Sickness leave, administrative category and gender: results from the "Casa Gran' project

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (59_suppl) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Moncada ◽  
Albert Navarro ◽  
Imma Cortès ◽  
Emilia Molinero ◽  
Lucía Artazcoz
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
City Council ◽  
Unskilled Worker ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rate Ratios

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the variations of sickness leave rates among the Barcelona city council civil servants by administrative category and gender Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort including all people who worked for more than six months for the City Council of Barcelona from 1 January 1984 to 31 December 1993. The cohort was composed of 11,647 men and 9,001 women who contribute to a total of 134,928.7 person/years of follow-up. The study population was classified into administrative categories. Sickness leaves were classified into short episodes (less than 11 days) and long episodes (more than 10 days). Age-specifi c rates of long and short episodes of sickness leave were computed in a gender-specifi c analysis. Results : Among men, rate ratios of long spells increased constantly from the middle technician category to the unskilled worker category for the three oldest age groups. This social pattern was not as clear for younger workers. Among women, rate ratios of long spells showed far fewer differences than among men. The social gradient was evident for the three youngest age groups, with the exception of the unskilled workers. The oldest age group showed similar differences between all categories. Short spells followed a different pattern for men and women. Conclusions: Women had generally higher rates than men did, and manual categories had higher rates than non-manual ones, which was more evident for men and long episodes. The relationship between incidence rates and gender could be due to the different contents of the jobs performed by men and women, the infl uence of gender-based work segregation, and the unequal share of the reproductive workload between men and women, information which was not available for this study.

scholarly journals Age and gender based prevalence of obesity in residents of Punjab, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satinderjit Singh ◽  
Ravjit Kaur Sabharwal ◽  
Jagminder Kaur Bajaj ◽  
Indira R. Samal ◽  
Megha Sood
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Background: Obesity is recognized as a chronic disease, associated with a variety of metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological complications. Prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, more so in the developing countries. It is affecting both sexes and all age groups. Body mass index BMI along with presence and severity of obesity associated complications are used to identify, successively increasing stages of obesity. The present study aims to study prevalence of overweight, obesity (stage 0,1,2) and morbid obesity in adult residents of Punjab state in an effort to determine burden of this lifestyle disorder in different age groups and sexes, so that a comprehensive action plan can be designed to target appropriate group with specific preventive measures .Methods: 1000 subjects were surveyed and labelled as non-obese, overweight, obese or morbid obese based on their BMI, presence and severity of obesity related complications. Point prevalence amongst different age groups of both sexes were determined and compared.Results: In study population 41.5% subjects were non-obese, 15.9% were overweight, 29.4% were obese and 13.2% were morbidly obese. The prevalence of all the 3 conditions (overweight, obesity and morbid obesity) increased with increasing age in both sexes. The prevalence was more among females of all age groups than males for ‘overweight’ and ‘obesity’. But gender based difference narrowed down with increasing severity of disease, such that female to male ratio reversed (<1) for morbid obesity. Moreover, peak prevalence of overweight and obesity were attained little later in females as compared to males. However, for morbid obesity peak prevalence is seen in same age group (40-49 years) in both sexes.Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are more prevalent among females of all age groups than males with peak prevalence achieved little later in females as compared to males. However, gender based differences in prevalence decreased as severity increased and morbid obesity was more prevalent among males than females.

Abstract 145: Is the Rate of Ischemic Stroke Incidence Changing Differentially Over Time for Women and Men?

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane C Khoury ◽  
Brett Kissela ◽  
Heidi Sucharew ◽  
Kathleen Alwell ◽  
Charles Moomaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Stroke Prevalence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Over Time

Background: A surge of midlife (age 55-64 years) stroke in women, and not in men, has previously been reported using prevalence data from NHANES. However it is not clear if this same finding would be seen within age- and gender-specific incidence rates of stroke. We sought to examine the incidence of ischemic (IS) stroke and the gender-specific trends over time in a population-based study of stroke epidemiology. Methods: Data from the population-based Greater Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky epidemiology of stroke study for adults (≥ 20 years) was used from three collection periods; 7/1993 to 6/1994, 1999, and 2005. We compared the IS stroke incidence rates in women versus men between the three study periods, in particular for the ages 35 to 65 years. Sex specific age, and race adjusted incidence rates and race adjusted, age and gender specific incidence rates were estimated and adjusted to the 2000 US population. Results: A total of 5166 incident IS strokes were identified: 1709 from 7/1993 to 6/1994, 1778 from 1999, and 1679 from 2005. These were 56% female, 18% black; mean age was 71.4 (13.7) years. Overall, IS stroke incidence declined in both women and men in 2005 compared to the previous time periods (p<0.01). However, there was a significant increase over time in stroke incidence seen in both men and women in the younger age groups in 2005, compared with 1993/94 (p<0.05). Conclusions: We found that stroke incidence is not changing differently over time for men and women. There has been an increase in IS stroke incidence in the young, but this is found in both men and women. The previously reported “surge” in middle-aged stroke prevalence may be related in part to increased rates of stroke in the young, with survival to middle-age, but our incidence findings do not explain the reported difference in prevalence found between women and men in the NHANES cohort.

Abstract P259: Smoking Increases Risks of Death and Stroke in Both Men and Women. Absolute Risk Difference of Stroke is Likely to be Larger in Women

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Ohsawa ◽  
Kuniaki Ogasawara ◽  
Shinichi Omama ◽  
Kozo Tanno ◽  
Kazuyoshi Itai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background: Smoking is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, however, to what extent smoking increases excessive deaths and strokes in a general population has not been sufficiently examined especially in women. Methods: A total of 10,382 female and male participants aged 65 years or older were divided into two groups according to smoking status (current smoker; never smoker). Past smokers were excluded. Main outcomes were all-cause death and incident stroke. Age-adjusted mortality and incidence rates were estimated in the groups using Poisson’s regression analysis. Age-adjusted rate ratios (RR) and excess events (EE per 1000 person-years) attributable to smoking were determined using the rate in never smokers as a reference. Results: There were 1410 deaths and 735 strokes during the 9.0-year observation period (90,099 person-years). Smoking contributed to a 2.3-fold higher risk of death in women and 1.8-fold higher risk in men. It contributed to 12 excess deaths per 1000 person-years in both men and women. The rate ratio and excessive events of stroke were likely to be higher in women than those in men (RR: 2.6 vs. 1.6; EE: 9.3 vs 5.0, see table). Conclusion: Smoking significantly increases risks of death and stroke not only in men but also in women. Absolute risk difference of stroke attributable to smoking is likely to be larger in women than in men.

scholarly journals Women and Concussion

Concussion ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Brian Hainline ◽  
Lindsey J. Gurin ◽  
Daniel M. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Ice Hockey ◽  
American Football ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Most of the concussion literature is devoted to concussion and men, and this literature focuses primarily on American football and ice hockey. Yet women appear to be more prone to sport-related concussion than men, and may manifest with more concussion-like symptoms both at both baseline and post-concussion. There may be both endocrinologic and biomechanical reasons why women’s concussive symptoms are different from men’s, but this remains incompletely understood. There may also be sex-based and gender-based differences in how men and women experience and describe concussion. It is important to understand these distinctions when managing concussion in women.

scholarly journals Does type 2 diabetes confer higher relative rates of cardiovascular events in women compared with men?

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (13) ◽  
pp. 1346-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Malmborg ◽  
Michelle D S Schmiegelow ◽  
Caroline H Nørgaard ◽  
Anders Munch ◽  
Thomas Gerds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Aims To investigate whether diabetes confers higher relative rates of cardiovascular events in women compared with men using contemporary data, and whether these sex-differences depend on age. Methods and results All Danish residents aged 40–89 years without a history major adverse cardiovascular events, including heart failure, as of 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2016 were categorized by diabetes-status and characterized by individual-level linkage of Danish nationwide administrative registers. We used Poisson regression to calculate overall and age-dependent incidence rates, incidence rate ratios, and women-to-men ratios for myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischaemic stroke, or cardiovascular death (MACE-HF). Among 218 549 (46% women) individuals with diabetes, the absolute rate of MACE-HF was higher in men than in women (24.9 vs. 19.9 per 1000 person-years). Corresponding absolute rates in men and women without diabetes were 10.1 vs. 7.0 per 1000 person-years. Comparing individuals with and without diabetes, women had higher relative rates of MACE-HF than men [2.8 (confidence interval, CI 2.9–2.9) in women vs. 2.5 (CI 2.4–2.5) in men] with a women-to-men ratio of 1.15 (CI 1.11–1.19, P &lt; 0.001). The relative rates of MACE-HF were highest in the youngest and decreased with advancing age for both men and women, but the relative rates were higher in women across all ages, with the highest women-to-men ratio between age 50 and 60 years. Conclusion Although men have higher absolute rates of cardiovascular complications, the relative rates of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes are higher in women than in men across all ages in the modern era.

scholarly journals The distribution of refraction by age and gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6–12 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Zhang ◽  
Yonglin Zhou ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Near Work

Abstract Background The Prevalence of myopia is increasing in China. This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, body mass index (BMI), gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6 to 12 years. Methods A total of 6362 students were recruited for ophthalmological investigation. Demographic and myopia related behavioral information was collected. SE value was measured by the Topcon RM-8900 or KR-800autorefractors. Potential independent risk factors were determined with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) by logistic regression analysis. We further constructed the nomogram model to predict future onset of myopia. Results Among the study population, 3900 (61.3%) were non-myopic. The prevalence of myopia is 38.0% for boys and 39.5% for girls. The average SE values were 0.50 ± 0.70 D for boys and 0.60 ± 0.80 D for girls. The mean SE values decreased with age, and the value of height and BMI took on a stable trend. Threshold values for myopia varied across age groups and gender. Paternal myopia (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01–1.48), near-work activities on weekends (2.56, 1.17–5.61), and outdoor activities (0.68, 0.54–0.86) were associated with potential myopic in students. Conclusion A series of age-gender based SE threshold values were established to predict myopia in Chinese children aged 6 to 12 years. High risk factors for myopia included paternal myopia, near-work activities on weekends, and outdoor activities. Countermeasures are encouraged to reverse the increasing trend of myopia in children.

scholarly journals Changes in Socioeconomic Differences in Hospital Days With Age: Cumulative Disadvantage, Age-as-Leveler, or Both?

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoyue Hu ◽  
Taina Leinonen ◽  
Mikko Myrskylä ◽  
Pekka Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Hospital Days

Abstract Objectives Length of hospital stay is inversely associated with socioeconomic status (SES). It is less clear whether socioeconomic disparities in numbers of hospital days diverge or converge with age. Method Longitudinal linked Finnish registry data (1988–2007) from 137,653 men and women aged 50–79 years at the end of 1987 were used. Trajectories of annual total hospital days by education, household income, and occupational class were estimated using negative binomial models. Results Men and women with higher education, household income, and occupational class had fewer hospital days in 1988 than those with lower SES. Hospital days increased between 1988 and 2007. For some age groups, higher SES was associated with a faster annual rate of increase, resulting in narrowing rate ratios of hospital days between SES groups (relative differences); the rate ratios remained stable for other groups. Absolute SES differences in numbers of hospital days appeared to diverge with age among those aged 50–69 years at baseline, but converge among those aged 70–79 years at baseline. Discussion The hypotheses that socioeconomic disparities in health diverge or converge with age may not be mutually exclusive; we demonstrated convergence/maintenance in relative differences for all age groups, but divergence or convergence in absolute differences depending on age.

scholarly journals Differences in drinking patterns between men and women in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia C Wolle ◽  
Marcos Sanches ◽  
Monica L Zilberman ◽  
Raul Caetano ◽  
Marcos Zaleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender

OBJECTIVE: To examine sex differences in alcohol consumption according to age groups, and to assess gender and age effects on several aspects of alcohol consumption patterns. METHOD: Based on a Brazilian nationwide representative sample (n = 3,007), we analysed the differences in drinking patterns between genders. We also assessed the effects of gender, age, and gender by age interaction for alcohol consumption dimensions (frequent drinking, usual intake, binge drinking, and frequent binge drinking), using logistic and negative binomial regression models. RESULTS: Gender, age, and gender by age interaction had significant effects on the predictive models for all studied drinking patterns, except for the 'usual' dosage. The effect of gender on drinking patterns varies with age. While gender has a greater effect in older age groups, the difference between men and women decreased in the younger age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Gender convergence regarding alcohol use is a trend that might be influenced by environmental factors and should be addressed in prevention and treatment programs, as well as in public health policies.

Time trends in incidence, comorbidity, and mortality of ischemic stroke in Denmark (1996–2016)

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (17) ◽  
pp. e2343-e2353
Author(s):  
Adelina Yafasova ◽  
Emil Loldrup Fosbøl ◽  
Mia Nielsen Christiansen ◽  
Naja Emborg Vinding ◽  
Charlotte Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
First Time

ObjectiveTo examine whether the incidence, comorbidity, and mortality of first-time ischemic stroke changed in Denmark between 1996 and 2016 overall and according to age and sex using a nationwide cohort design.MethodsIn this cohort study, 224,617 individuals ≥18 years of age admitted with first-time ischemic stroke between 1996 and 2016 were identified through Danish nationwide registries. We calculated annual age-standardized incidence rates and absolute 30-day and 1-year mortality risks. Furthermore, we calculated annual incidence rate ratios using Poisson regression, odds ratios for 30-day mortality using logistic regression, and hazard ratios for 1-year mortality using Cox regression.ResultsThe overall age-standardized incidence rates of ischemic stroke per 1,000 person-years increased from 1996 (2.70 [95% confidence interval [CI] 2.65–2.76]) to 2002 (3.25 [95% CI 3.20–3.31]) and then gradually decreased to below the initial level until 2016 (1.99 [95% CI 1.95–2.02]). Men had higher incidence rates than women in all age groups except 18 to 34 and ≥85 years. Absolute mortality risk decreased between 1996 and 2016 (30-day mortality from 17.1% to 7.6% and 1-year mortality from 30.9% to 17.3%). Women between 55 and 64 and ≥85 years of age had higher mortality than men. Similar trends were observed for all analyses after multivariable adjustment. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and use of lipid-lowering medication increased during the study period.ConclusionsThe age-standardized incidence of first-time hospitalization for ischemic stroke increased from 1996 to 2002 and then gradually decreased to below the initial level until 2016. Absolute 30-day and 1-year mortality risks decreased between 1996 and 2016. These findings correspond to increased stroke prevention awareness and introduction of new treatments during the study period.

scholarly journals Femoral Component Sizing in Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Replacement: Existing Guidelines Do Not Work for Indian Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Rajesh Malhotra ◽  
Sahil Gaba ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Deep Srivastava ◽  
Hemant Pandit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Component ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Unicompartmental Knee Replacement ◽  
Component Size ◽  
Component Sizing ◽  
Indian Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractOxford unicompartmental knee replacement (OUKR) has shown excellent long-term clinical outcomes as well as implant survival when used for correct indications with optimal surgical technique. Anteromedial osteoarthritis is highly prevalent in Indian patients, and OUKR is the ideal treatment option in such cases. Uncertainty prevails about the best method to determine femoral component size in OUKR. Preoperative templating has been shown to be inaccurate, while height- and gender-based guidelines based on European population might not apply to the Indian patients. Microplasty instrumentation introduced in 2012 introduced the sizing spoon, which has the dual function of femoral component sizing and determining the level of tibia cut. We aimed to check the accuracy of sizing spoon and also to determine whether the present guidelines are appropriate for use in the Indian patients. A total of 130 consecutive Oxford mobile bearing medial cemented UKR performed using the Microplasty instrumentation were included. The ideal femoral component size for each knee was recorded by looking for overhang and underhang in post-operative lateral knee radiograph. The accuracy of previous guidelines was determined by applying them to our study population. Previously published guidelines (which were based on Western population) proved to be accurate in only 37% of cases. Hence, based on the demographics of our study population, we formulated modified height- and gender-based guidelines, which would better suit the Indian population. Accuracy of modified guidelines was estimated to be 74%. The overall accuracy of sizing spoon (75%), when used as an intraoperative guide, was similar to that of modified guidelines. Existing guidelines for femoral component sizing do not work in Indian patients. Modified guidelines and use of intraoperative spoon should be used to choose the optimal implant size while performing OUKR in Indian patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document