The relationship between Internet use and self-concept clarity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

There are three hypotheses regarding the relationship between Self-Concept Clarity (SCC) and Internet use. It was argued that Internet use: 1) decreases SCC, 2) increases SCC, 3) does not relate with SCC. The present study, in the form of a systematic and meta-analytic synthesis, aimed to explore: a) the extent empirical evidence can support each hypothesis; b) how Internet use-SCC relationship was addressed across studies; c) the intensity of the Internet use –SCC relationship; d) potential moderators. Twenty-one studies (N = 8,910) met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review (i.e., being quantitative, written in English, concerned with Internet use -SCC relationship) and 11 studies (N = 3,298) met the additional criteria for meta-analysis (i.e., being correlational, using self-evaluation instruments, quantifying general Internet use and including the information needed to calculate the meta-analysis specific indicators). Results emphasized that all three hypotheses are plausible, as distinct dimensions of Internet use related differently with SCC. However, the conclusions were limited by the extensive use of cross-sectional design. For general Internet use and SCC relationship the overall effect was -0.350, p < .01. Some moderators were significant: cultural background, Internet operationalization, age homogeneity, participants rewarding. This paper outlines the complexity of SCC – Internet relationship and underlines some of the gaps that should be further addressed. Implications and limits of the study (e.g., publication bias, excluded outcomes in the meta-analysis or possible omission of moderators) are discussed.

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Condomless sex in Internet-based sex work: systematic review and meta-analysis

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10994 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. e22191210994

Author(s):

Taciana Silveira Passos ◽

Marcos Antonio Almeida-Santos

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Confidence Intervals ◽

Sex Work ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The Internet ◽

Oral Sex ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Sex Trade ◽

Condomless Sex ◽

The Relationship

Objective: Meta-analyze the proportion of condomless sex traded on the Internet according to the offer on websites advertising sex work and demand in customer forums; and to examine the relationship between condomless sex and the type of sex, target-group, gender and actors involved. Methodology: Data was collected from PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect from the inception of each database to 06 March 2020, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The effect size was the proportion itself, and the dispersion was measured under 95% confidence intervals. Results: From 2041 articles, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria of the systematic review with 10,190 recruited individuals and 20,363 prostitution advertisements. The estimate of condomless sex trade was 0.25 (95%CI=0.17–0.34). The heterosexual-oral subgroup (0.35; 95%CI=0.18–0.52; p<0.001) and the clients (0.31; 95%CI=0.20–0.59; p=0.037) showed a significant increase in the proportion. Conclusion: The condomless sex trade was reported in one quarter of the population. Heterosexuals who practice oral sex and clients are the main predictors of condomless sex in the Internet-based sex work.

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Caffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 868

Author(s):

Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽

Xueyin Fei ◽

Raúl Domínguez ◽

Helios Pareja-Galeano

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Caffeine Intake ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Research Protocols ◽

The Relationship

Cognitive functions are essential in any form of exercise. Recently, interest has mounted in addressing the relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance during sports practice. This review examines this relationship through a structured search of the databases Medline/PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published in English from August 1999 to March 2020. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were defined according to the PICOS model. The identified records reported on randomized cross-over studies in which caffeine intake (as drinks, capsules, energy bars, or gum) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters on participants’ training level, gender, or age. For the systematic review, 13 studies examining the impacts of caffeine on objective measures of cognitive performance or self-reported cognitive performance were selected. Five of these studies were also subjected to meta-analysis. After pooling data in the meta-analysis, the significant impacts of caffeine only emerged on attention, accuracy, and speed. The results of the 13 studies, nevertheless, suggest that the intake of a low/moderate dose of caffeine before and/or during exercise can improve self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions, such as attention; it may also improve simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, or fatigue, however, this may depend on the research protocols.

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How does academic achievement relate to cardiorespiratory fitness, self-reported physical activity and objectively reported physical activity: a systematic review in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2016-097361 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (16) ◽

pp. 1039-1039 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Adilson Marques ◽

Diana A Santos ◽

Charles H Hillman ◽

Luís B Sardinha

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Academic Achievement ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

The Relationship

ObjectiveThis report aimed to systematically review the evidence for a differential association between objective and self-reported physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on academic achievement.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesStudies were identified from searches in Embase, Education Resources Information Center, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTdiscus and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to December 2016.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesEligibility criteria included cross-sectional, longitudinal and interventional study designs. Outcomes included students’ school grade or a standardised test or measure of academic achievement. Explanatory variables were cardiorespiratory fitness and objective and self-reported physical activity. Inclusion criteria included school-aged children and adolescents aged–18 years (or students from primary to secondary school when student’s participants age was not described) and articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish.ResultsA total of 51 articles met inclusion criteria: 41 cross-sectional, 2 intervention and 8 longitudinal studies. Results from 11 studies were inconsistent regarding the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and academic achievement. Ten of the 16 articles reported positive associations between self-reported physical activity and academic achievement. From the 22 studies that analysed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic achievement, it was verified that they all generally support the beneficial effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on students’ academic achievement.ConclusionHigher cardiorespiratory fitness may be important to enhance children and adolescents’ health and, additionally, academic achievement. Due to a lack of consensus across studies, methodological issues associated with the assessment of physical activity should be considered when investigating physical activity and academic achievement.

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Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.111.106666 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 202 (2) ◽

pp. 100-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 342

Author(s):

Rebecca E. S. Anglin ◽

Zainab Samaan ◽

Stephen D. Walter ◽

Sarah D. McDonald

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Randomised Controlled Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundThere is conflicting evidence about the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depression, and a systematic assessment of the literature has not been available.AimsTo determine the relationship, if any, between vitamin D deficiency and depression.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomised controlled trials was conducted.ResultsOne case-control study, ten cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies with a total of 31 424 participants were analysed. Lower vitamin D levels were found in people with depression compared with controls (SMD = 0.60,95% Cl 0.23–0.97) and there was an increased odds ratio of depression for the lowest v. highest vitamin D categories in the cross-sectional studies (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.0–1.71). The cohort studies showed a significantly increased hazard ratio of depression for the lowest v. highest vitamin D categories (HR=2.21, 95% CI 1.40–3.49).ConclusionsOur analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that low vitamin D concentration is associated with depression, and highlight the need for randomised controlled trials of vitamin D for the prevention and treatment of depression to determine whether this association is causal.

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Abstract P116: Chronic Kidney Disease And Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Esther D Kim ◽

Ning Ding ◽

Junichi Ishigami ◽

Xuejuan Ning ◽

Yijing Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) strongly predicts sudden cardiac death and may elevate the risk of certain cardiac arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation; however, the relationships between CKD and various types of arrhythmia are not well-characterized. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching Embase and PubMed for prospective, cross-sectional, and case-control studies examining the associations of two key CKD measures, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, with arrhythmias in adults that were published until July 2018. We performed qualitative assessment of studies using the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. We pooled the results using random-effects models. Results: Among 16,245 articles, we identified 34 prospective (n=24,213,233), 21 cross-sectional (n=253,328), and 4 case-control (n=1,694) studies that included diverse study populations from 19 countries and were mostly high quality. Most prospective studies examined the relationship between eGFR and atrial fibrillation (AF), and demonstrated that lower eGFR was associated with a higher risk of AF (pooled hazard ratio [HR] 1.72 [95% CI: 1.30, 2.27] comparing reduced vs. referent eGFR groups)[ Figure ]. A few studies examined albuminuria and demonstrated its associations with AF (pooled HR 2.16 [95% CI: 1.74, 2.67] comparing high vs. low albuminuria). Results were similar for cross-sectional studies. Four prospective studies reported a higher incidence of ventricular tachycardia resulting in ICD shock according to reduced eGFR (pooled HR 2.32 [95% CI: 1.74, 3.09] comparing reduced vs. referent eGFR groups). Limited number of studies examined other types of arrhythmia. Conclusion: We identified robust data on the relationship between CKD (eGFR and albuminuria) and AF. Reduced eGFR was associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Our review highlights the need of future studies for non-AF arrhythmias, especially in the context of albuminuria.

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Internet use and self-rated health among Swedish 70-year-olds: a cross-sectional study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-019-1392-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hanna Falk Erhag ◽

Felicia Ahlner ◽

Therese Rydberg Sterner ◽

Ingmar Skoog ◽

Annika Bergström

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Internet Use ◽

The Internet ◽

Minor Importance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Contacts ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Health Factors ◽

Health Related ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background The Internet is increasingly becoming an infrastructure for a number of services, both commercial, public (including health related) and personal. Using the internet have the potential to promote social interaction and social connectedness by upholding social networks and social contacts. However, Internet use is lower in older adults compared to other age groups. This digital divide is considered a risk to the health of older adults since it limits their participation in society, access and use of relevant health related information and services. This study focuses on whether there is an association between Internet use and self-rated health. Method A cross-sectional population-based sample of 70-year-olds from The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study (n = 1136) was examined in 2014–16. All data was collected using structured interviews and questionnaires. Differences in proportions were tested with chi-square test and ordinary least square regression analysis was used to estimate the relationship between Internet use and self-rated health controlling for health factors, hearing and visual impairment, and social contacts. Results There is a relationship between more frequent Internet use and good self-rated health (unstandardized β 0.101 p < 0.001), and the effect remained after adjusting for all covariates (unstandardized β 0.082 p < 0.001). Our results also show that, in comparison to health factors, Internet use is of minor importance to the SRH of older adults, since adding these improved the explanatory power of the model by approximately 400% (from 0.04 to 0.18). Conclusion Although the direction of the relationship between more frequent interne use and better self-rated health is undetermined in the present study, it can be suggested that using the Internet informs and educates older adults, strengthening their position as active and engaged participants of society. It can also be suggested that those using the Internet report less loneliness and a possibility to establish new computer-mediated relationships within online communities. Further research needs to examine what aspects of Internet use, and in what contexts such positive perceptions arise.

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Obesity and the Risk of Suicide in Adults: A Meta-Analysis

Childhood Stunting, Wasting, and Obesity, as the Critical Global Health Issues: Forging Cross-Sectoral Solutions ◽

10.26911/the7thicph.01.39 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hisyam Syafi’ie ◽

◽

Hanung Prasetya ◽

Bhisma Murti ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Normal Population ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Major Depression Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Central Java ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Suicidal Ideas ◽

Depression Disorder

ABSTRACT Background: Some prospective studies reported that obesity is positively associated with depression. Adults with obese might have higher suicide risk, as patients with major depression disorder have a higher risk of committing suicide compared to the normal population. This study aimed to examine the association between obesity and the risk of suicide in adults. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was collected published articles from 2010 to 2020 in Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Link, Hindawi, Clinical Key, and ProQuest electronic databases. Searching process by insert “obesity” AND “suicidal” AND “cross sectional” AND “adjusted odd ratio” keywords. The inclusion criteria were full text, in English language, cross-sectional design, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The data were analyzed by PRISMA flow chart and Revman 5.3. Results: 4 articles reported that obesity increased the risk of suicidal ideas in adults (aOR= 1.12; 95% CI= 0.96 to 1.31; p= 0.14). Conclusion: Obesity increased the risk of suicide in adults. Keywords: obesity, suicidal Correspondence: Hisyam Syafi’ie. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081326002006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.39

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The Relationship between Music and Food Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2571

Author(s):

Tianxiang Cui ◽

Jiaxuan Xi ◽

Chanyuan Tang ◽

Jianwen Song ◽

Jinbo He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Food Intake ◽

Effect Size ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Small Effect Size ◽

The Relationship

Food intake has been shown to be related to several environmental factors including the presence of music. However, previous findings of the relationship between music and food intake are inconsistent. In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively review the extent to which music is associated with food intake as well as to investigate potential moderators that might have contributed to the heterogeneity of the existing findings. Literature was searched on four databases (i.e., PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) and Google Scholar. Nine articles published from 1989 to 2020 met our inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was carried out via a three-level random-effects model. The overall effect size (i.e., Hedges’ g) was 0.19 (95% Confidence Interval: −0.003, 0.386; SE = 0.10, t = 1.99, p = 0.054), indicating a marginally significant but small effect size. Body Mass Index (F(1, 21) = 5.11, p = 0.035) was found to significantly contribute to the heterogeneity of effect sizes, with larger positive effects of music on food intake for individuals with higher BMI. However, music-related features did not significantly moderate the relationship between music and food intake. More experimental studies are needed to update the current meta-analysis and get a better understanding of this topic.

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Perception of Environmental Sounds in Cochlear Implant Users: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.788899 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Valeriy Shafiro ◽

Nathan Luzum ◽

Aaron C. Moberly ◽

Michael S. Harris

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Identification Accuracy ◽

Large Individual ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Environmental Sound ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Environmental Sounds ◽

Closed Set

Objectives: Improved perception of environmental sounds (PES) is one of the primary benefits of cochlear implantation (CI). However, past research contains mixed findings on PES ability in contemporary CI users, which at times contrast with anecdotal clinical reports. The present review examined extant PES research to provide an evidence basis for clinical counseling, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest directions for future work in this area of CI outcome assessment.Methods: Six electronic databases were searched using medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords broadly identified to reference CI and environmental sounds. Records published between 2000 and 2021 were screened by two independent reviewers in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data were subsequently extracted and evaluated according to synthesis without-meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines.Results: Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most examined PES in post-lingually implanted adults, with one study focused on pre/perilingual adults. Environmental sound identification (ESI) in quiet using open- or closed-set response format was most commonly used in PES assessment, included in all selected studies. ESI accuracy in CI children (3 studies) and adults (16 studies), was highly variable but generally mediocre (means range: 31–87%). Only two studies evaluated ESI performance prospectively before and after CI, while most studies were cross-sectional. Overall, CI performance was consistently lower than that of normal-hearing peers. No significant differences in identification accuracy were reported between CI candidates and CI users. Environmental sound identification correlated in CI users with measures of speech perception, music and spectro-temporal processing.Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review indicate considerable limitations in the current knowledge of PES in contemporary CI users, especially in pre/perilingual late-implanted adults and children. Although no overall improvement in PES following implantation was found, large individual variability and existing methodological limitations in PES assessment may potentially obscure potential CI benefits for PES. Further research in this ecologically relevant area of assessment is needed to establish a stronger evidence basis, identify CI users with significant deficits, and improve CI users' safety and satisfaction through targeted PES rehabilitation.

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The Increasing Risk of Dementia in Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Siriraj Medical Journal ◽

10.33192/smj.2021.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 145-154

Author(s):

Chayada Chaiyabutr ◽

Narumol Silpa-archa ◽

Chanisada Wongpraparut ◽

Leena Chularojanamontri

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increasing Risk ◽

Symptoms And Signs

Objective: To systemically summarize and meta-analyze the risk of dementia in psoriasis patients. Methods: A systematic review was performed in two databases (EMBASE and MEDLINE). The eligible studies had to be a cohort study or a cross-sectional study that compared either the prevalence or incidence of dementia in patients with psoriasis, versus individuals without psoriasis. Results: Of 791 retrieved articles, seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included into the meta-analysis. The risk of incident and prevalent dementia were significantly higher in patients with psoriasis, with a pooled risk ratio of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02-1.33; I2 96%) and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.07-1.72; I2 10%), respectively. Conclusions: This study revealed a slight increase in both the incidence and prevalence of dementia in psoriasis patients. However, dermatologists should carefully observe and periodically screen psoriasis patients for this comorbidity, especially among those who have symptoms and signs of cognitive impairment.

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