time, but decreased with age. Compared with men, women had higher cognitive scores at ages 50–59, corresponding to 0.17 SD (95% CI 0.14, 0.20) but slightly lower scores at ages 80–89 (0.08 SD, 95% CI 0.14, 0.00). For grip strength, the sex difference decreased from 18.8 kg (95% CI 18.5, 19.1) at ages 50–59 to 8.5 kg (95% CI 7.1, 9.9) at age 90 + . Northern Europeans had higher cognitive scores (19.6%) and grip strength measures (13.8%) than Southern Europeans. Gender differences in grip strength were similar across regions, whereas for cognitive function they varied considerably, with Southern Europe having a male advantage from ages 60–89. Conclusion Our results illustrate that gender differences in health depend on the selected health dimension and the age group studied, and emphasize the importance of considering regional differences in research on cognitive gender differences.

scholarly journals Perceived barriers in trying to eat healthier – results of a pan-EU consumer attitudinal survey

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (S1) ◽  
pp. S133-S137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Kearney ◽  
S. McElhone
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Member States ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Nutrition Educators

Information on the perceived difficulties in trying to eat a healthier diet is important in assisting those in nutrition education devise more effective programmes. The objective of this study was to determine the main perceived barriers that people have in trying to eat a healthy diet in the 15 member states of the European Union (EU). A cross-sectional study in which quota-controlled nationally representative samples of approximately 1000 adults (15 years upwards) from each member state completed a face-to-face interview-assisted questionnaire. The most frequently mentioned perceived barriers to healthy eating concerned time and taste factors. Time-related factors were more important for younger respondents and those with a higher level of education, who appear to regard taste as being compromised by healthy eating. Variation exists both between member states and between demographic groups in the frequency of barriers mentioned. A lack of knowledge about healthy eating was not selected by many as an important barrier. A major obstacle to nutrition education is the fact that 70 % of EU subjects believe their diets are already healthy. It may be that nutrition educators should concentrate on showing consumers how to evaluate their own diet appropriately in terms of fat, fibre, and fruit and vegetables. Food-based guidelines may be useful in this endeavour.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Smoking and Alcohol Consumption among Street Vendors in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Reynaldo Mauricio Rodríguez Amaya
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Factors Associated

AIM: The objective of the study was to characterize, learn and establish related factors about the behavior of alcohol and tobacco consumption in a sample of street vendors in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, Colombia.METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 425 street vendors. With regard to sampling, a non-probability sampling was conducted on the streets of every city in the Metropolitan Area. Each worker was given a questionnaire that included socio-demographic and occupational variables, in addition it was applied the Fagerstrom test was applied along with the Alcohol Use Disorders Inventory Test (AUDIT).RESULTS: Twenty one percent of the workers reported being consumers of cigarettes, 57% had consumed alcohol and 17% had both habits; consuming liquor and cigarettes. As for consumption of harmful liquor, men had higher risk (OR 2.97 p =.001), the age of highest consumption was between 18-39 years (OR 1.3 p =.01) and smokers had a significant risk (OR 4.33 p=.001). According to the logistic regression model, among the main factors associated with harmful alcohol use they were: male gender, not having health insurance, smoking and living in the main city of the Metropolitan Area.CONCLUSION: Street vendors have certain socio-demographic and labor variables that lead to raising their vulnerability. As for their spending habits, they have a high consumption of cigarettes and alcohol in relation to other group of workers, however the level of dependence is not superlative. In those who had detrimental alcohol consumption, the most important related variables to intervene were insufficient health coverage and smoking.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Correlates of Alcohol Abuse in Kassena-Nankana Municipality, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
John Nyaaba Anyinzaam-Adolipore ◽  
Abdul Rauf Alhassan
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Harmful Drinking

The main aim of the study was to assess the level of alcohol abuse and related factors in Kassena-Nankana Municipal of Ghana. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey with 397 participants, using AUDIT to assess alcohol use. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS. Bivariate analysis was done using chi-square and multivariate analysis was done using the multinomial logistics regression model. Lifetime alcohol use among the study participants was 96.0%; out of this, 51.7% were engaged in possibly dependent drinking, 23.4% involved in harmful drinking, and 24.9% involved in moderate drinking. Males were more likely to engage in harmful drinking than moderate (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.175–4.776). Males again were more likely to engage in dependent drinking than moderate (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.489–5.068). Christians as compared to traditionalists were less likely engage in dependent drinking than moderate drinking (AOR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.223–0.940). Those with tertiary education were less likely to engage in dependent drinking than moderate as compare to those without formal education (AOR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.076–0.670). Also employed civil servants were more likely to engage in dependent drinking than moderate as compared to those without employment (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI: 1.187–16.646). This study revealed a high prevalence of alcohol abuse among the residents of Kassena-Nankana municipality that was predicted by gender, educational level, and religious practice; therefore, there is a need for a public campaign on the harmful effects of alcohol abuse in the municipality.

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