Study designs and outcomes used in evaluation studies of hospital-presenting self-harm: protocol for a methodological systematic review

IntroductionSelf-harm is the most common risk factor for suicide, and so those who present to hospital following self-harm provide an opportunity for targeted clinical care interventions. Observational studies evaluating such interventions may be useful in overcoming limitations of controlled trials, but study design, statistical analyses and outcomes used must be appropriate. This methodological systematic review will describe, categorise, synthesise and compare the methodological aspects of studies evaluating interventions and aspects of clinical management following hospital-presenting self-harm in both observational and experimental (ie, controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies) study designs.Methods and analysisPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis-Protocol guidelines were followed in drafting this protocol. Search terms were developed (related to self-harm, hospital presentation and evaluation studies) and adapted for MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and grey literature databases. Two reviewers will independently screen 100 titles/abstracts until consensus is reached, with the remaining screened by one reviewer. Full-text screening will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Data will be extracted by one reviewer, and a second will check all data extracted. Validated risk of bias tools will be used. Data synthesis will focus on the heterogeneity of outcomes used in individual studies. Descriptive summary statistics of the data (eg, key study characteristics, type and frequency of outcomes) will be provided in categorical format, using frequencies and percentages. Outcomes will be reported separately for trials (both randomised and non-randomised trials), observational and quasi-experimental studies. Categorisation of outcomes will be guided by Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care resources for reviews of health systems interventions.Ethics and disseminationResults will be disseminated at national and international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Findings will be used to inform future studies in the area of hospital-presenting self-harm. Ethical approval is not required for this review.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020208714.

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Social Media and mHealth Technology for Cancer Screening: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.26759 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arlinda Ruco ◽

Fahima Dossa ◽

Jill Tinmouth ◽

Diego Llovet ◽

Jenna Jacobson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Social Media ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Screening Participation ◽

Quasi Experimental

BACKGROUND Cancer is a leading cause of death, and although screening can reduce cancer morbidity and mortality, participation in screening remains suboptimal. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social media and mobile health (mHealth) interventions for cancer screening. METHODS We searched for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of social media and mHealth interventions promoting cancer screening (breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers) in adults in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Communication & Mass Media Complete from January 1, 2000, to July 17, 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and completed the risk of bias assessments. We pooled odds ratios for screening participation using the Mantel-Haenszel method in a random-effects model. RESULTS We screened 18,008 records identifying 39 studies (35 mHealth and 4 social media). The types of interventions included peer support (n=1), education or awareness (n=6), reminders (n=13), or mixed (n=19). The overall pooled odds ratio was 1.49 (95% CI 1.31-1.70), with similar effect sizes across cancer types. CONCLUSIONS Screening programs should consider mHealth interventions because of their promising role in promoting cancer screening participation. Given the limited number of studies identified, further research is needed for social media interventions. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019139615; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=139615 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035411

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Social Media and mHealth Technology for Cancer Screening: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/26759 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. e26759

Author(s):

Arlinda Ruco ◽

Fahima Dossa ◽

Jill Tinmouth ◽

Diego Llovet ◽

Jenna Jacobson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Social Media ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Screening Participation ◽

Quasi Experimental

Background Cancer is a leading cause of death, and although screening can reduce cancer morbidity and mortality, participation in screening remains suboptimal. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social media and mobile health (mHealth) interventions for cancer screening. Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of social media and mHealth interventions promoting cancer screening (breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers) in adults in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Communication & Mass Media Complete from January 1, 2000, to July 17, 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and completed the risk of bias assessments. We pooled odds ratios for screening participation using the Mantel-Haenszel method in a random-effects model. Results We screened 18,008 records identifying 39 studies (35 mHealth and 4 social media). The types of interventions included peer support (n=1), education or awareness (n=6), reminders (n=13), or mixed (n=19). The overall pooled odds ratio was 1.49 (95% CI 1.31-1.70), with similar effect sizes across cancer types. Conclusions Screening programs should consider mHealth interventions because of their promising role in promoting cancer screening participation. Given the limited number of studies identified, further research is needed for social media interventions. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019139615; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=139615 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035411

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Efficacy and safety of edaravone for acute intracerebral haemorrhage: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e039366

Author(s):

Luda Feng ◽

Ning Liang ◽

Tingting Li ◽

Qinyu Yang ◽

Ping Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Intracerebral Haemorrhage ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Routine Treatment ◽

Manual Search

IntroductionIntracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening condition with no effective internal treatment options. However, edaravone is a promising therapeutic agent, although its beneficial effects are inconclusive based on previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses. While several trials in the last 8 years have reported the favourable long-term functional outcomes, a few reports indicated edaravone to be associated with an increase in adverse events.Methods and analysisThis protocol was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. We will perform the comprehensive and manual search for published articles, ongoing trials, dissertations and grey literature. The following databases will be searched from inception to 23 April 2020: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese scientific periodical database of VIP INFORMATION, Wanfang Data and SinoMed, with no language restrictions. All randomised controlled trials that (1) compared edaravone with placebo or no treatment, and (2) compared edaravone plus routine treatment or cointervention with routine treatment or cointervention for treating acute ICH will be included. Mortality and long-term dependency will be the primary outcomes. The incidence of adverse events will be assessed for safety evaluation. Two reviewers in pairs will independently carry out the article selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Assessment of the risk of bias and data synthesis will be performed using software Review Manager V.5.3. Finally, we will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to evaluate the quality of the overall evidence.Ethics and disseminationThere are no ethical considerations associated with this updated systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals or conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019147801.

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Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Third Molar Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1177/19433875211016203 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194338752110162

Author(s):

Gaston A. Salas ◽

Shuheng A. Lai ◽

Francisca Verdugo-Paiva ◽

Roberto A. Requena

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Third Molar ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Third Molar Surgery ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness and safety of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in third molar surgery. Data Sources: A comprehensive search strategy is meant to be used in an attempt to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs), ongoing investigation reported in specialty congresses and trials regardless of language or publication status (published, unpublished, in press and in progress). Searches will be conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PUBMED, Embase, Lilacs, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), ClinicalTrials.gov , US National Institutes of Health (NIH), grey literature and in specialized congresses and conferences. Eligibility Criteria: We will include randomized trials evaluating the effect of PRF on wound healing after third molar surgery. Two reviewers will independently screen each study for eligibility, data extraction and risk of bias assessment using Cochrane “risk of bias” tool. We will pool the results using meta-analysis and will apply the GRADE system to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. Ethics and Dissemination: As researchers will not access information that could lead to the identification of an individual participant, obtaining ethical approval was waived.

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Effect of Warm-Needling Acupuncture in Overweight and Obese Adults: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-49620/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Junpeng YAO ◽

Liping Chen ◽

Hui Zheng ◽

Lin Zhang ◽

Ying Li

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Evaluation System ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Biomedical Literature ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Academic Degree ◽

Warm Needling

Abstract Background: Overweight and obesity are chronic metabolic diseases characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Warm-needling acupuncture (WNA), which combines the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion, has been commonly used to manage obesity with reasonable weight control in recent years. Therefore, our objective is to systematically appraise the efficacy and safety of WNA for overweight and obesity.Methods: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (via PubMed), Excerpt Medica Database (EMBASE), ALT HealthWatch, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Data, and grey literature (trial registries, conference proceedings and academic degree dissertations) will be searched for the identification of articles. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving WNA independently or as an adjunct to other active therapies, compared with the same therapies alone, will be included. The principal outcome will be the difference in BMI from baseline to the end of studies. Secondary outcomes include the change of weight, waist circumference, percentage of body fat, serum lipid before and after treatment. The severity and incidence of adverse events will be measured as the safety assessment. Study selection, data extraction, and assessment of risk of bias will be performed independently by two reviewers. A third reviewer will resolve and determine disagreements. The Review Manager software (V.5.3.5) and Stata software (V.14.0) will be used for data synthesis. Furthermore, the quality of the evidence for the results will be described according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system (GRADE) with GRADEprofiler software (V.3.6.1).Discussion: This is the first systematic review to evaluate the effect of WNA in the management of obesity. This program will provide a high-quality synthesis of the current evidence to identify whether WNA is an effective therapeutic approach for overweight and obesity.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019146380.

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A systematic review of artificial intelligence chatbots for promoting physical activity, healthy diet, and weight loss

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01224-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yoo Jung Oh ◽

Jingwen Zhang ◽

Min-Lin Fang ◽

Yoshimi Fukuoka

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Weight Management ◽

Weight Status ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Quasi Experimental

Abstract Background This systematic review aimed to evaluate AI chatbot characteristics, functions, and core conversational capacities and investigate whether AI chatbot interventions were effective in changing physical activity, healthy eating, weight management behaviors, and other related health outcomes. Methods In collaboration with a medical librarian, six electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and IEEE) were searched to identify relevant studies. Only randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies were included. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers, and any discrepancy was resolved by a third reviewer. The National Institutes of Health quality assessment tools were used to assess risk of bias in individual studies. We applied the AI Chatbot Behavior Change Model to characterize components of chatbot interventions, including chatbot characteristics, persuasive and relational capacity, and evaluation of outcomes. Results The database search retrieved 1692 citations, and 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the 9 studies, 4 were randomized controlled trials and 5 were quasi-experimental studies. Five out of the seven studies suggest chatbot interventions are promising strategies in increasing physical activity. In contrast, the number of studies focusing on changing diet and weight status was limited. Outcome assessments, however, were reported inconsistently across the studies. Eighty-nine and thirty-three percent of the studies specified a name and gender (i.e., woman) of the chatbot, respectively. Over half (56%) of the studies used a constrained chatbot (i.e., rule-based), while the remaining studies used unconstrained chatbots that resemble human-to-human communication. Conclusion Chatbots may improve physical activity, but we were not able to make definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of chatbot interventions on physical activity, diet, and weight management/loss. Application of AI chatbots is an emerging field of research in lifestyle modification programs and is expected to grow exponentially. Thus, standardization of designing and reporting chatbot interventions is warranted in the near future. Systematic review registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020216761.

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IgM ELISA for leptospirosis diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-812320172212.14112016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 4001-4012 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria Ines Rosa ◽

Maria Fernandes dos Reis ◽

Carla Simon ◽

Eduardo Dondossola ◽

Maria Cecília Alexandre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

British Library ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Medical Subject Headings ◽

Igm Elisa ◽

Central Register

Abstract A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to estimate the accuracy of IgM ELISA for Leptospirosis diagnosis. A search of Medline, Lilacs, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Grey literature (Google Scholar and British Library) was conducted. The medical subject headings (MeSHs) and the words “leptospirosis”, “human leptospirosis” and “IgM ELISA” were used. Fifty-two studies were analyzed, which included 10,775 samples. The pooled sensitivity of all the studies was 86% (CI 95%, 85%-87%) and specificity was 90% (CI 95%, 89%-91%). In studies of the acute phase, the sensitivity and specificity were 84% (CI 95%, 82%-85%) and 91% (CI 95%, 90%-91%), respectively. In conclusion, IgM ELISA is sensitive for use as an initial screen for leptospiral infections.

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A Systematic Review on Drugs Absorption Modifications after Eradication in Helicobacter pylori Positive Patients undergoing Replacement Therapy

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ◽

10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.fio ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 95-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Giulia Fiorini ◽

John Martin Bland ◽

Elizabeth Hughes ◽

Valentina Castelli ◽

Dino Vaira

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Gastric Acid ◽

Drug Absorption ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register

Background & Aims: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been suggested as a cause of impaired drug absorption. This infection leads to alteration of the gastric acid secretion that may change the conformational characteristics of drugs and their intestinal absorption leading to uncertainties about the dose to administer and the therapeutic results. A systematic review was undertaken to clarify the implications of drug absorption during the administration of replacement therapies.Methods: Electronic databases such as MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library [which includes Cochrane Database of Systematic Review (CDSR), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Database of Abstract of Reviews of Effect (DARE)] were searched. Grey literature databases (e.g. the International clinical trials registry platform, Trials Register, Clinical Trials.gov, Controlled Trials and TrialsCentral), Theses database, Government publication and LILACS database were also searched. No language restriction was applied.Results: Infection and altered drug absorption were evaluated in patients under replacement therapies with iron, thyroxin and L-dopa. In all, seven studies included an improvement in drug absorption after eradication and an existing inverse correlation between the grade of gastric inflammation and indices of drug absorption were noticed.Conclusion: This systematic review confirmed the presence of an interaction between infection and drug absorption of orally administered replacement therapies. Gastric acid reduction and subsequent alteration of drug composition seem to lead this mechanism. Clinicians should be aware of this possible interaction when starting a replacement therapy in patients and when evaluating poor clinical response.

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Gelatin tannate for acute diarrhoea and gastroenteritis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2018-316385 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. archdischild-2018-316385 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivan D Florez ◽

Javier M Sierra ◽

Laura F Niño-Serna

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Acute Diarrhoea ◽

Stool Frequency ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness and safety of gelatin tannate (GT) for reducing the duration of the acute diarrhoea and gastroenteritis (ADG) in children.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS and grey literature, published from inception to October 2018. No language restrictions.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials in children with ADG, comparing GT with placebo.ResultsOf 797 titles identified, we included three studies (276 children). We performed a random effects model meta-analysis for the main outcome (diarrhoea duration). We did not find significant differences between GT and placebo for diarrhoea duration (mean difference (MD)=−15.85 hours; 95% CI −42.24 to 14.82, I2=92%; three studies), stool frequency at day 2 (MD=0.11 stools/day; 95% CI −0.39 to 0.62: I2=26%; two studies), diarrhoea at day 3 (risk ratio [RR]=0.46; 95% CI 0.06 to 3.47: I2=73%; two studies), vomiting (RR=1.31; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.80: I2=0%; two studies) or adverse events (RR=0.86; 95% CI 0.27 to 2.66: I2=0%; two studies). Most common adverse events included abdominal pain and nausea.ConclusionThe effect of GT was no different to placebo for mean diarrhoea duration (low certainty on the evidence) and stool frequency at day 2 (high certainty) and for the presence of diarrhoea at day 3 (very low certainty) of vomiting (moderate certainty) and of adverse events (low certainty).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018087902.

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Permeability of the blood-brain barrier through the phases of ischaemic stroke and relation with clinical outcome: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039280 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e039280

Author(s):

Sara Bernardo-Castro ◽

Helena Donato ◽

Lino Ferreira ◽

João Sargento-Freitas

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Outcome ◽

Ischaemic Stroke ◽

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Arterial Occlusion ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Blood Brain

IntroductionIschaemic stroke is the most prevalent type of stroke and is characterised by a myriad of pathological events triggered by a vascular arterial occlusion. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a key pathological event that may lead to fatal outcomes. However, it seems to follow a multiphasic pattern that has been associated with distinct biological substrates and possibly contrasting outcomes. Addressing the BBB permeability (BBBP) along the different phases of stroke through imaging techniques could lead to a better understanding of the disease, improved patient selection for specific treatments and development of new therapeutic modalities and delivery methods. This systematic review will aim to comprehensively summarise the existing evidence regarding the evolution of the BBBP values during the different phases of an acute ischaemic stroke and correlate this event with the clinical outcome of the patient.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a computerised search on Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus and Web of Science. In addition, grey literature and ClinicalTrials.gov will be scanned. We will include randomised controlled trials, cohort, cross-sectional and case-controlled studies on humans that quantitatively assess the BBBP in stroke. Retrieved studies will be independently reviewed by two authors and any discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or with a third reviewer. Reviewers will extract the data and assess the risk of bias of the selected studies. If possible, data will be combined in a quantitative meta-analysis following the guidelines provided by Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We will assess cumulative evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not needed. All data used for this work are publicly available. The result obtained from this work will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated in relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019147314.

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