scholarly journals Risk factors of diabetic retinopathy and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study of 13 473 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in mainland China

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e016280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Jiarui Yang ◽  
Liyuan Tao ◽  
Huibin Lv ◽  
Xiaodan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) among Chinese patients with diabetes.Design, setting and participantsA cross-sectional investigation was performed in eight screening clinics in six provinces across mainland China. Information about the risk factors was recorded in screening clinics. Some risk factors (sex, age, diagnosis age, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)) were recorded in all eight clinics, while others were collected only in a subset of the clinics. The relationships between the risk factors and DR and between the risk factors and STDR were explored for the eight factors mentioned above and for all factors studied.Main outcomes and measuresRisk factors of DR and STDR were assessed, and a nomogram of the results was produced.ResultsYounger age, longer diabetes duration, higher SBP, higher FBG and higher HbA1c were found to be independent risk factors for both DR and STDR in the eight-factor analyses. In the all-factor analysis, younger age, longer diabetes duration, higher SBP, oral medicine use and insulin use were independent risk factors for both DR and STDR; higher postprandial blood glucose (PBG), HbA1c, triglyceride andlow-density lipoprotein were independent risk factors for DR only, and higher FBG was a risk factor for STDR only.ConclusionsIn this cross-sectional investigation, several risk factors were found for DR and STDR. Notably, FBG, PBG and HbA1c were all risk factors for DR or STDR, suggesting that stricter blood glucose control in clinical practice is required.

Activities and risk factors associated with fall-related injuries among US Army soldiers

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001564
Author(s):  
Raina D Brooks ◽  
T Grier ◽  
B H Jones ◽  
M C Chervak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Near Falls ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Army Soldiers

IntroductionFalls/near falls are the second leading cause of hospitalisation and outpatient visits among US Army soldiers. While numerous studies have evaluated fall-related or near fall-related injuries among elderly adults, few have evaluated this association among young adults. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics and risk factors associated with fall-related or near fall-related injuries among male US Army soldiers.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of male US Army Airborne Division soldiers (n=5187). Electronic surveys captured demographic, lifestyle, physical training (PT), fitness and injury data during spring/summer of 2016. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors of fall-related or near fall-related injuries, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsPrimary findings indicated that activities and risk factors associated with fall-related or near fall-related injuries among soldiers included younger age (≤35 years), holding a job that required minimal lifting activities, slower 2-mile run times and not running during personal PT.ConclusionsThe findings from this study suggest that male US Army soldiers and other physically active men may benefit from (1) obtaining and/or maintaining higher aerobic endurance and muscular strength, and (2) training focused on preventing fall-related injuries during PT, road marching and sports/recreational activities. Moreover, prevention strategies and education should further target younger soldiers (≤35 years old), as younger age is not modifiable.

scholarly journals METS-IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is associated with the urinary albumin–creatinine ratio in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional REACTION study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanlu Su ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Songyan Yu ◽  
Kang Chen ◽  
Wenhua Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio

Abstract BackgroundThe metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) is a novel noninsulin-based metabolic index used as a substitution marker of insulin resistance. However, whether METS-IR is associated with the urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR) is not well known. Therefore, we explored the associations between METS-IR and UACR and compared the discriminative ability of METS-IR and its components for elevated UACR. MethodsThis study included 37,290 subjects. METS-IR was calculated as follows: (Ln [2 × fasting blood glucose (FBG) + fasting triglyceride level (TG 0 )] × body mass index (BMI))/[Ln (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C))]. Participants were divided into four groups on the basis of METS-IR: <25%, 25%–49%, 50%–74%, and ≥75%. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between METS-IR vs. its components (FBG, TG 0 , BMI, and HDL-C) with UACR. ResultsParticipants with the highest quartile METS-IR presented a more significant trend towards elevated UACR than towards its components (odds ratio [OR]: 1.260, 95% CI: 1.152–1.378, P < 0.001 in all subjects; OR: 1.321, 95% CI: 1.104–1.579, P = 0.002 in men; OR: 1.201, 95% CI: 1.083–1.330, P < 0.001 in women). There were significant associations between METS-IR and UACR in younger participants (<65 years for women and 55–64 years for men). Increased METS-IR was significantly associated with UACR in men with FBG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or postprandial blood glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L and systolic blood pressure ≥ 120 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg. The relationships were significant in women with diabetes and hypertension.ConclusionsIncreased METS-IR was significantly associated with elevated UACR, and its discriminative power for elevated UACR was superior to that of its components. This findings support the clinical significance of METS-IR for evaluating renal function damage.

scholarly journals Serum high sensitivity C reactive protein levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Harishchandra R. Chaudhari ◽  
Gaurav A. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major visual morbidities associated with diabetes. This study determined the levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with DR and to correlate the estimated levels of serum hs-CRP with the severity of DR and other coexisting factors.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between March 2009 and August 2010 and included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without DR. A detailed fundus evaluation was performed using direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. The retinopathies were observed and documented in accordance with the Kanski's system of classification as background DR (BDR), pre-proliferative DR (PPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). Laboratory investigations determined the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), glycosylated hemoglobin, urine albumin excretion, and serum hs-CRP levels.Results: In total, 80 patients with T2DM were included (DR group, n=40 [BDR, n=22; PDR, n=11; PPDR, n=7]; control group, n=40). Highest serum hs-CRP levels were found in PDR group (6.68 mg/L), followed by PPDR and BDR group (3.2 mg/L and 1.56 mg/L, respectively). The PDR group showed the longest duration of diabetes (16 years), highest FBG (221.8 mg/dL) and HbA1c (6.68 mg/L). The incidence of albuminuria and maculopathy was higher in PDR group (72.7% and 54.54%, respectively). A significant association of hs-CRP levels with DR in patients with T2DM was observed. A significantly (<0.005) positive correlation of hs-CRP was also observed with age, duration of disease, FBG, PPBG, and HbA1c.Conclusions: Patients with severe grades of retinopathy had significantly higher hs-CRP levels than patients with the milder grades.

scholarly journals The Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in a Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Qingmin Sun ◽  
Yali Jing ◽  
Bingjie Zhang ◽  
Tianwei Gu ◽  
Ran Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Lh

Aims. Epidemiological data on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Chinese population is still rather scarce, and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy are inconsistent because of study designs, grading standards, and population samples. Materials and Methods. This hospital-based retrospective study included 1052 type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed by nonmydriatic fundus photography and/or fundus examination apparatus. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk of diabetic retinopathy. Results. A total of 352 (33.5% prevalence) subjects were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy based on our population. The patients in the DR group not only had significantly higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), urinary microalbumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), and systolic blood pressure but also had higher follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels compared to those in the non-DR group. Moreover, we confirmed that diabetes duration and HbA1c are strongly associated with DR risk. We also found that serum LH was an independent risk factor in male diabetic retinopathy patients ( OR = 1.086 , 95% CI 1.024–1.152), and the levels of LH were significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy prevalence ( P = 0.018 ). Conclusions. Our study strengthens the argument that diabetes duration and HbA1c are risk factors for patients with DR. Additionally; we firstly confirmed that serum LH was an independent risk factor in male diabetic retinopathy patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of chronic renal insufficiency in the Chinese population: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Xu ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Dongling Li ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Kechuan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Chronic Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide, and it has become a global health issue with a high economic burden. Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), the most severe form of CKD, is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, premature mortality, and decreased quality of life. However, epidemiological information on Chinese patients with CRI is still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and epidemiological features of CRI in China. Methods: A total of 395,541 individuals aged ≥ 18 years residing in Binhai county, China were enrolled. e estimated the prevalence of CRI adjusting for age and sex. Associations of age, sex, blood pressure, body mass index, heart rate, and fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels with CRI were examined. Odds ratios were calculated using a binary logistic regression model. Data were obtained from the records of universal health examinations of Binhai county residents conducted from January to December 2018. Results: The overall adjusted prevalence of CRI was 1.10% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07%-1.13%) in this Chinese adult population. The prevalence was 0.86% among men (95% CI, 0.82%-0.90%) and 1.34% among women (95% CI, 1.29%-1.39%). Female sex, age (per 10-year increase), central obesity, triglyceride levels (per 118-mg/dl increase), systolic blood pressure (per 10-mmHg increase), heart rate (per 10-beats/min increase) and fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl were found to be independent risk factors for CRI. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of CRI in Chinese adults was 1.10%. Age, female sex, central obesity, higher triglycerides, SBP, heart rate and elevated fasting glucose levels were all independent risk factors associated with decreased eGFR. Health policies to prevent CRI are urgent among this population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Albuminuria in Cardiology and Endocrinology Departments and Its Influencing Factors: A Multicenter, Real-World Evidence Study in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ren ◽  
Changsheng Ma ◽  
Jiguang Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Guo ◽  
Linong Ji
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Immunochemical Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Concomitant Hypertension

Aims. To evaluate the prevalence of albuminuria and compare its risk factors in diabetic and hypertensive patients. Methods. This was an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter registry across China. Consecutive patients were registered with the Cardiology and Endocrine departments in 40 centers. Clinical characteristics were collected, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was measured using the immunochemical method. Results. Of the 2510 patients enrolled in the study, 1515 underwent UACR testing and were included in the present analysis. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 13.0% and 16.1% while that of macroalbuminuria was 2.5% and 5.0%, in the Cardiology and Endocrinology departments, respectively. HbA1c and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were independent risk factors for albuminuria. The relationship of blood pressure (BP) and HbA1c with albuminuria was continuous and graded. Compared with the reference level of SBP 130–139 mm Hg, an SBP level of <130 mmHg was significantly associated with a lower risk of albuminuria in all subjects (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.40–0.89; P<0.001) and in subjects with concomitant hypertension and diabetes (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.25–0.92; P<0.001). Conclusions. In China, nearly one-fifth of patients in the Cardiology and Endocrinology departments have albuminuria although ACEI/ARB were widely used. More effective therapy is needed in this population.

scholarly journals Association of serum uric acid, morning home blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in a population with previous prehypertension: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e038046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Aziza Bawazier ◽  
Mochammad Sja'bani ◽  
Fredie Irijanto ◽  
Zulaela Zulaela ◽  
Agus Widiatmoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo observe the changes in blood pressure (BP) over 10 years and to investigate current BP association to serum uric acid (SUA) levels and cardiovascular risk factors in the epidemiological data of a target group of patients with prehypertension in 2007.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingMlati Subdistrict, Sleman District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.ParticipantsA total of 733 patients from ‘Mlati Study Database’ in 2007 were selected by simple random sampling using statistical software. Subjects had both physical and laboratory examinations.Outcome measuresMorning home BP and laboratory examination of urine (uric acid excretion and creatinine) and blood samples (SUA, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, a lipid profile and fasting blood glucose levels).ResultsAbout 31.1% of 733 subjects with prehypertension became hypertensive after 10 years, 24.6% returned to normal tension and the rest of it remained in prehypertensive state. Mean (SD) of SUA levels in 2017 was significantly higher in men than in women (5.78 (1.25) mg/dL vs 4.52 (1.10) mg/dL, p<0.001). Furthermore, men tended to have high-normal (5–7 mg/dL) or high SUA levels (≥7 mg/dL) compared with women (p<0.001, Relative Risk (RR)=2.60). High-normal and high SUA levels in population with a history of prehypertension were significantly associated with current prehypertension and hypertension only in women (p=0.001, RR=1.21). Age and body mass index was found to be significantly associated with both systolic and diastolic BP in men, but only with systolic BP in women. Fasting blood glucose and SUA levels were significantly associated with systolic and diastolic BP only in women.ConclusionWe concluded that after 10 years, of 733 subjects with prehypertension, 31.1% became hypertensive. The SUA levels in men are significantly higher than those in women. Moreover, high-normal and high SUA levels were significantly associated with prehypertension and hypertension in women but not in men.

scholarly journals Study on the Independent Effect of Thyroid Hormone Based on Uric Acid Level on NAFLD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
guanqun chao ◽  
Liying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Objective:This study aims to further explain the correlation among NAFLD, hyperuricemia and thyroid function and to find independent risk factors for each other.Methods:Datas were obtained from subjects who underwent health examination in the Health promotion centre of Sir Run Run Shaw hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2017 to February 2019.The diagnosis of NAFLD was according to the clinical diagnosis of the Guidelines.Serum uric acid (SUA) >360 mol/L (female) and SUA>420 mol/L (male) were enrolled in the hyperuricemia group.R software was used for statistical analysis.Results:55,449 subjects were included in the analysis.Gender ratio, age, BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, glutamate transaminase, glutamate transaminase, urea nitrogen, creatinine, FT3, FT4 and TSH were significantly different between the two groups.age, BMI, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, rapid blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, AST, and uric acid were all independent risk factors for NAFLD.In the normal uric acid group, variables other than systolic blood pressure and TSH were independent factors of NAFLD.In the hyperuricemia group, all variables except systolic blood pressure, FT4 and TSH were independent factors of NAFLD.Conclusion:The level of uric acid is related to the occurrence of NAFLD. Hyperuricemia is one of the independent risk factors of NAFLD.TSH level is not related to the occurrence of NAFLD, while FT3 and FT4 may be related to NAFLD.

scholarly journals High-intensity activity is more strongly associated with metabolic health in children compared to sedentary time: a cross-sectional study of the I.Family cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan Fridolfsson ◽  
Christoph Buck ◽  
Monica Hunsberger ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Fabio Lauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) during childhood is important for preventing future metabolic syndrome (MetS). To examine the relationship between PA and MetS in more detail, accurate measures of PA are needed. Previous studies have only utilized a small part of the information available from accelerometer measured PA. This study investigated the association between measured PA and MetS in children with a new method for data processing and analyses that enable more detailed interpretation of PA intensity level. Methods The association between PA pattern and risk factors related to MetS was investigated in a cross- sectional sample of children (n = 2592, mean age 10.9 years, 49.4% male) participating in the European multicenter I. Family study. The risk factors examined include body mass index, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance and a combined risk factor score (MetS score). PA was measured by triaxial accelerometers and raw data was processed using the 10 Hz frequency extended method (FEM). The PA output was divided into an intensity spectrum and the association with MetS risk factors was analyzed by partial least squares regression. Results PA patterns differed between the European countries investigated, with Swedish children being most active and Italian children least active. Moderate intensity physical activity was associated with lower insulin resistance (R2 = 2.8%), while vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (R2 = 3.6%), MetS score (R2 = 3.1%) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (R2 = 2.3%). PA of all intensities was associated with lower systolic- and diastolic blood pressure, although the associations were weaker than for the other risk factors (R2 = 1.5% and R2 = 1.4%). However, the multivariate analysis implies that the entire PA pattern must be considered. The main difference in PA was observed between normal weight and overweight children. Conclusions The present study suggests a greater importance of more PA corresponding to an intensity of at least brisk walking with inclusion of high-intense exercise, rather than a limited time spent sedentary, in the association to metabolic health in children. The methods of data processing and statistical analysis enabled accurate analysis and interpretation of the health benefits of high intensity PA that have not been shown previously.

scholarly journals Serum alanine aminotransferase activity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Caucasian population: the Tromsø study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Ivar Bekkelund
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase

Abstract Background High and low levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are both associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risks especially in elderly, but the mechanisms are less known. This study investigated associations between ALT and CVD risk factors including effects of sex and age in a Caucasian population. Methods Cross-sectional data were analysed sex-stratified in 2555 men (mean age 60.4 years) and 2858 women (mean age 60.0 years) from the population study Tromsø 6. Associations were assessed by variance analysis and multivariable logistic regression of odds to have abnormal ALT. Risk factors included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip-ratio, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, glycated haemoglobin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP). Results Abnormal elevated ALT was detected in 113 men (4.4%) and 188 women (6.6%). Most CVD risk factors associated positively with ALT in both sexes except systolic blood pressure and CRP (women only), while ALT was positively associated with age in men when adjusted for CVD risk factors, P < 0.001. BMI predicted ALT in men (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.88–1.00, P = 0.047) and women (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86–0.95, P < 0.001). A linear inversed association between age and ALT in men and a non-linear inversed U-trend in women with maximum level between 60 and 64 years were found. Conclusion This study confirms a positive relationship between ALT and CVD risk factors, particularly BMI. Age is not a major confounder in the ALT-CVD relationship, but separate sex-analyses is recommended in such studies.

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