Risk factors for death in Welsh infants with a congenital anomaly

ObjectivesTo investigate risk factors associated with death of infants with a congenital anomaly in Wales, UK.DesignA population-based cohort study.SettingData from the Welsh Congenital Anomaly Register and Information Service (CARIS) linked to live births and deaths from the Office for National Statistics.PatientsAll live births between 1998 and 2016 with a diagnosis of a congenital anomaly, which was defined as a structural, metabolic, endocrine or genetic defect, as well as rare disease of hereditary origin.Main outcome measuresAdjusted ORs (aORs) were estimated for socio-demographic, maternal, infant and intervention factors associated with death in infancy, using logistic regression for all, isolated, multiple and cardiovascular anomalies.Results30 424 live births affected by congenital anomalies were identified, including 1044 infants who died by the age of 1 year (infant mortality rate: 16.5 per 10 000 live births, case fatality: 3.4%, 30.3% of all infant deaths). Risk factors for infant death were non-white versus white ethnicity (aOR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.77–2.86); parous versus nulliparous (aOR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.08–1.41); smoking during pregnancy versus non-smokers/ex-smokers (aOR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02–1.40); preterm versus term birth (aOR: 4.38; 95% CI 3.86–4.98); female versus male infants (aOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.13–1.46) and the earlier years of the birth cohort (aOR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.95–0.98 per yearly increase). Infants with a cardiovascular anomaly who received surgery had a lower odds of death than those who did not (aOR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.15–0.75). Preterm birth was a significant factor for death for all anomalies but the effect of the other characteristics varied according to anomaly group.ConclusionsNearly a third of all infant deaths had an associated anomaly. Improving access to prenatal care, smoking cessation advice, optimising care for preterm infants and surgery may help lower the risk of infant death.

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Regional Contribution of Previable Infant Deaths to Infant Mortality Rates in the United States

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1695014 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

MacKenzie Lee ◽

Eric S. Hall ◽

Meredith Taylor ◽

Emily A. DeFranco

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Infant Death ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Population Based ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Deaths ◽

Live Births ◽

Healthy People 2020

Objective Lack of standardization of infant mortality rate (IMR) calculation between regions in the United States makes comparisons potentially biased. This study aimed to quantify differences in the contribution of early previable live births (<20 weeks) to U.S. regional IMR. Study Design Population-based cohort study of all U.S. live births and infant deaths recorded between 2007 and 2014 using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) WONDER database linked birth/infant death records (births from 17–47 weeks). Proportion of infant deaths attributable to births <20 vs. 20 to 47 weeks, and difference (ΔIMR) between reported and modified (births ≥20 weeks) IMRs were compared across four U.S. census regions (North, South, Midwest, and West). Results Percentages of infant deaths attributable to birth <20 weeks were 6.3, 6.3, 5.3, and 4.1% of total deaths for Northeast, Midwest, South, and West, respectively, p < 0.001. Contribution of < 20-week deaths to each region's IMR was 0.34, 0.42, 0.37, and 0.2 per 1,000 live births. Modified IMR yielded less regional variation with IMRs of 5.1, 6.2, 6.6, and 4.9 per 1,000 live births. Conclusion Live births at <20 weeks contribute significantly to IMR as all result in infant death. Standardization of gestational age cut-off results in more consistent IMRs among U.S. regions and would result in U.S. IMR rates exceeding the healthy people 2020 goal of 6.0 per 1,000 live births.

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Independent risk factors associated with infant deaths

Acta Paulista de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1982-0194201400011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 48-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Lúcia da Silva ◽

Thais Aidar de Freitas Mathias

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Public Information ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Infant Deaths ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Independent Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: Identifying the independent risk factors associated with infant deaths registered in Brazilian public information systems.METHODS: A cross-sectional study using secondary data recorded in public information systems for eleven years. The association of mortality rates was observed according to death periods using univariate and multivariate regression tests.RESULTS: The infant mortality rate decreased by 20.7 % in the study period. The list of independent factors associated with infant deaths shows the necessity for measures to increase public actions aimed at the early onset of prenatal care, continuing until the postpartum, puerperal period and in the growth and development of the newborn.CONCLUSION: The independent risk factors for infant death were low birth weight, gestation duration of less than 37 weeks, multiple pregnancy, maternal educational level lower than eight years, Apgar score and less than seven antenatal pregnancy.

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Caregiver Risk Factors Associated with Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths

10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.410 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie A. Deutsch ◽

Anne Pedrick ◽

Jobayer Hossain ◽

Allan DeJong

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Infant Deaths ◽

Factors Associated

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Risk Factors Associated With Dengue Fever Outbreak in Taiz Governorate, Yemen, 2018: Case-control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-624873/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdulkareem Ali Hussein Nassar ◽

Amr Abdulaziz Torbosh ◽

Yassin Abdulmalik Mahyoub ◽

Mohammed Abdullah Al Amad

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Definition ◽

P Value ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Dengue Fever (DF) is a significant health problem in Yemen especially in the coastal areas. On November 6, 2018, Taiz governorates surveillance officer notified the Ministry of Public Health and Population on an increase in the number of suspected DF in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate. On November 7, 2018, Field Epidemiology Training Program sent a team to perform an investigation. The aims were to confirm and describe the outbreak by person, place and time in Taiz governorate, and identify its risk factors.Methodology: Descriptive and case-control study (1:2 ratio) were conducted. WHO case definition was used to identify cases in Al Qahirah or Al Mudhaffar districts during August-November 2018. Control was selected from the same districts who did not suffer from DF. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data related to sociodemographic, behavioral and environmental characteristics. Bivariate and multivariate backward stepwise analyses were used. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. A P value < 0.05 was considered as the cut point for statistically significant. Epi info version 7.2 was used.Results: A total of 50 DF cases were found. Almost 52% were males and 76% were <30 years of age. The overall attack rate was 1/10,000 of the population. Case fatality rate was 4%. In multivariate analysis, not working (aOR = 26.6, 95% CI: 6.8–104.7), not using mosquito repellent (aOR = 13.9, 95% CI:1.4–136.8), wearing short sleeves/pants (aOR = 27.3, 95% CI: 4.8–156.8), poor sanitation (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.4–20.3), presence of outdoor trees (aOR = 13.2, 95% CI: 2.8–63.0) and houses without window nets (aOR = 15.7, 95% CI: 3.9–63.4) were statistically significant risk factors associated with DF outbreak. Eleven 11 (58%) of blood samples were positive for DF IgM.Conclusions: DF outbreak in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate was confirmed. This study provides evidence-based information regarding the identified risk factors that contributed to the occurrence of this outbreak. Raising community awareness on the importance of personal protection measures and improving the sanitation services are strongly recommended.

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An Approach to the Classification of Apparent Asphyxial Infant Deaths

Academic Forensic Pathology ◽

10.23907/2017.021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 200-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Evan W. Matshes ◽

Emma O. Lew

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Death Certification ◽

High Quality ◽

Infant Deaths ◽

Unexpected Infant Death

Recent evidence indicates that with thorough, high quality death investigations and autopsies, forensic pathologists have recognized that many unexpected infant deaths are, in fact, asphyxial in nature. With this recognition has come a commensurate decrease in, and in some cases, abolition of, the label “sudden infant death syndrome” (SIDS). Current controversies often pertain to how and why some infant deaths are determined to be asphyxial in nature and whether or not apparent asphyxial circumstances are risk factors for SIDS, or rather, harbingers of asphyxial deaths. In an effort to sidestep these controversies, some forensic pathologists elected to instead use the noncommittal label “sudden unexpected infant death” (SUID), leading to the unfortunate consequence of SUID – like SIDS – gaining notoriety as an actual disease that could be diagnosed, studied, and ultimately cured. Although it is not possible to provide death certification guidance for every conceivable type of unexpected infant death, we recognize and propose a simple classification system for overarching themes that cover the vast majority of cases where infants die suddenly and unexpectedly.

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Infant mortality: comparison between two birth cohorts from Southeast and Northeast, Brazil

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-89102004000600004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 773-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Valdinar S Ribeiro ◽

Antônio A M Silva ◽

Marco A Barbieri ◽

Heloisa Bettiol ◽

Vânia M F Aragão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Northeast Brazil ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽

Live Births

OBJECTIVE: To obtain population estimates and profile risk factors for infant mortality in two birth cohorts and compare them among cities of different regions in Brazil. METHODS: In Ribeirão Preto, southeast Brazil, infant mortality was determined in a third of hospital live births (2,846 singleton deliveries) in 1994. In São Luís, northeast Brazil, data were obtained using systematic sampling of births stratified by maternity unit (2,443 singleton deliveries) in 1997-1998. Mothers answered standardized questionnaires shortly after delivery and information on infant deaths was retrieved from hospitals, registries and the States Health Secretarys' Office. The relative risk (RR) was estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: In São Luís, the infant mortality rate was 26.6/1,000 live births, the neonatal mortality rate was 18.4/1,000 and the post-neonatal mortality rate was 8.2/1,000, all higher than those observed in Ribeirão Preto (16.9, 10.9 and 6.0 per 1,000, respectively). Adjusted analysis revealed that previous stillbirths (RR=3.67 vs 4.13) and maternal age <18 years (RR=2.62 vs 2.59) were risk factors for infant mortality in the two cities. Inadequate prenatal care (RR=2.00) and male sex (RR=1.79) were risk factors in São Luís only, and a dwelling with 5 or more residents was a protective factor (RR=0.53). In Ribeirão Preto, maternal smoking was associated with infant mortality (RR=2.64). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to socioeconomic inequalities, differences in access to and quality of medical care between cities had an impact on infant mortality rates.

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PELAYANAN DAN FASILITAS KESEHATAN, BIAYA PERSALINAN, DAN KEBIJAKAN DI TEMPAT BERSALIN MEMPENGARUHI IBU DALAM MEMILIH TEMPAT BERSALIN DI KELURAHAN KEMIRI MUKA, KECAMATAN BEJI, DEPOK

Journal of Health Education and Literacy ◽

10.31605/j-healt.v2i2.607 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 61-68

Author(s):

Nourmayansa Vidya ◽

Efa Apriyanti ◽

Ayunda Nia Agustina ◽

Maharaufa Fathmanda

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Return Rate ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Live Births ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Birth Place ◽

Chisquare Test

ABSTRAK Salah satu indicator derajat kesehatan suatu Negara adalah angka kematian ibu dan bayi. 52.4% ibu-ibu di Indonesia memiliki akses ke pelayanan maternal. Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia tahun 2008 menurut Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia adalah 307 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, jauh dari target yang seharusnya yaitu 110 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor berhubungan dengan keputusan ibu memilih tempat bersalin, diantaranya adalah pelayanan kesehatan, fasilitas kesehatan, biaya persalinan, dan kebijakan di tempat bersalin. Sample penelitian adalah ibu-ibu yang berada di kelurahan Kemiri Muka – Depok berjumlah 125 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan Return rate = 100%. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dan analisa data univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi serta bivariat menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan bermakna antara dan fasilitas kesehatan (p Value = 0.033; = 0.05) dengan pilihan tempat bersalin. Kata Kunci: faktor, ibu, Kemiri Muka, pemilihan tempat bersalin ABSTRACT One indicator of a country's health status is the maternal and infant mortality rate. 52.4% of mothers in Indonesia have access to maternal services. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia in 2008 according to the Demographic Health Survey of Indonesia is 307 per 100,000 live births, its far from the supposed target of 110 per 100,000 live births. The general objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with mother's decision when choosing a birth place, including the choice of giving birth. The factors that affect mother's decision when choosing a birth place are characteristic of the respondents and distance delivery and home place. Research sample is mothers residing in RW 03 Kelurahan Kemiri Muka - Depok totaling 125 people. This study uses a questionnaire and return rate = 100%. This study uses cross sectional data analysis using univariate and bivariate frequency distribution using the chisquare test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between respondent’s education (p-value = 0.009; = 0.05), the husband's income & (pvalue = 0.046; = 0.05), and health facilities (p -value = 0.033; = 0.05) with a choice of place of birth. Key words: factor, mother, Kemiri Muka, choosing a birth place

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Sudden infant death syndrome in Brazil: fact or fancy?

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802008000100009 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 126 (1) ◽

pp. 48-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francesca Maia Woida ◽

Fabiano Pinto Saggioro ◽

Maria Alice Rossato Ferro ◽

Luiz Cesar Peres

Keyword(s):

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Brazilian Literature ◽

True Incidence ◽

Infant Deaths ◽

Live Births ◽

The City

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The true incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Brazil is unknown. The aim here was to identify SIDS cases in the city of Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, between 2000 and 2005, in order to estimate its incidence. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis of data on live births and infant deaths in Ribeirão Preto and from autopsies of infants performed at the Death Verification Service of the Interior (SVOI) between 2000 and 2005. RESULTS: There were 47,356 live births and 537 deaths, with infant mortality rates ranging from 12.9‰ to 10.9‰ of live births. Among the 24 infants who died possibly due to SIDS and who were autopsied at the SVOI, six were from families living in the municipality (0.13‰ of live births): three (50%) were diagnosed as SIDS, and one each (16.66%) as indeterminate cause, bronchoaspiration and cerebral edema. Two deaths occurred in the first month of life (33.33%) and one each (16.66%) at two, four, six and eight months. Two deaths each (33.33%) occurred in the months of February and December, one each in August and October (16.66%). Four cases (66.7%) occurred in the summer and one each (16.66%) in winter and spring. There was 5:1 predominance of males over females. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of SIDS was lower than what has been reported worldwide and in the Brazilian literature, thus suggesting underdiagnosis, indicating the lack of any specific postmortem protocol for SIDS identification and showing the need to implement this.

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Infant Mortality Among Singletons and Twins in Japan During 1999–2008 on the Basis of Risk Factors

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1017/thg.2012.156 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 639-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yoko Imaizumi ◽

Kazuo Hayakawa

Keyword(s):

Infant Mortality ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Age Group ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

Infant Deaths ◽

Live Births

The infant mortality rate (IMR) among single and twin births from 1999 to 2008 was analyzed using Japanese Vital Statistics. The IMR was 5.3-fold higher in twins than in singletons in 1999 and decreased to 3.9-fold in 2008. The reduced risk of infant mortality in twins relative to singletons may be related, partially, to survival rates, which improved after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation for twin — twin transfusion syndrome. The proportion of neonatal deaths among total infant deaths was 54% for singletons and 74% for twins. Thus, intensive care of single and twin births may be very important during the first month of life to reduce the IMR. The IMR decreased as gestational age (GA) rose in singletons, whereas the IMR in twins decreased as GA rose until 37 weeks and increased thereafter. The IMR was significantly higher in twins than in singletons from the shortest GA (<24 weeks) to 28 weeks as well as ≥38 weeks, whereas the IMR was significantly higher in singletons than in twins from 30 to 36 weeks. As for maternal age, the early neonatal and neonatal mortality rates as well as the IMR in singletons were significantly higher in the youngest maternal age group than in the oldest one, whereas the opposite result was obtained in twins. The lowest IMR in singletons was 1.1 per 1,000 live births for ≥38 weeks of gestation and heaviest birth weight (≥2,000 g), while the lowest IMR in twins was 1.8 at 37 weeks and ≥2,000 g.

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A new record linkage for assessing infant mortality rates in Ontario, Canada

Can J Public Health ◽

10.17269/s41997-019-00265-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 278-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Deshayne B. Fell ◽

Alison L. Park ◽

Ann E. Sprague ◽

Nehal Islam ◽

Joel G. Ray

Keyword(s):

Infant Mortality ◽

Live Birth ◽

Infant Death ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Income Quintile ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Live Births ◽

Birth Records

Abstract Objective Infant mortality statistics for Canada have routinely omitted Ontario—Canada’s most populous province—as a high proportion of Vital Statistics infant death registrations could not be linked with their corresponding Vital Statistics live birth registrations. We assessed the feasibility of linking an alternative source of live birth information with infant death registrations. Methods All infant deaths occurring before 365 days of age registered in Ontario’s Vital Statistics in 2010–2011 were linked with birth records in the Canadian Institute for Health Information’s hospitalization database. Crude birthweight-specific and gestational age-specific infant mortality rates were calculated, and rates examined according to maternal and infant characteristics. Results Of 1311 infant death registrations, only 47 (3.6%) could not be linked to a hospital birth record. The overall crude infant mortality rate was 4.7 deaths per 1000 live births (95% CI, 4.4 to 4.9), the same as previously reported for the rest of Canada in 2011. Infant mortality was higher in women < 20 years (5.8 per 1000 live births) and ≥ 40 years (5.9 per 1000 live births), and lowest among those aged 25–29 years (3.9 per 1000 live births). Infant mortality was notably higher in the lowest (5.1 per 1000 live births) residential income quintile than the highest (3.4 per 1000 live births). Conclusion Use of birth hospitalization records resulted in near-complete linkage of all Vital Statistics infant death registrations. This approach could enhance the conduct of representative surveillance and research on infant mortality when direct linkage of live birth and infant death registrations is not achievable.

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