Anaflex and noxyflex: low-toxicity antiseptics

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (20) ◽  
pp. 79-80
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antibacterial Action ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Low Toxicity

The use of antibiotics on the surface of the body or in its cavities is often undesirable because of the risks of encouraging the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms and of causing hypersensitivity reactions. Antiseptics, substances with an antibacterial action but not suitable for systemic administration, are therefore useful if they have a very broad antimicrobial spectrum, negligible tissue toxicity and allergenicity, and high and rapid activity in the presence of excess organic material. A group of hydroxymethylurea antiseptics, represented by polynoxylin and noxytiolin, possess many of these properties.

scholarly journals Varied-shaped gold nanoparticles with nanogram killing efficiency as potential antimicrobial surface coatings for the medical devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Piktel ◽  
Łukasz Suprewicz ◽  
Joanna Depciuch ◽  
Sylwia Chmielewska ◽  
Karol Skłodowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Coatings ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Spherical Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Bactericidal Efficiency

AbstractMedical device-associated infections are a serious medical threat, particularly for patients with impaired mobility and/or advanced age. Despite a variety of antimicrobial coatings for medical devices being explored to date, only a limited number have been introduced for clinical use. Research into new bactericidal agents with the ability to eradicate pathogens, limit biofilm formation, and exhibit satisfactory biocompatibility, is therefore necessary and urgent. In this study, a series of varied-morphology gold nanoparticles in shapes of rods, peanuts, stars and spherical-like, porous ones with potent antibacterial activity were synthesized and thoroughly tested against spectrum of Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains, as well as spectrum of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. The optimization of gold nanoparticles synthesis allowed to develop nanomaterials, which are proved to be significantly more potent against tested microbes compared with the gold nanoformulations reported to date. Notably, their antimicrobial spectrum includes strains with different drug resistance mechanisms. Facile and cost-efficient synthesis of gold nanoparticles, remarkable bactericidal efficiency at nanogram doses, and low toxicity, underline their potential for development as a new coatings, as indicated by the example of urological catheters. The presented research fills a gap in microbial studies of non-spherical gold nanoparticles for the development of antimicrobial coatings targeting multidrug-resistant pathogens responsible for device-associated nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SPECTRUM OF A POTENT STREPTOMYCES SP. GOS2 ISOLATED FROM WESTERN GHATS OF KARNATAKA, INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Gautham S. A. ◽  
Sunita C. Mesta ◽  
Onkarappa R.
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Carbohydrate Fermentation ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Western Ghats of Karnataka, India-a biodiversity hotspot is a rich source of microorganisms with undiscovered metabolic capabilities. The upsurge of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has created a greater demand for novel antibiotics. In context to the above a potent<em> </em>soil<em> Streptomyces</em> sp. GOS2 isolated from Agumbe regions of Western Ghats, and its metabolite was assessed and characterized for its antimicrobial spectrum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The isolation was carried out by soil serial dilution plating on Starch Casein Nitrate agar media (SCN). The obtained isolate was characterized by morphological and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by well in agar methods against 28 test organisms. The partial characterization of the bioactive metabolite was carried out by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and UV–Visible spectroscopy studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The isolated GOS2 was observed as a raised powdery colony with grey colored aerial mycelium and media impregnated substrate mycelium. The spore chain was rectus with smooth spore surface. The isolate was gram positive, non-acid fast, positive for catalase, hydrogen sulphide production and starch hydrolysis, negative for casein and gelatin hydrolysis. The carbohydrate fermentation studies showed acid production in dextrose and alkali production in sucrose, lactose, maltose and starch. A prominent antibacterial activity was observed with a zone of inhibition measuring 21-27 mm. The TLC showed a purple spot and UV spectroscopy revealed λ max at 233.2 and 235 nm indicating macrolide group of antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Western Ghats actinomycetes are a potent source of novel antibiotic molecules.</p>

scholarly journals Amoxicillin Induced Steven Johnson’s Syndrome: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
R Mahendra Kumar ◽  
Sanatkumar Nyamagoud ◽  
Krishna Deshpande ◽  
Ankitha Kotian
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Oral Consumption ◽  
Life Threatening

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a very rare, potentially fatal skin reaction that is typically the result of reaction to the drug. In particular, SJS is characterized by extensive skin and mucous membrane lesions (i.e. mouth, nose, esophagus, anus, and genitalia), epidermis detachment, and acute skin blisters. In 95 % of case reports, drugs were found to be an important cause for the development of SJS. This story is a case of A 42 year old male hospitalized with rashes all over the body and fever, after oral consumption of Amoxicillin drug for sore throat. This case study discusses the possibility that serious hypersensitivity reactions with Amoxicillin can rarely occur and can be extremely harmful and life-threatening Menacing. Keywords: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, Adverse drug reaction, Nikolsky’s sign

Choosing between oral amoxycillin, pivampicillin and ampicillin

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽  
Structural Modifications

Amoxycillin and pivampicillin are both structural modifications of ampicillin. Amoxycillin is itself active but pivampicillin is a prodrug* which is hydrolysed to ampicillin in the body.1 Thus the antimicrobial spectrum and activity of pivampicillin and ampicillin are identical; those of amoxycillin differ little except in typhoid, where amoxycillin is better. Ampicillin is minimally more active than amoxycillin against Haemophilus influenzae.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF THE ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE ORAL TOXICITIES OF THE NEBULIZED EXTRACT OF MYRACRODRUON URUNDEUVA ALLEMÃO IN RABBITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Islaine De Souza Salvador ◽  
Renata Da Silva Leite ◽  
Valmir Gomes De Souza ◽  
Fabricio Havy Dantas De Andrade ◽  
Rayanne Sales De A. Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Acute Study ◽  
Repeated Doses ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Dried Extract ◽  
Dose Levels

Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the acute and sub-acute oral toxicities of the nebulized dried extract of Myracrodruon urundeuva (NDEMU) leaf obtained by the spray drying technique on rabbits.Methods: In the acute toxicity study, the amount of nebulized dried extract (NDE) administered was adjusted to a dose of 2000 mg/kg of leaf powder of M. urundeuva to 6 rabbits once orally and were observed for 14 days. In the sub-acute study, the amount of NDEMU administered was adjusted to a dose of 2000 mg/kg/day of to 6 rabbits once daily for 30 day, orally. The appearance of toxic symptoms was observed every day, followed by each rabbits' food and drink intake. Haematological and biochemical analysis were observed and statistical analysis was performed on them. The rabbits were killed at the end of the study, and their organs were weighed and examined before organ histology were evaluated.Results: No toxic signs and no mortality were observed in the acute and sub-acute study. In the sub-acute study, the amount of dried extract administered was adjusted to a dose of 2000 mg/kg of leaf powder of M. urundeuva to 6 rabbits once daily for 30 days, orally. No toxic signs and no mortality were observed. There were no significant changes (p < 0.05) in the body weights, organ weights and haemato-biochemical parameters in any of the dose levels. No related histopathological lesions were observed.Conclusion: The results indicate that the treatment of repeated doses with the dried NDEME showed low toxicity in rabbits.

scholarly journals A Chitosan-Based Micellar System as Nanocarrier For the Delivery of Paclitaxel

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Han ◽  
Na Liang ◽  
Pengfei Yan ◽  
Yoshiaki Kawashima ◽  
Fude Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Loading ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Micellar System ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Chitosan Derivative ◽  
Drug Delivery Carrier ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Low Toxicity

In this study, a redox-sensitive chitosan derivative with modifications by cholesterol, sulfhydryl, and mPEG (mPEG-CS(SH)-CHO) was successfully synthesized and characterized. Due to its amphiphilicity, the conjugate could spontaneously form micelles in an aqueous environment. The optimized paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded mPEG-CS(SH)-CHO micelles, with a mean diameter of 158 nm, zeta potential of +26.9 mV, drug loading of 11.7%, and entrapment efficiency of 88.3%, were successfully prepared. The results of an XRD study demonstrated that PTX was loaded in the core of the micelles in a non-crystalline state. Inspiringly, the PTX-loaded micelles possessed excellent anticancer effect but low toxicity to the body. It can be concluded that the mPEG-CS(SH)-CHO micellar system is a promising drug delivery carrier for the controlled release of PTX.

Bioavailability and preliminary toxicity evaluations of alumina nanoparticles in vivo after oral exposure

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Tao Yang ◽  
Tiancheng Wang ◽  
Erya Dong ◽  
Xin-Xin Chen ◽  
Kun Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Low Toxicity

Abstract Alumina nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most important nanomaterials and are widely used in diverse areas. In this study, we evaluated the bioavailability and toxicity of alumina NPs in mice after oral exposure, compared with traditional alumina powder. Our results indicated that negligible alumina NPs were absorbed post-exposure and alumina NPs did not influence the balance of essential trace elements, including Fe, Cu and Zn. Preliminary toxicological evaluations suggested that alumina NPs were of low toxicity. The body weights were similar among the mice exposed to alumina NPs, alumina powder and 0.9% NaCl aqueous solution. The low toxicity was also indicated by the unchanged serum biochemical parameters. The implications related to the ongoing safety evaluations and applications of alumina NPs are discussed.

scholarly journals Synergy of the Bacteriocin AS-48 and Antibiotics against Uropathogenic Enterococci

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Manuel Montalbán-López ◽  
Rubén Cebrián ◽  
Rosa Galera ◽  
Lidia Mingorance ◽  
Antonio M. Martín-Platero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Circular Bacteriocin ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Novel Drug

The genus Enterococcus comprises a ubiquitous group of Gram-positive bacteria that can cause diverse health care-associated infections. Their genome plasticity enables easy acquisition of virulence factors as well as antibiotic resistances. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated UTIs are common diseases caused by enterococci. In this study, Enterococcus strains isolated from UTIs were characterized, showing that the majority were E. faecalis and contained several virulence factors associated to a better colonization of the urinary tract. Their susceptibility against the bacteriocin AS-48 and several antibiotics was tested. AS-48 is a potent circular bacteriocin that causes bacterial death by pore formation in the cell membrane. The interest of this bacteriocin is based on the potent inhibitory activity, the high stability against environmental conditions, and the low toxicity. AS-48 was active at concentrations below 10 mg/L even against antibiotic-resistant strains, whereas these strains showed resistance to, at least, seven of the 20 antibiotics tested. Moreover, the effect of AS-48 combined with antibiotics commonly used to treat UTIs was largely synergistic (with up to 100-fold MIC reduction) and only occasionally additive. These data suggest AS-48 as a potential novel drug to deal with or prevent enterococcal infections.

Nitrogen as a potential health hazard

1982 ◽  
Vol 296 (1082) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Possible ways in which disturbances of the nitrogen cycle might result in deleterious effects on human and animal life are discussed, including the hazardous properties of oxides ofN, nitrate and nitrite, and certain N-nitroso compounds that may be found in the environment. The main biological actions of oxides of N are caused by NO 2 , which is a powerful respiratory irritant. Nitrates have relatively low toxicity but nitrites can cause methaemoglobinaemia, which may be fatal, particularly in infants. Nitrosamines occur in the environment in very low concentrations in certain foods, in tobacco smoke, and in the atmosphere in some areas. Carcinogenic nitrosamines can also be formed in the body by reaction of endogenous amines with nitrites, part of the latter being derived from saliva. Although nitrosamines are established as powerful carcinogens in animals, their possible role in human cancer is uncertain and requires further study.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Graphene and Graphene Oxide as a Potential Material for Fiber Finishes

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Olborska ◽  
Anna Janas-Naze ◽  
Łukasz Kaczmarek ◽  
Tomasz Warga ◽  
Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Internal Cell ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Additive Materials

AbstractThe dynamic development of the world economy entails an increasing exchange of goods and population. This means that we are globally struggling with increasing levels of nosocomial infections. The increasing use of antimicrobial agents triggers the microorganisms’ immune system, which in turn contributes to the increasing amount of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, making it necessary to control the development of unwanted microorganisms, including bacteria, especially those carried on the body and clothing.Currently, there is no unique method to combat the multiplication of microorganisms and eliminate threats to human health and life. For this reason, this article describes the possibilities of using graphene materials as a potential additive materials in fiber finishes as an antibacterial aspect in various areas of life. However, the literature does not explain the mechanisms behind the antibacterial properties of graphene, strongly limiting its textile application. The research is conducted using molecular dynamic simulations of interaction between graphene materials and murein. The obtained results suggest the electrostatic mechanism of blocking the growth and division of bacteria. Due to the physical interaction, bacterial cell becomes “trapped” without changing its growth parameters. This may lead to an increase of internal cell pressure, rupture of its wall and consequently its death.

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