scholarly journals Gender, marital and educational inequalities in mid- to late-life depressive symptoms: cross-cohort variation and moderation by urbanicity degree

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214241
Author(s):  
Milagros A Ruiz ◽  
Marielle A Beenackers ◽  
Dany Doiron ◽  
Asli Gurer ◽  
Aliou Sarr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depressed Affect ◽  
Probable Depression

BackgroundAlthough ageing populations are increasingly residing in cities, it is unknown whether depression inequalities are moderated by urbanicity degree. We estimated gender, marital and educational inequalities in depressive symptoms among older European and Canadian adults, and examined whether higher levels of urbanicity, captured by population density, heightened these inequalities.MethodsHarmonised cross-sectional data on 97 826 adults aged ≥50 years from eight cohorts were used. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated for probable depression, depressed affect and depressive symptom severity by gender, marital status and education within each cohort, and combined using random-effects meta-analysis. Using a subsample of 73 123 adults from six cohorts with available data on population density, we tested moderating effects measured by the number of residents per square kilometre.ResultsThe pooled PRs for probable depression by female gender, unmarried or non-cohabitating status and low education were 1.48 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.72), 1.44 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.61) and 1.29 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.41), respectively. PRs for depressed affect and high symptom severity were broadly similar. Except for one Dutch cohort with findings in an unexpected direction, there was no evidence that population density modified depressive symptom inequalities.ConclusionsDespite cross-cohort variation in gender, marital status and educational inequalities in depressive symptoms, there was weak evidence that these inequalities differed by levels of population density.

scholarly journals Absenteeism and associated labour costs according to depressive symptom severity in the German general population: why preventive strategies matter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Eßl-Maurer ◽  
Maria Flamm ◽  
Katharina Hösl ◽  
Jürgen Osterbrink ◽  
Antje van der Zee-Neuen
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity

Abstract Purpose Depression is a highly prevalent mental health condition with substantial individual, societal and economic consequences. This study focussed on the association of depressive symptom severity with absenteeism duration and employer labour costs. Methods Using cross-sectional data from the German Health Update 2014/2015, multivariable zero-inflated Poisson regression (ZIP) models explored the association of depressive symptom severity (8-item depression patient health questionnaire—PHQ-8), with absenteeism weeks during 12 months in men and women working full- or part-time. The predicted sick leave weeks were multiplied by mean average labour costs. Results The sample consisted of 12,405 persons with an average sick leave of 1.89 weeks (SD 4.26). Fifty-four % were women and 57% were between 40 and 59 years of age. In men and women, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depressive symptoms were associated with a significant factor increase in sick leave weeks compared to persons with no or minimal symptoms. Labour costs increased with increasing symptom severity from € 1468.22 for men with no or minimal depressive symptoms to € 7190.25 for men with severe depressive symptoms and from € 1045.82 to € 4306.30 in women, respectively. Conclusion The present results indicate that increasing depressive symptom severity is associated with increasing absenteeism and employer costs. They emphasize the need for implementation, realignment or extension of professional work-site health promotion programmes aiming at the improvement and maintenance of employee health and the reduction of labour costs associated with depression-related sick leave.

scholarly journals Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus by depressive symptom severity: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2011–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002268
Author(s):  
Jaewon Lee ◽  
Kyae Hyung Kim ◽  
Joseph C Ahn ◽  
Jihoon Andrew Kim ◽  
Gyeongsil Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Control Of Diabetes ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
And Control

IntroductionDespite extensive studies on the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression, the associations of depressive symptom severity with prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes remain unclear. We aimed to investigate changes in these outcomes of diabetes as depressive symptoms aggravate.Research design and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 14 328 participants in the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were classified into depressive symptom groups of none, mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depending on their Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted in three models adjusted for expanding confounders to evaluate the associations between severity of depressive symptoms and prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of DM.ResultsAs depressive symptom severity worsened, both prevalence and awareness of DM increased regardless of models (p value for trend <0.01 in all models for prevalence and awareness; adjusted OR (aOR) 2.14, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.56 for prevalence in the severe group, model 1; aOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.27 to 4.64 for awareness in the moderately severe group, model 1). Notwithstanding higher awareness of diabetes in the moderately severe and severe groups (84.5% and 86.2%, respectively, vs 71.3% in the none group), these groups were treated less (aOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.55 in the severe group, model 3) or inadequately controlled (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.98 in the moderately severe group, model 3).ConclusionsThe gap between patients’ higher awareness and lower treatment rate or control of diabetes among individuals with severe depressive symptoms highlights the unmet needs for postdiagnostic multidisciplinary care for patients with comorbid depression and DM.

scholarly journals The contribution of depressive ‘disorder characteristics’ to determinations of prognosis for adults with depression: an individual patient data meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Joshua E. J. Buckman ◽  
Rob Saunders ◽  
Zachary D. Cohen ◽  
Phoebe Barnett ◽  
Katherine Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Individual Patient Data ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate general factors associated with prognosis regardless of the type of treatment received, for adults with depression in primary care. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central (inception to 12/01/2020) for RCTs that included the most commonly used comprehensive measure of depressive and anxiety disorder symptoms and diagnoses, in primary care depression RCTs (the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule: CIS-R). Two-stage random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Results Twelve (n = 6024) of thirteen eligible studies (n = 6175) provided individual patient data. There was a 31% (95%CI: 25 to 37) difference in depressive symptoms at 3–4 months per standard deviation increase in baseline depressive symptoms. Four additional factors: the duration of anxiety; duration of depression; comorbid panic disorder; and a history of antidepressant treatment were also independently associated with poorer prognosis. There was evidence that the difference in prognosis when these factors were combined could be of clinical importance. Adding these variables improved the amount of variance explained in 3–4 month depressive symptoms from 16% using depressive symptom severity alone to 27%. Risk of bias (assessed with QUIPS) was low in all studies and quality (assessed with GRADE) was high. Sensitivity analyses did not alter our conclusions. Conclusions When adults seek treatment for depression clinicians should routinely assess for the duration of anxiety, duration of depression, comorbid panic disorder, and a history of antidepressant treatment alongside depressive symptom severity. This could provide clinicians and patients with useful and desired information to elucidate prognosis and aid the clinical management of depression.

A randomized trial of aerobic exercise for major depression: examining neural indicators of reward and cognitive control as predictors and treatment targets

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Brush ◽  
Greg Hajcak ◽  
Anthony J. Bocchine ◽  
Andrew A. Ude ◽  
Kristina M. Muniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Symptom Reduction ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background Aerobic exercise has demonstrated antidepressant efficacy among adults with major depression. There is a poor understanding of the neural mechanisms associated with these effects. Deficits in reward processing and cognitive control may be two candidate targets and predictors of treatment outcome to exercise in depression. Methods Sixty-six young adults aged 20.23 years (s.d. = 2.39) with major depression were randomized to 8 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 35) or light stretching (n = 31). Depressive symptoms were assessed across the intervention to track symptom reduction. Reward processing [reward positivity (RewP)] and cognitive control [error-related negativity (ERN)] were assessed before and after the intervention using event-related brain potentials. Results Compared to stretching, aerobic exercise resulted in greater symptom reduction (gs = 0.66). Aerobic exercise had no impact on the RewP (gav = 0.08) or ERN (gav = 0.21). In the aerobic exercise group, individuals with a larger pre-treatment RewP [odds ratio (OR) = 1.45] and increased baseline depressive symptom severity (OR = 1.18) were more likely to respond to an aerobic exercise program. Pre-treatment ERN did not predict response (OR = 0.74). Conclusions Aerobic exercise is effective in alleviating depressive symptoms in adults with major depression, particularly for those with increased depressive symptom severity and a larger RewP at baseline. Although aerobic exercise did not modify the RewP or ERN, there is preliminary support for the utility of the RewP in predicting who is most likely to respond to exercise as a treatment for depression.

Back pain and depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 009121742091300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohrab Amiri ◽  
Sepideh Behnezhad ◽  
Esfandiar Azad
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention

Background Low back pain is a common disorder that has many consequences. This study is an attempt to meta-analyze the risk of depression symptoms in back pain. Method Four databases were selected for review, and this search was conducted using key words. Eleven eligible articles were selected for review and meta-analysis was conducted. Subgroup analyses were continued with study design and the method of measuring depression. Also, the heterogeneity and publication bias were examined. Results Eleven cohort and cross-sectional articles are used in the meta-analysis between back pain and depressive symptoms. The odds ratio 2.07 was calculated for this relationship. In prospective-cohort studies, 1.71 (95% confidence interval = 1.24–2.36) results indicated that back pain is a risk factor for depression symptoms and in cross-sectional studies, pooled odds ratio (2.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.29–4.21) showed that back pain is associated with depression symptoms. Some degree of publication bias was not found in the study. Conclusions Back pain is an effective factor in increasing the likelihood of depression. Adoption of effective prevention and treatment approaches can play an important role in reducing the psychological consequences in these individuals.

scholarly journals Magnesium and mood disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Phelan ◽  
Patricio Molero ◽  
Miguel A. Martínez-González ◽  
Marc Molendijk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundMagnesium (Mg2+) has received considerable attention with regards to its potential role in the pathophysiology of the mood disorders, but the available evidence seems inconclusive.AimsTo review and quantitatively summarise the human literature on Mg2+intake and Mg2+blood levels in the mood disorders and the effects of Mg2+supplements on mood.MethodSystematic review and meta-analyses.ResultsAdherence to a Mg2+-rich diet was negatively associated with depression in cross-sectional (odds ratio = 0.66) but not in prospective studies. Mg2+levels in bodily fluids were on average higher in patients with a mood disorder (Hedge'sg = 0.19), but only in patients treated with antidepressants and/or mood stabilisers. There was no evident association between Mg2+levels and symptom severity. Mg2+supplementation was associated with a decline in depressive symptoms in uncontrolled (g = −1.60) but not in placebo-controlled trials (g = −0.21).ConclusionOur results provide little evidence for the involvement of Mg2+in the mood disorders.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Polygenic Risk for Major Depression Interacts with Parental Criticism in Predicting Adolescent Depressive Symptom Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie A. Nelemans ◽  
Marco Boks ◽  
Bochao Lin ◽  
Tineke Oldehinkel ◽  
Pol van Lier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Polygenic Risk

AbstractResearch has focused more and more on the interplay between genetics and environment in predicting different forms of psychopathology, including depressive symptoms. While the polygenic nature of depressive symptoms is increasingly recognized, only few studies have applied a polygenic approach in gene-by-environment interaction (G × E) studies. Furthermore, longitudinal G × E studies on developmental psychopathological properties of depression are scarce. Therefore, this 6-year longitudinal community study examined the interaction between genetic risk for major depression and a multi-informant longitudinal index of critical parenting in relation to depressive symptom development from early to late adolescence. The sample consisted of 327 Dutch adolescents of European descent (56% boys; Mage T1 = 13.00, SDage T1 = 0.44). Polygenic risk for major depression was based on the Hyde et al. (Nature Genetics, 48, 1031–1036, 2016) meta-analysis and genetic sensitivity analyses were based on the 23andMe discovery dataset. Latent Growth Models suggested that polygenic risk score for major depression was associated with higher depressive symptoms across adolescence (significant main effect), particularly for those experiencing elevated levels of critical parenting (significant G × E). These findings highlight how polygenic risk for major depression in combination with a general environmental factor impacts depressive symptom development from early to late adolescence.

scholarly journals Protective effect of sex on chronic stress- and depressive behavior-induced vascular dysfunction in BALB/cJ mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 959-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyla C. Stanley ◽  
Steven D. Brooks ◽  
Joshua T. Butcher ◽  
Alexandre C. d'Audiffret ◽  
Stephanie J. Frisbee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity

The presence of chronic, unresolvable stresses leads to negative health outcomes, including development of clinical depression/depressive disorders, with outcome severity being correlated with depressive symptom severity. One of the major outcomes associated with chronic stress and depression is the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and an elevated CVD risk profile. However, in epidemiological research, sex disparities are evident, with premenopausal women suffering from depressive symptoms more acutely than men, but also demonstrating a relative protection from the onset of CVD. Given this, we investigated the differential effect of sex on conduit artery and resistance arteriolar function in male and female mice following 8 wk of an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol. In males, plasma cortisol and depressive symptom severity (e.g., coat status, anhedonia, delayed grooming) were elevated by UCMS. Endothelium-dependent dilation to methacholine/acetylcholine was impaired in conduit arteries and skeletal muscle arterioles, suggesting a severe loss of nitric oxide bioavailability and increased production of thromboxane A2 vs. prostaglandin I2 associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increased level of systemic inflammation. Endothelium-independent dilation was intact. In females, depressive symptoms and plasma cortisol increases were more severe than in males, although alterations to vascular reactivity were blunted, including the effects of elevated ROS and inflammation on dilator responses. These results suggest that compared with males, female rats are more susceptible to chronic stress in terms of the severity of depressive behaviors, but that the subsequent development of vasculopathy is blunted owing to an improved ability to tolerate elevated ROS and systemic inflammatory stress.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Depressive Symptoms at the End of CRT for Rectal Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Velda J. Gonzalez-Mercado ◽  
Jean Lim ◽  
Leorey N. Saligan ◽  
Nicole Perez ◽  
Carmen Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Functional Pathways

Background. The role of alterations in gut microbiota composition (termed dysbiosis) has been implicated in the pathobiology of depressive symptoms; however, evidence remains limited. This cross-sectional pilot study is aimed at exploring whether depressive symptom scores changed during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy to treat rectal cancer, and if gut microbial taxa abundances and predicted functional pathways correlate with depressive symptoms at the end of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Methods. 40 newly diagnosed rectal cancer patients (ages 28-81; 23 males) were assessed for depressive symptoms using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and provided stool samples for 16S rRNA sequencing. Gut microbiome data were analyzed using QIIME2, and correlations and regression analyses were performed in R. Results. Participants had significantly higher depressive symptoms at the end as compared to before CRT. The relative abundances of Gemella, Bacillales Family XI, Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Weissella, and Leuconostocaceae were positively correlated (Spearman’s rho = 0.42 to 0.32), while Coprobacter, Intestinibacter, Intestimonas, Lachnospiraceae, Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminiclostridium, Ruminococcaceae (UCG-005 and uncultured), Tyzzerella, and Parasutterella (Spearman’s rho = − 0.43   to − 0.31 ) were negatively correlated with HAM-D scores. Of the 14 predicted MetaCyc pathways that correlated with depressive symptom scores at the end of CRT, 11 (79%) were associated with biosynthetic pathways. Conclusions. Significant bacterial taxa and predicted functional pathways correlated with depressive symptoms at the end of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for rectal cancer which warrants further examination and replication of our findings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document