CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SPECTRUM OF A POTENT STREPTOMYCES SP. GOS2 ISOLATED FROM WESTERN GHATS OF KARNATAKA, INDIA

Objective: Western Ghats of Karnataka, India-a biodiversity hotspot is a rich source of microorganisms with undiscovered metabolic capabilities. The upsurge of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has created a greater demand for novel antibiotics. In context to the above a potent soil Streptomyces sp. GOS2 isolated from Agumbe regions of Western Ghats, and its metabolite was assessed and characterized for its antimicrobial spectrum.Methods: The isolation was carried out by soil serial dilution plating on Starch Casein Nitrate agar media (SCN). The obtained isolate was characterized by morphological and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by well in agar methods against 28 test organisms. The partial characterization of the bioactive metabolite was carried out by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and UV–Visible spectroscopy studies.Results: The isolated GOS2 was observed as a raised powdery colony with grey colored aerial mycelium and media impregnated substrate mycelium. The spore chain was rectus with smooth spore surface. The isolate was gram positive, non-acid fast, positive for catalase, hydrogen sulphide production and starch hydrolysis, negative for casein and gelatin hydrolysis. The carbohydrate fermentation studies showed acid production in dextrose and alkali production in sucrose, lactose, maltose and starch. A prominent antibacterial activity was observed with a zone of inhibition measuring 21-27 mm. The TLC showed a purple spot and UV spectroscopy revealed λ max at 233.2 and 235 nm indicating macrolide group of antibiotics.Conclusion: Western Ghats actinomycetes are a potent source of novel antibiotic molecules.

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Isolation and Genomic Identification of Salmonella Pullorum in the Poultry Farms of Nepal

Nepalese Veterinary Journal ◽

10.3126/nvj.v34i0.22858 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

D.R. Khanal ◽

R. Pokhrel ◽

N. Bajracharya ◽

S. Khanal ◽

P. Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Genomic Analysis ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Metabolic Characteristics ◽

Central Nepal ◽

Salmonella Pullorum ◽

Carbohydrate Fermentation ◽

Agar Media ◽

Identification Of Bacteria ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Disease Present

In the present study, Salmonella pullorum bacteria were isolated from 30 liver samples of poultry collected during the postmortem examination of suspected cases of pullorum disease from five major poultry producing districts (Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Kavre and Chitwan) of central Nepal in 2014. After isolating bacterial colonies from 30 samples in Brilliant Green Agar (BGA) and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar media, biochemical tests carried out for the identification of bacteria. On carbohydrate fermentation tests, 25 isolates showed metabolic characteristics typical for Salmonella while genomic analysis performed with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by amplifying Salmonella pullorum specific rfbs gene (187 bp) targeting Adenine residue at 237 positions confirmed that 18 isolates were from poultry suffering from pullorum disease. Present result warranted the need for routine biochemical and genomic investigations for better understanding of the species of Salmonella prevalent and subsequent adoption of suitable control strategy in the poultry operation.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH PNEUMONIA IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11215 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 67-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MA Momin ◽

MA Islam ◽

MM Khatun ◽

MM Rahman ◽

MA Islam

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Research Work ◽

Nutrient Agar ◽

Blood Agar ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Golden Yellow ◽

Agar Media ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

The present research work was undertaken for the characterization of the bacterial pathogens responsible for pneumonia in black Bengal goats. Nasal swab samples (n = 50) were collected from the pneumonic black Bengal goats in Mymensingh and Sirajgonj districts. Samples were inoculated onto nutrient agar, eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, MacConkey agar, and blood agar media for isolation of bacteria. Identification of bacteria was performed by the Gram's staining method, cultural properties and biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial isolates was performed against 11 antimicrobial agents. Pasteurella spp were isolated from 25 cases, and Staphylococcus spp from 13 cases. Mixed infection caused by the Pasteurella spp and Staphylococcus spp. were recorded in 12 cases. Pasteurella spp produced whitish, opaque circular and translucent colonies on nutrient agar, smooth, convex, glistening colonies on EMB agar and no hemolysis on blood agar. Staphylococcus spp have shown gray white or golden yellowish colonies on nutrient agar. Golden yellow colonies without hemolysis or whitish colonies with hemolysis were also produced by Staphylococcus spp. on the blood agar media. Pasteurella spp were indole positive, MR-VP negative and ferment dextrose, sucrose and mannitol with the production of acid. The Staphylococcus spp were positive to MR-VP, coagulase and catalase reactions, negative to indole test and fermented five basic sugars with acid production. Results of cultural and biochemical tests supported that these two isolates belonged to P. multocida and S. aureus. P. multocida were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and resistant to penicillin. S. aureus found to be highly sensitive to erythromycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin and less sensitive to amoxicillin. DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11215Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 67-71

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Detection of pathogenic bacteria associated with earphones used by students of Stamford University Bangladesh

Stamford Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50723 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Omor Ahmed Chowdhury ◽

Md Raihan Ahmed ◽

Md Raihan Dipu ◽

Md Aftab Uddin

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Potential Source ◽

Different Types ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

The use of earphones has increased in recent times throughout the world especially among the different level of students such as school, college or university who have a higher tendency of sharing these among them. Unlike airline headsets, headphones and stethoscope ear-pieces, ear phones are often shared by multiple users and can be a potential medium for transmission of pathogens, which can give rise to various ear related infections. The objective of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from the ear-phones used by the students of Stamford University Bangladesh. A total of 16 ear-phone swabs were collected by sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were inoculated onto blood agar and incubated aerobically overnight at 37oC. Microscopic observation and standard biochemical tests were performed to confirm the identification of all the bacterial isolates. Six presumptively identified Staphylococcus spp. (38%) were tested against six different types of antibiotics following Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Isolates were found to be 84% resistant against Cotrimoxazole and demonstrated 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Ciprorofloxacin. The findings of this study suggest the users to disinfect their respective ear phones and not to exchange them as they may act as a potential source to transfer pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria among the ear phone users. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 1-4

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Streptomyces qinglanensis sp. nov., isolated from mangrove sediment

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.032201-0 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (Pt_3) ◽

pp. 596-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Huo Hu ◽

Hai-Peng Lin ◽

Qingyi Xie ◽

Lei Li ◽

Xin-Qiang Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerial Mycelium ◽

Diaminopimelic Acid ◽

Mangrove Sediment ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Phenotypic Differentiation ◽

Mangrove Soil ◽

Type Strains ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

A Streptomyces-like strain, 172205T, was obtained from mangrove soil collected at Qinglan Harbour, Wenchang, Hainan, China. The strain was characterized by white aerial mycelium and long spore chains. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represents a novel member of the genus Streptomyces, exhibiting highest levels of similarity (<98.29 %) to the type strains of members of the genus Streptomyces. However, DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic data readily distinguished strain 172205T from phylogenetically related type strains. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (10.31 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (35.19 %), iso-C16 : 0 (20.24 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (10.05 %). The diagnostic phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid and whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, galactose and glucose. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical tests allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain 172205T from phylogenetically related type strains. Therefore, strain 172205T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces qinglanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 172205T ( = CGMCC 4.6825T = DSM 42035T).

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Use of Amino Oligosaccharins and Alternaria Fine Protein in the Management of Crown Gall Disease in Roses

Current Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.12944/carj.8.2.07 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 118-127

Author(s):

Emmanuel Wesonga Atsango ◽

William Maina Muiru ◽

Agnes Wakesho Mwang’ombe ◽

Liu Gaoqiong

Keyword(s):

Crown Gall ◽

Block Design ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Negative Control ◽

Rosa Hybrida ◽

Nutrient Agar ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Crown Gall Disease ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Agar Media

Rose (Rosa hybrida Vill.) production is limited by a variety of factors such as poor mineral nutrition, high salinity, pests and diseases. Crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes a significant damage to roses in Kenya. The study was carried out in Winchester farm (Nairobi) and Bahati farm (Nakuru) to determine the effects of a mixture of amino oligosaccharins and Alternaria fine proteins on crown gall disease in roses. The experiment was conducted on Rosa hybrida var. Mariyo in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The treatments comprised of different rates 0.5, 1, 1.5g/L of water of the product at 3% concentration applied as foliar spray and a commonly used product copper sulphate pentahydrate (Mastercop) produced by ADAMA applied at 2ml/ L as the standard and water as a negative control. Crown gall tissues were collected from four different roses per treatment from the two sites, counted and used for biochemical tests in Kabete laboratory. Bacteria were isolated by culturing and the representative colony types growing on nutrient agar media selected and sub-cultured by successive streaking on nutrient agar media. The biochemical test for the different isolates was done to identify the bacterial isolates. Application of the mixture of amino oligosaccharins and Alternaria activated protein at the rate of 1.5g/L had significant effects on galls formation and reduced the numbers significantly at both farms. The gram reaction indicated that the selected isolates were gram negative and were positive for motility, catalase, oxidase, lactose, mannitol, and salt tolerance tests. There was a significant reduction in the number of galls and size following the application of amino oligosaccharins and Alternaria fine proteins as well as improvement in plant growth. The ability to manage the disease can be attributed to enhanced defense enzyme activity enhanced by amino oligosaccharins and Alternaria fine proteins.

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Characterisation of Vibrio Species from Surface and Drinking Water Sources and Assessment of Biocontrol Potentials of Their Bacteriophages

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2020/8863370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Mpho Defney Maje ◽

Christ Donald Kaptchouang Tchatchouang ◽

Madira Coutlyne Manganyi ◽

Justine Fri ◽

Collins Njie Ateba

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Tap Water ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

C 50 ◽

Species Specific

The aim of this study was to characterise Vibrio species of water samples collected from taps, boreholes, and dams in the North West province, South Africa, and assess biocontrol potentials of their bacteriophages. Fifty-seven putative Vibrio isolates were obtained on thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salt-sucrose agar and identified using biochemical tests and species-specific PCRs. Isolates were further characterised based on the presence of virulence factors, susceptibility to eleven antibiotics, and biofilm formation potentials. Twenty-two (38.60%) isolates were confirmed as Vibrio species, comprising V. harveyi (45.5%, n = 10), V. parahaemolyticus (22.7%, n = 5), V. cholerae (13.6%, n = 3), V. mimicus (9.1%, n = 2), and V. vulnificus (9.1%, n = 2). Three of the six virulent genes screened were positively amplified; four V. parahaemolyticus possessed the tdh (18.18%) and trh (18.18%) genes, while the zot gene was harboured by 3 V. cholerae (13.64%) and one V. mimicus (4.55%) isolate. Isolates revealed high levels of resistance to cephalothin (95.45%), ampicillin (77.27%), and streptomycin (40.91%), while lower resistances (4.55%–27.27%) were recorded for other antimicrobials. Sixteen (72.7%) isolates displayed multiple antibiotic-resistant properties. Cluster analysis of antibiotic resistance revealed a closer relationship between Vibrio isolates from different sampling sites. The Vibrio species displayed biofilm formation potentials at 37°C (63.6, n = 14), 35°C (50%, n = 11), and 25°C (36.4%, n = 8). Two phages isolated in this study (vB_VpM_SA3V and vB_VcM_SA3V) were classified as belonging to the family Myoviridae based on electron microscopy. These were able to lyse multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae strains. These findings not only indicate the presence of antibiotic-resistant virulent Vibrio species from dam, borehole, and tap water samples that could pose a health risk to humans who either come in contact with or consume water but also present these lytic phages as alternative agents that can be exploited for biological control of these pathogenic strains.

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Genetic characterization, nickel tolerance, biosorption, kinetics, and uptake mechanism of a bacterium isolated from electroplating industrial effluent

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2014-0504 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 297-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. Nagarajan ◽

P. Gunasekaran ◽

P. Rajendran

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Model ◽

Industrial Effluent ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Uptake Mechanism ◽

Biosorption Mechanism ◽

Equilibrium Data ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Spectroscopy Studies

Electroplating industries in Madurai city produce approximately 49 000 L of wastewater and 1200 L of sludge every day revealing 687–5569 ppm of nickel (Ni) with other contaminants. Seventeen Ni-tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from nutrient-enriched effluents. Among them one hyper Ni accumulating strain was scored and identified as Bacillus cereus VP17 on the basis of morphology, biochemical tests, 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Equilibrium data of Ni(II) ions using the bacterium as sorbent at isothermal conditions (37 °C) and pH 6 were best adjusted by Langmuir (R2 = 0.6268) and Freundlich models (R2 = 0.9505). Experimental validation reveals Ni sorption takes place on a heterogeneous surface of the biosorbent, and predicted metal sorption capacity is 434 ppm. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the biosorption kinetic data better than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9963 and 0.3625). Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of the bacterial strain with and without Ni(II) ion reveals the biosorption mechanism. The results conclude possibilities of using B. cereus VP17 for Ni bioremediation.

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Anaflex and noxyflex: low-toxicity antiseptics

Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin ◽

10.1136/dtb.8.20.79 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (20) ◽

pp. 79-80

Keyword(s):

Organic Material ◽

Systemic Administration ◽

The Body ◽

Antibacterial Action ◽

Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽

Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Low Toxicity

The use of antibiotics on the surface of the body or in its cavities is often undesirable because of the risks of encouraging the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms and of causing hypersensitivity reactions. Antiseptics, substances with an antibacterial action but not suitable for systemic administration, are therefore useful if they have a very broad antimicrobial spectrum, negligible tissue toxicity and allergenicity, and high and rapid activity in the presence of excess organic material. A group of hydroxymethylurea antiseptics, represented by polynoxylin and noxytiolin, possess many of these properties.

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Antibiotic and Herbal Sensitivity of Some Aeromonas sp. Isolates Collected from Diseased Carp Fishes

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16758 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (1-2) ◽

pp. 117-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MM Rahman ◽

MN Hossain

Keyword(s):

Labeo Rohita ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Viable Solution ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Herb Extracts

Studies were conducted to identify Aeromonas sp. isolates collected from disease affected carp fishes (Cyprinus carpio and Labeo rohita), their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and sensitivity to 121 herb extracts. A total of 19 Aeromonas sp. isolates were identified from a total of 84 different isolates through a series of physiological, morphological and biochemical tests. Seven antibiotics viz., streptomycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, sulphamethoxazole, cephradine, oxytetracycline and gentamycin were tested by disc diffusion method where all of the Aeromonas sp. isolates were found sensitive to streptomycin, erythromycin and gentamycin. But, 78.95% of the isolates were found resistant to oxytetracycline. In addition, 5%, 11%, and 16% isolates exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol, cephradine and sulphamethoxazole, respectively. Twenty one percent of the isolates showed multiple resistance to the antibiotics. A total of 121 herb extracts were evaluated for their sensitivity to the fish pathogenic Aeromonas sp. isolates. Among these, 23 herbs were found to possess antimicrobial activity. Leaf extracts of Eugenia caryophyllus, Spondias pinnata and Terminalia chebula were found to inhibit the growth of all the Aeromonas sp. isolates. In this study, multiple antibiotic resistant isolates were also found to be sensitive to several herb extracts. Thus, herbal treatment would promise a greater viable solution for effective treatment of fish disease.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16758 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 117 - 129, 2010

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