Knowledge of risk factors for hypertension in a rural Indian population

ObjectiveTo study knowledge of risk factors and consequences of hypertension in a rural population in South India.MethodsThis is a community-based study conducted among adults of a rural population in the Rishi Valley, India. Residents of randomised rural villages were invited to participate in a study of hypertension. We obtained measures of blood pressure, height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and questionnaire-based information on knowledge about hypertension, sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviours. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with knowledge of risk factors for hypertension (knowledge of ≥2 risk factors).ResultsThe study comprised 641 adults; 132 aware and 218 unaware of their hypertension, and 291 with normal blood pressure. Only 31% of participants knew that hypertension adversely affects an individual’s health and 7% knew the benefits of treating hypertension. Almost a third (30%) of those aware of their hypertensive status, and 48% overall, did not know any of the risk factors for hypertension. Being aware of one’s hypertensive status (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.44 to 4.39), being treated for hypertension, male sex, younger age, having some schooling, abdominal obesity and physical inactivity were associated with better knowledge of risk factors for hypertension.Conclusion Knowledge of risk factors and consequences of hypertension in this disadvantaged population was poor. There was better knowledge of risk factors in some, but not all, people who were aware of having hypertension. Screening and targeted educational programmes are warranted in this population to improve health behaviours and reduce the consequences of hypertension.

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The Impact of a Yearlong Diabetes Prevention Program-Based Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiovascular Health Metrics

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health ◽

10.1177/21501327211029816 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 215013272110298

Author(s):

Susan M. Devaraj ◽

Bonny Rockette-Wagner ◽

Rachel G. Miller ◽

Vincent C. Arena ◽

Jenna M. Napoleone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Prevention Program ◽

Diabetes Prevention ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Diabetes Prevention Program ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Community Based ◽

The Impact

Introduction The American Heart Association created “Life’s Simple Seven” metrics to estimate progress toward improving US cardiovascular health in a standardized manner. Given the widespread use of federally funded Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)-based lifestyle interventions such as the Group Lifestyle Balance (DPP-GLB), evaluation of change in health metrics within such a program is of national interest. This study examined change in cardiovascular health metric scores during the course of a yearlong DPP-GLB intervention. Methods Data were combined from 2 similar randomized trials offering a community based DPP-GLB lifestyle intervention to overweight/obese individuals with prediabetes and/or metabolic syndrome. Pre/post lifestyle intervention participation changes in 5 of the 7 cardiovascular health metrics were examined at 6 and 12 months (BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, physical activity). Smoking was rare and diet was not measured. Results Among 305 participants with complete data (81.8% of 373 eligible adults), significant improvements were demonstrated in all 5 risk factors measured continuously at 6 and 12 months. There were significant positive shifts in the “ideal” and “total” metric scores at both time points. Also noted were beneficial shifts in the proportion of participants across categories for BMI, activity, and blood pressure. Conclusion AHA-metrics could have clinical utility in estimating an individual’s cardiovascular health status and in capturing improvement in cardiometabolic/behavioral risk factors resulting from participation in a community-based translation of the DPP lifestyle intervention.

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Correction: Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia and Associated Risk Factors in a Rural Population in South-Western Uganda: A Community Based Survey

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0173133 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. e0173133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gershim Asiki ◽

Georgina A. V. Murphy ◽

Kathy Baisley ◽

Rebecca N. Nsubuga ◽

Dermot Maher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Population ◽

Community Based ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Western Uganda

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Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia and Associated Risk Factors in a Rural Population in South-Western Uganda: A Community Based Survey

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0126166 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e0126166 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Gershim Asiki ◽

Georgina A. V. Murphy ◽

Kathy Baisley ◽

Rebecca N. Nsubuga ◽

Alex Karabarinde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Population ◽

Community Based ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Western Uganda

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Community-Based Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension and Diabetes in Dharan

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.548 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (189) ◽

pp. 205-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sanjib Kumar Sharma ◽

Subodh Dhakal ◽

Lekhjung Thapa ◽

Anup Ghimire ◽

Rikesh Tamrakar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Management Program ◽

Community Based ◽

Spot Urine

Introduction: Nepal cannot afford renal replacement therapy for End Stage Renal Disease due to lack of resources. Early diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease and its risk factors may reduce the need of renal replacement therapy.Methods:A community-based screening on, 3218 people ≥20 years were assessed by door-to-door survey in Dharan, Nepal. Health status, lifestyle habit, physical examination and blood pressure were evaluated. Spot urine was examined for proteins and glucose by dipstick. Fasting blood glucose and serum creatinine were measured in a subset of 1000 people and the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease was evaluated.Results: Overweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and proteinuria were found in 20%, 5.0%, 38.6%, 7.5%, and 5.1% respectively. In the subset group, Chronic Kidney Disease was detected in 10.6%. Multivariate analysis indicated age (P <0.0001) and diabetes (P = 0.027) as statistically significant predictors for Chronic Kidney Disease. Total of 848 patients entered the management program of lifestyle modification and pharmacologic intervention. Glycemic and blood pressure control was achieved in 60% and 72%, respectively. Regression or stabilization of proteinuria was reported in 52% of patients. Conclusions: Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease and cardiovascular risk factors are high in Dharan. Reasonable control of blood sugar, hypertension and proteinuria was achieved in this program. Findings indicate that activation a large prevention and intervention program to tackle Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease in Nepal is needed.Keywords: chronic kidney disease; community-screening; diabetes; hypertension; intervention; Nepal.

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Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in adults: a nique study at field practice area of urban health training centre

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170293 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 572 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abhijeet S. Ingale ◽

J. V. Dixit

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Urban Health ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

World Health ◽

Community Based ◽

Training Centre ◽

Health Training ◽

Field Practice ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: The theme for World Health Day 2013 based on controlling high blood pressure, a condition which affects more than one in three adults and leads to more than nine million deaths worldwide every year. There is a felt need for the community based studies in urban and rural areas of our country with a view to determine the geographic differences in the prevalence of hypertension. The knowledge about the existing risk factors of hypertension in the local community helps in developing prevention programs tailor-made to modify behavioral changes and promoting healthy lifestyles among the target groups. The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and examine its associated risk factors in an urban area. The aim and objectives were to find out the prevalence of hypertension in the field practice area of Urban Health Training Centre and to study the risk factors associated with hypertension.Methods:A case control study after community based cross sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of Urban Health Training Centre of Government Medical College, Aurangabad, India. Subjects were examined with the help of pretested proforma. The blood pressure, weight, height of the subjects were measured and recorded according to standard protocol. Data was entered and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software.Results: 305 study subjects were examined. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 26.2%. Prevalence of hypertension was more in females 33.3% than in males 16.8% which was found to be statistically significant. All risk factors were subjected to multiple logistic regression analysis. Out of fourteen risk factors submitted for multivariate analysis, five out to be significant and independent risk factors for hypertension i.e. (higher socioeconomic status, Mixed diet, Additional dietary salt intake, <8hrs of sleep and restless sleep).Conclusions:These observations re-emphasize the need for tailor-made hypertension awareness programs. It also brings to light the need for follow-up, counselling and monitoring of hypertensive’s to reduce non-compliance to anti-hypertensive medication and lifestyle modification in urban areas.

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Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults: A community based study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248934 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0248934

Author(s):

Meseret Molla Asemu ◽

Alemayehu Worku Yalew ◽

Negussie Deyessa Kabeta ◽

Desalew Mekonnen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Significant Risk ◽

World Health ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Programs

Background In all areas of the World Health Organization, the prevalence of hypertension was highest in Africa. High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for coronary and ischemic diseases, as well as hemorrhagic stroke. However, there were scarce data concerning the magnitude and risk factors of hypertension. Thus, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Addis Ababa city. Method A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to October 2018 in Addis Ababa city. Participants aged 18 years and older recruited using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were collected by face-to-face interview technique. All three WHO STEPS instruments were applied. Additionally, participants’ weight, height, waist, hip, and blood pressure (BP) were measured according to standard procedures. Multiple logistic regressions were used and Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were also calculated to identify associated factors. Results In this study, a total of 3560 participants were included.The median age was 32 years (IQR 25, 45). More than half (57.3%) of the respondents were females. Almost all (96.2%) of participants consumed vegetables and or fruits less than five times per day. Eight hundred and sixty-five (24.3%) of respondents were overweight, while 287 (8.1%) were obese. One thousand forty-one 29.24% (95% CI: 27.75–30.74) were hypertensive, of whom two-thirds (61.95%) did not know that they had hypertension. Factors significantly associated with hypertension were age 30–49 and ≥50 years (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.39–5.56) and (AOR = 8.23, 95% CI: 4.09–16.55) respectively, being male (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.18–2.99), consumed vegetables less than or equal to 3 days per week (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.21–4.93), obesity (AOR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.13–3.71), abdominal obesity (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.10–2.64) and high triglyceride level (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.38–3.07). Conclusion In Addis Ababa, around one in three adults are hypertensive. With a large proportion, unaware of their condition. We recommend integrating regular community-based screening programs as integral parts of the health promotion and disease prevention strategies. Lifestyle interventions shall target the modifiable risk factors associated with hypertension, such as weight loss and increased vegetable consumption.

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Association of Low Systolic Blood Pressure with Postmortem Amyloid-β and Tau

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-200412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 1755-1764

Author(s):

Shahram Oveisgharan ◽

Ana W. Capuano ◽

Alifiya Kapasi ◽

Aron S. Buchman ◽

Julie A. Schneider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Community Based ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Score ◽

Linear Regressions

Background: Vascular mechanisms may contribute to the accumulation of AD pathology. Objective: We examined whether the burden of vascular risk factors proximate to death is associated with amyloid-β and tau levels or modified their known association. Methods: We examined the brains of 1, 585 participants from two longitudinal community-based studies of older adults. Amyloid-β and tau were quantified by postmortem examination. The burden of vascular risk factors was summarized by calculating the Framingham general cardiovascular risk score (FRS) proximate to death. Using linear regressions, we examined the association of the FRS with the amyloid-β and tau levels and examined if the FRS modified the association of the amyloid-β with tau. Results: On average, participants were nearly 90 years old and two-thirds were women. The FRS was not associated with amyloid-β (Spearman r = –0.00, p = 0.918) or tau (r = 0.01, p = 0.701). However, the FRS as a whole (estimate = –0.022, SE = 0.008, p = 0.009), and specifically the systolic blood pressure (SBP) component (estimate = –0.033, SE = 0.012, p = 0.009), modified the association of the amyloid-β with tau. Further analysis showed that the association between amyloid-β and tau was stronger at lower levels of SBP. Conclusion: Late-life vascular risk scores were not related to postmortem levels of amyloid-β or tau. However, lower levels of vascular risk scores and SBP were associated with a stronger association between amyloid-β and tau. These data suggest that vascular risk factors may modify the relation of AD pathology markers to one another.

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Risk factors of diabetic retinopathy and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study of 13 473 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in mainland China

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016280 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e016280 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Yan Liu ◽

Jiarui Yang ◽

Liyuan Tao ◽

Huibin Lv ◽

Xiaodan Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Mainland China ◽

Diabetes Duration ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Younger Age ◽

Independent Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) among Chinese patients with diabetes.Design, setting and participantsA cross-sectional investigation was performed in eight screening clinics in six provinces across mainland China. Information about the risk factors was recorded in screening clinics. Some risk factors (sex, age, diagnosis age, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)) were recorded in all eight clinics, while others were collected only in a subset of the clinics. The relationships between the risk factors and DR and between the risk factors and STDR were explored for the eight factors mentioned above and for all factors studied.Main outcomes and measuresRisk factors of DR and STDR were assessed, and a nomogram of the results was produced.ResultsYounger age, longer diabetes duration, higher SBP, higher FBG and higher HbA1c were found to be independent risk factors for both DR and STDR in the eight-factor analyses. In the all-factor analysis, younger age, longer diabetes duration, higher SBP, oral medicine use and insulin use were independent risk factors for both DR and STDR; higher postprandial blood glucose (PBG), HbA1c, triglyceride andlow-density lipoprotein were independent risk factors for DR only, and higher FBG was a risk factor for STDR only.ConclusionsIn this cross-sectional investigation, several risk factors were found for DR and STDR. Notably, FBG, PBG and HbA1c were all risk factors for DR or STDR, suggesting that stricter blood glucose control in clinical practice is required.

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Prevalence of hypertension and its modifiable risk factors among rural population aged ≥13 years

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 2718

Author(s):

S. P. Singh ◽

Chitra Rani Chauhan ◽

Vijayshree Verma

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Population ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Myocardial Infarctions ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chewing Tobacco ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Rural And Urban

Background: Hypertension is a silent physiological ailment leading to bizarre pathological complications. Every year, some 12 million fatal and 20 million nonfatal strokes and myocardial infarctions occur worldwide (WHO, 2002). Prevalence was noted between rural and urban parts of India 27.6% (23.2-32.0) and 33.8% (29.7-37.8).Methods: Study design community-based cross-sectional study. Sampling technique multistage random sampling technique was used to select representative sample from rural population of Kanpur.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in our study was found to be 21.27%, more among females 23.2% than males 19.7%. The results of logistic regression analysis with HTN status as dependent variable, to identify the effects of 6 risk factors (independent variables) for hypertension body mass index (BMI), grade of work, excess salt consumption, mental stress, smoking/chewing tobacco, alcohol intake. The odds ratio was 3.57 for the BMI with lower limit of 95% C.I. being 2.73, implying that it’s at least 2.73 times related to hypertension and odds of other risk factors shows that all the 6 risk factors related statistically. There was significant correlation was found between BMI, blood pressure (BP) and age. There was signiﬁcance (p<0.01) of positive correlation BMI with both systolic and diastolic BP with correlation coefficient (0.395) was stronger than diastolic BP (0.301). Conclusions: Overall prevalence of hypertension was 21.3%. Smoking, tobacco chewing increases the prevalence and Quantity of alcohol consumption were seemed to pose definite impact on mean systolic BP. BP levels increases steadily with increasing BMI and with decreasing level of physical activity (sedentary lifestyle).

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Effects of Two Community-Based Exercise Programs on Adherence, Cardiometabolic Markers, and Body Composition in Older People with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm10040176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

Esther García-Sánchez ◽

Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias ◽

Vicente Ávila-Gandía ◽

F. Javier López-Román ◽

Juan F. Menarguez-Puche

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Observational Cohort Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

Observation Period

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death globally, and cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) are major behavioral risk factors. Therefore, community-based programs are being designed based on the prescription of physical exercise from primary care centers to improve people’s health through changes in lifestyle. The objective was to compare the effects of two types of community exercise on adherence, lipid profile, body composition and blood pressure. A prospective observational cohort study was designed with two cohorts of study depending on the duration and type of physical exercise program performed. Fifty-one participants (82.4% women) with CRF completed the observation period in which they carried out a short-term, non-individualized exercise program (3 months), and 42 participants (71.4% women) with CRF completed the observation period in which they conducted a long-term, individualized exercise program (6 months). The results suggest that participants who carried out the longer program with an individualized progression produced greater adherence to physical exercise and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure. In addition, LDL and insulin levels decreased in both groups. Therefore, our results suggest that a longer duration and individualized evolution of the loads of a community exercise program lead to higher levels of physical activity (PA) and improvements diastolic blood pressure.

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