scholarly journals Retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 among children in Fulton County, Georgia, March 2020–June 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001223
Author(s):  
Chloe M Barrera ◽  
Mallory Hazell ◽  
Allison T Chamberlain ◽  
Neel R Gandhi ◽  
Udodirim Onwubiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Age ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Percent Positivity ◽  
Paediatric Age

ObjectiveTo describe case rates, testing rates and percent positivity of COVID-19 among children aged 0–18 years by school-age grouping.DesignWe abstracted data from Georgia’s State Electronic Notifiable Disease Surveillance System on all 10 437 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among children aged 0–18 years during 30 March 2020 to 6 June 2021. We examined case rates, testing rates and percent positivity by school-aged groupings, namely: preschool (0–4 years), elementary school (5–10 years), middle school (11–13 years), and high school (14–18 years) and compared these data among school-aged children with those in the adult population (19 years and older).SettingFulton County, Georgia.Main outcome measuresCOVID-19 case rates, testing rates and percent positivity.ResultsOver time, the proportion of paediatric cases rose substantially from 1.1% (April 2020) to 21.6% (April 2021) of all cases in the county. Age-specific case rates and test rates were consistently highest among high-school aged children. Test positivity was similar across school-age groups, with periods of higher positivity among high-school aged children.ConclusionsLow COVID-19 testing rates among children, especially early in the pandemic, likely underestimated the true burden of disease in this age group. Despite children having lower measured incidence of COVID-19, we found when broader community incidence increased, incidence also increased among all paediatric age groups. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, it remains critical to continue learning about the incidence and transmissibility of COVID-19 in children.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Cohort Study of COVID-19 among Children in Fulton County, Georgia, March 2020 - June 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe M Barrera ◽  
Mallory Hazell ◽  
Allison T Chamberlain ◽  
Neel R Ghandi ◽  
Udodirim Onwubiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Percent Positivity

Objective: To describe case rates, testing rates, and percent positivity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among children aged 0-18 years by school-age grouping. Design: We abstracted data from Georgia's State Electronic Notifiable Disease Surveillance System on all 10,437 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among children aged 0-18 years during March 30, 2020 to June 6, 2021. We examined case rates, testing rates, and percent positivity by school-aged groupings, namely: preschool (0-4 years), elementary school (5-10 years), middle school (11-13 years), and high school (14-18 years) and compared these data among school aged children to those in the adult population (19 years and older). Setting: Fulton County, Georgia. Main outcome measures: COVID-19 case rates, testing rates, and percent positivity. Results: Over time, the proportion of pediatric cases rose substantially from 1.1% (April 2020) to 21.6% (April 2021) of all cases in the county. Age-specific case rates and test rates were consistently highest among high-school aged children. Test positivity was similar across school-age groups, with periods of higher positivity among high-school aged children. Conclusions: Low COVID-19 testing rates among children, especially early in the pandemic, likely underestimate the true burden of disease in this age group. Despite children having lower measured incidence of COVID-19, we found when broader community incidence increased, incidence also increased among all pediatric age groups. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, it remains critical to continue learning about the incidence and transmissibility of COVID-19 in children.

scholarly journals Tularemia transmission to humans: a multifaceted surveillance approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (16) ◽  
pp. 2139-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Akhvlediani ◽  
I. Burjanadze ◽  
D. Baliashvili ◽  
T. Tushishvili ◽  
M. Broladze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractTularemia has sustained seroprevalence in Eurasia, with estimates as high as 15% in endemic regions. The purpose of this report is to characterise the current epidemiology of Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica in Georgia. Three surveillance activities are summarised: (1) acute infections captured in Georgia's notifiable disease surveillance system, (2) infectious disease seroprevalence study of military volunteers, and (3) a study of seroprevalence and risk factors in endemic regions. Descriptive analyses of demographic, exposure and clinical factors were conducted for the surveillance studies; bivariate analyses were computed to identify risk factors of seropositivity using likelihood ratio χ2 tests or Fisher's exact tests. Of the 19 incident cases reported between 2014 and August 2017, 10 were confirmed and nine met the presumptive definition; the estimated annual incidence was 0.12/100 000. The first cases of tularemia in Western Georgia were reported. Seroprevalences of antibodies for F. tularensis were 2.0% for military volunteers and 5.0% for residents in endemic regions. Exposures correlated with seropositivity included work with hay and contact with multiple types of animals. Seroprevalence studies conducted periodically may enhance our understanding of tularemia in countries with dramatically underestimated incidence rates.

scholarly journals Comparing Acute Symptoms and Recovery Time Following Sports-Related Concussion Across School Age Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-774
Author(s):  
T Tarkenton ◽  
C Presley ◽  
N Didehbani ◽  
C H Silver ◽  
C M Cullum
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Age ◽  
Early Elementary ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
The North ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Recovery Times

Abstract Purpose Despite considerable research on pediatric sports-related concussion (SRC), few studies have analyzed groups from school-age through young adulthood. This study aimed to examine acute symptoms (i.e., emotional, physical, and cognitive) and recovery times across this age range. Methods Participants age 5–25 with SRC (n=611) presented to concussion clinics in the North Texas Concussion Registry within 2 weeks of injury. Subjects were stratified into 4 age groups: early elementary (age 5-9; n=19), late elementary (10–13; n=181), high school (14-17; n=384), and college (18-25; n=39). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder-7 Item Scale (GAD-7), and concussion symptom log (Sx log), were administered. ANOVA was used to compare symptom scores and recovery times across groups. Results Differences were found on PHQ-9 scores (p=.05), with the early elementary and high school groups reporting significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms than the late elementary and college groups. No differences were seen on GAD-7 scores. Differences in Sx log severity scores were nonsignificant (p=.09), although scores increased with age (early: M=21.4, late=25.7, high school=30.0, college=35.5). Lastly, recovery time differed across groups (p=.008), with early elementary participants having the longest recovery (M=8.3 days) and the college group having the shortest (M=5.1 days). Conclusion Older age groups reported higher levels of acute post-concussion symptoms and more rapid recovery compared to younger age groups, suggesting that symptomatology and recovery time vary developmentally and the effects of age warrant consideration in young athletes.

scholarly journals The incidence of pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) in pre-school and school aged children in the Eastern Slovakia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
A. Dudlová ◽  
P. Juriš ◽  
P. Jarčuška ◽  
Z. Vasilková ◽  
V. Vargová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
School Age ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Helminth infections caused by Enterobius vermicularis have a cosmopolitan character and most often affect the paediatric pre-school and school age population. The presented study was conducted to determine the prevalence of E. vermicularis in the analyzed population of children in the Eastern Slovakia. The Graham’s scotch tape method was used to investigate the presence of Enterobius vermicularis eggs in 390 specimens. The analyzed set consisted of 218 girls and 172 boys, divided by age into three groups - aged from 5 months to 2 years, aged from 3 to 6 years, and aged from 7 to 15 years. Investigation of perianal scotch tapes of children for the presence of E. vermicularis eggs revealed the prevalence of E. vermicularis was P = 3.59 %. Depending on the incidence of E. vermicularis infection, we detected no statistically signifi cant difference (p> 0.05). The prevalence of E. vermicularis in boys was P = 4.07 %, and in girls P = 3.21 %. The highest prevalence of E. vermicularis was recorded in the group of children aged from 3 to 6 years (P = 5.03 %). Most of the samples were positive at age 4 and 5. The lowest prevalence was in the group of children aged from 5 months to 2 years (P = 0.97 %), and the prevalence of E. vermicularis in the group of children aged from 7 to 15 was P = 3.91 %. The difference in the incidence of E. vermicularis infection among different age groups of children was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Enterobius vermicularis nematode infection and enterobiasis currently represents a major public health problem in Slovakia. At the present its occurrence is the most frequent in the paediatric population. Therefore it is important to introduce a targeted hygienic-epidemiological measure in children’s collectives, what also should include proper and effective diagnostics and frequent recurrent therapy.

scholarly journals Factors associated with increasing campylobacteriosis incidence in Michigan, 2004–2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (15) ◽  
pp. 3316-3325 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. CHA ◽  
T. HENDERSON ◽  
J. COLLINS ◽  
S. D. MANNING
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Animal Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Case Data

SUMMARYThis study was conducted to examine the incidence trend of campylobacteriosis in Michigan over a 10-year period and to investigate risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with infection. Campylobacter case data from 2004 to 2013 was obtained from the Michigan Disease Surveillance System. We conducted statistical and spatial analyses to examine trends and identify factors linked to campylobacteriosis as well as ecological associations using animal density data from the National Agricultural Statistics Service. An increasing trend of Campylobacter incidence and hospitalization was observed, which was linked to specific age groups and rural residence. Cases reporting ruminant contact and well water as the primary drinking source had a higher risk of campylobacteriosis, while higher cattle density was associated with an increased risk at the county level. Additional studies are needed to identify age-specific risk factors and examine prevalence and transmission dynamics in ruminants and the environment to aid in the development of more effective preventive strategies.

A new surveillance indicator identifying optimal timeliness and accuracy: application to the Korean National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System for 2001–2007

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 2634-2643 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. YOO ◽  
S. I. CHO ◽  
J. K. LEE ◽  
H. K. PARK ◽  
E. G. LEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Public Health Centre ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Time Accuracy

SUMMARYAlthough immediate notification of a case is crucial for epidemic control, clinicians may delay notification due to uncertainties in diagnosis, reflecting a trade-off between timeliness and the accuracy of surveillance. We assessed this trade-off for four epidemic-prone diseases that require immediate notification of suspected cases: shigellosis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and cholera in the Korean National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System data for 2001–2007. Timeliness was measured as the time to registration (TR), being the time interval from symptom onset to notification by the clinician to the local public health centre. We introduced a new index, ‘time-accuracy trade-off ratio’ to indicate time saved by clinical vs. laboratory-based notifications. Clinical notifications comprised 34·4% of total notifications, and these showed a shorter median TR than laboratory-based notifications (1–4 days). The trade-off ratio was greatest for shigellosis (3·3 days), and smallest for typhoid fever (0·6 days). A higher trade-off ratio provides stronger evidence for clinical notification without waiting for laboratory confirmation.

scholarly journals Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in Houston, Texas: An outline

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafeez Rehman ◽  
Imran Shaikh ◽  
Kasimu Muhetaer ◽  
Salma Khuwaja
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Enterobacteriaceae Infections

ObjectiveTo examine demographic as well as clinical characteristics of theCarbapenam Resistant Enteriobacteriacae (CRE) Organisms cases inHouston, Texas, 2015-2016IntroductionAccording to CDC, CRE is used to describe bacteria that are non-susceptible to one or more carbapenems; doripenem, meropenemor imipenem and resistant to third generation cephalosporins likeceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime. These organisms causeinfections that are associated with high mortality rates and they havethe potential to spread widely. Antibiotic resistant bacteria causemore than 2 million illnesses and at least 23,000 deaths each year inUnited States. CREs are found in many health care settings like acutecare hospitals, long term care facilities, nursing homes, rehabilitationfacilities and other health care settings. Although CREs includes anumber of species, reporting in State of Texas is limited to CRE-Klebsiellaspecies and CRE-E.coli.MethodsPopulation-based surveillance data was generated from Houston’selectronic disease surveillance system reported to Houston HealthDepartment (HHD) from October 2015 to July 2016. Descriptiveanalysis was performed to examine demographic and clinicalcharacteristics across different age groups, gender and race/ethnicity.HHD has received a total of 463 CRE cases during the time period,out of which 72 were non-reportable and did not meet the casecriteria, 187 were out of jurisdiction. The remaining 204 cases wereincluded in this study.ResultsOut of a total of 204 cases, males and females were representedequally (50% each). The mean age of the cases was 67 years(age ranges from 22-98). Majority of the cases were in the older agegroup, 70 years and above 53 (26%), followed by 48 (24%) in agegroup 80 and above years. Among the different race/ethnic groups,African-Americans comprised of 82 (40%), followed by Whites67 (33%) and Hispanics 33 (16%). Out of 204 cases, 156 (76%)were hospitalized, which included acute care hospital, long-termacute care or nursing home. Out of 156 hospitalized cases, 71 (34%)were in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and 136 (67%) had an invasiveor indwelling device. Of all the cases, 80% had CREKlebsiellapneumoniae, followed by 11% who had CRE- E coli. The cases weredistributed evenly across the city when plotted on ArcGIS with theirresidential addresses.ConclusionsCRE cases are found to be more common among older age groups,African American population and in hospitalized patients. CRE canbe a ground for increasing infectious diseases in the community andone of the reason may be unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents.This study provides a glimpse into the number of CRE cases reportedin Houston since CREs are classified a separate disease in Texas.Further studies are needed to explore the occurrence of anti-microbialdrug resistance among the specific population groups and how thecase investigation efforts can be targeted to enhance prevention.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Notifiable Disease Surveillance System in Centenary District, Zimbabwe, 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
N. Mairosi ◽  
C. Tshuma ◽  
T. P. Juru ◽  
N. T. Gombe ◽  
G. Shambira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance System

Abstract P053: Increment And Stabilization Of Diabetes Prevalence In The Province Of Quebec, Canada: A Combination Of Lower Mortality And Incidence In Older Adults Only

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah O'Connor ◽  
Claudia Blais ◽  
Jacinthe Leclerc ◽  
Denis Hamel ◽  
Marjolaine Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes ◽  
Crude Prevalence

Introduction: In the last decade, an increase in the prevalence and a reduction in the incidence of diabetes have been observed in many countries including Canada. Yet, some Canadian provinces depicted an elevation in incidence rates among younger age groups. Our objective was to document these trends in the province of Quebec from fiscal years 2001 to 2017. Hypothesis: Prevalence is increasing because of raising incidence in individuals aged <50 years. Methods: Prevalence, incidence and all-cause mortality among cases of diabetes ≥20 years were assessed using the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (n=6,551,045 in 2017). Estimations were age-standardized or stratified by 10-year age groups. Results: In 2017, the crude prevalence and incidence of diabetes were 9.9% [99% confidence interval: 9.9-10.0] (n=651,370) and 6.0 per 1,000 inhabitants [5.9-6.0] (n=35,355), respectively. Between 2001 and 2017, the age-standardized prevalence increased by 43% (6.3% [6.3-6.3] to 9.0% [9.0-9.1]), while age-standardized incidence decreased by 29% (8.3 per 1,000 [8.2-8.4] to 5.9 per 1,000 [5.9-6.0]). In every age group, the prevalence increased steadily with progressive stabilization from 2011 and onward, except for the 60-69 years old group who depicted a reduction from 2012 to 2017. Incidence remained stable among <50 years old, while it decreased for ≥50 years (-26%, -33%, -36% for 50-59, 60-69 and ≥70 years old, respectively) (Figure 1). Age-standardized mortality among adults with diabetes decreased by 24% (20.7 per 1,000 [20.1-21.3] to 15.8 per 1,000 [15.4-16.3]). Mortality rates decreased by 27% among the 40-49 years old, with greater reductions in older age groups (-28%, -35%, -34% in the 50-59, 60-69 and ≥70 years, respectively). Conclusions: The rise and stabilization of diabetes prevalence could be due to a reduction in incidence in patients aged ≥50 years and mortality among all age groups. Prevention of diabetes should be a priority among individuals aged <50 years as diabetes incidence is not decreasing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document