scholarly journals Asthma and indoor environment in Nepal

Thorax ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-481
Author(s):  
T Melsom ◽  
L Brinch ◽  
J O Hessen ◽  
M A Schei ◽  
N Kolstrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
International Study ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
The West ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Asthma And Allergy ◽  
Nepalese Children

BACKGROUNDThe development of asthma seems to be influenced by the adoption of a Western lifestyle. A study was undertaken to assess the importance of indoor environmental factors in Nepal where the lifestyle and home environment differ from that in the West.METHODSThe home environment of 121 schoolchildren with asthma and 126 controls aged 11–17 years was studied. The homes of all participants were investigated and the children and their mothers were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire. Cases and controls were identified from an ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood) based population study of 2330 schoolchildren in Kathmandu, Nepal.RESULTSKeeping cattle inside the house during the night was related to a lower risk for having asthma (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.2 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.5)) while there was no association between asthma and cattle kept outside. Asthma was associated with cigarette smoking by two or more family members (OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.9)) and with the domestic use of smoky fuels (OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 4.5)). In analyses stratified by sex, passive smoking and the use of smoky fuels were significantly associated with asthma only in boys.CONCLUSIONSThe risk of asthma in Nepalese children was lower in subjects exposed to cattle kept inside the house and higher in subjects exposed to passive smoking and indoor use of smoky fuels. Childhood exposure to microorganisms or allergens from cattle may protect against the development of atopic disease.

scholarly journals Update of distribution, habitats, population size, and threat factors for the West African crocodile in Mauritania

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Campos ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Freiría ◽  
Fábio Vieira Sousa ◽  
Frederico Santarém ◽  
José Carlos Brito
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
West African ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
The West ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Domestic Use

The West African crocodile (Crocodylus suchus) is an emblematic species from the Sahara-Sahel with scarce knowledge on distribution and conservation status. This study updated the knowledge on distribution, occupied habitats, population size, and factors that threaten C. suchus and its habitats in Mauritania. Five field expeditions to Mauritania (2011-2016), allowed the detection of 26 new localities, increasing by 27% the current number of all known locations (adding up to ). In most localities less than five individuals were observed, and in all visiting sites the number of observed individuals ranged from one to 23. Eleven threat factors were identified, being droughts and temperature extremes (100% localities affected) and water abstraction for domestic use and nomadic grazing (94%) the most frequent. These findings suggest that crocodiles are apparently vulnerable in Mauritania and that future local conservation strategies are needed to assure the continuity of its fragile populations and preserve their habitats.

scholarly journals The influence of medical and geographical factors on the appearance and development of allergic rhinitis and eczema among school children in Belgrade

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Sanja Topalovic
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
International Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Asthma And Allergy ◽  
City Core ◽  
Health Organization

Allergic rhinitis and eczema represent ailments which are increasingly linked with urban areas. Although they do not belong to illnesses which are predominantly caused by geographical factors, their importance for the development of these illnesses will be considered in this paper. As an example of the influence of urban environment on the development of these illnesses, the city core of Belgrade (the area included in the General Urban Plan) is taken into consideration. The emphasis is put especially on the quality of air, industry, traffic and the conditions for living. The research is based on tracking these illnesses among children, considering the frequent appearance of these illnesses especially among school children. The survey, whose results were partly presented in this research paper, was an important method for examining the subject matter of this paper. Namely, the above mentioned survey was realized in the International Study of Asthma and Allergy among children (ISAAC), which was conducted by World Health Organization (WHO), 156 centres from 56 countries took part. Among them, there were four centres from Serbia: Belgrade, Nis, Podgorica and Sombor.

House I 10,8

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope M. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
The West ◽  
Comparable Group ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wall ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Small Shell ◽  
Lead Weights

The surviving plaster on the walls of this entranceway consisted of a high pink socle, delineated in red, with a white zone above. Ling observed that this overlay an earlier First-Style decoration on the east wall and that it had been patched in antiquity. Breaches are found in both the east and west walls. Outside the entrance, to either side, is a masonry bench (east bench: l.: 2.1 m, d.: 380 mm; west bench: l.: 2.4 m, d.: 460 mm), both much damaged. Finds within the entranceway consisted of bronze and iron studs, undoubtedly from the house door. Remains of plastered decoration survive on the south wall. Elia recorded a yellow dado, surmounted by a red band, with white plaster above. There is a breach in the north-west corner through to Unit no. 9, above a blocked doorway. At the centre of this front hall is a tufa impluvium (2.4 m × 2.1 m). In the north-west corner, 1 m above the pavement, were found: a small bronze ring; a bronze stud, similar to those in the entranceway and probably also from the front door; a fragment of a stone mortar or hand-mill; some glass beads; a small shell; and two bronze quadrantes, one of Nero dated ad 64. The fragmentary or loseable nature of these items suggests that they were disturbed from the ground level. Other small loseable items were found in the north-east corner: a small glass bottle, probably a toilet item; and possibly five more coins. One metre from the west side of the impluvium were found: another part of a hand-mill; two large stone weights; at least fifty-three lead weights, probably from a loom; and two other spherical stones, possibly also weights. The large number of lead weights is comparable with the quantity found under the stairway in room i of the Casa del Principe di Napoli. Another comparable group of forty loom weights was found together in a pit at Zugmantel. As Jongman noted, this amount would be equivalent to that required for one or perhaps two warp-weighted looms. It is therefore commensurate with the existence of such a loom, or looms, in this area, or of replacement loom weights, for domestic use.

scholarly journals Preschool Asthma Symptoms in Children Born Preterm: The Relevance of Lung Function in Infancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3345
Author(s):  
Manuel Sanchez-Solis ◽  
Maria Soledad Parra-Carrillo ◽  
Pedro Mondejar-Lopez ◽  
Patricia W Garcia-Marcos ◽  
Luis Garcia-Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
International Study ◽  
School Age ◽  
Lung Function Tests ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Asthma And Allergy ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Background: The aim of the study is to assess whether lung function of infants born preterm predicts wheezing in pre-school age. Methods: A survey of the core wheezing questionnaire of the International Study on Asthma and Allergy in Children was administered to parents of preterm newborns, to whom lung function tests were performed at a corrected age of six months, and who, at the time of the survey, were between three and nine years of age. Results: Low values of all lung function parameters measured, except FVC, were predictors of wheezing at some time in life, (FEV0.5 OR: 0.62 (95%CI 0.39; 0.995); FEV0.5/FVC OR: 0.73 (0.54; 0.99)) FEF75 OR: 0.60 [0.37; 0.93]; FEF25-75 OR: 0.57 (0.37; 0.89)); and of wheezing in the past year (FEV0.5 OR: 0.36 (0.17; 0.76); FEV0.5/FVC OR: 0.59 (0.38; 0.93); FEF75 OR: 0.38 [0.19; 0.76]; FEF25-75 OR: 0.35 (0.17; 0.70). In addition, FEV0.5/FVC values lower than the lowest limit of normality, were predictive of hospital admissions due to wheezing (OR: 3.07; (1.02; 9.25)). Conclusions: Limited lung function in infancy is predictive of both future wheezing and hospitalization for a wheezing episode.

scholarly journals Combined impact of healthy lifestyle factors on risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in school children: ISAAC phase III

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Morales ◽  
David Strachan ◽  
Innes Asher ◽  
Philippa Ellwood ◽  
Neil Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
International Study ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Asthma And Allergy ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

BackgroundAsthma is not the key focus of prevention strategies. A Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) was developed to examine the combined effect of modifiable lifestyle factors on asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema using data from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase III.MethodsInformation on symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema and several lifestyle factors was obtained from children aged 6–7 years through written questionnaires. The HLI combined five lifestyle factors: no parental smoking, child’s adherence to Mediterranean diet, child’s healthy body mass index, high physical activity and non-sedentary behaviour. The association between the HLI and risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema was evaluated using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models.FindingsData of 70 795 children from 37 centres in 19 countries were analysed. Each additional healthy lifestyle factor was associated with a reduced risk of current wheeze (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.89), asthma ever (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.92), current symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.97) and current symptoms of eczema (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98). Theoretically, if associations were causal, a combination of four or five healthy lifestyle factors would result into a reduction up to 16% of asthma cases (ranging from 2.7% to 26.3 % according to region of the world).ConclusionsThese findings should be interpreted with caution given the limitations to infer causality from cross-sectional observational data. Efficacy of interventions to improve multiple modifiable lifestyle factors to reduce the burden asthma and allergy in childhood should be assessed.

scholarly journals External resources of resilience in association with the alcohol use among early adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Abrinkova ◽  
O Orosová ◽  
M Bacikova-Sleskova ◽  
M Štefaňáková ◽  
B Gajdošová
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
International Study ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
External Resources

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the role of external resources of resilience in explaining the alcohol use in past 30 days among early adolescents. Methods A representative sample of 653 (52.9% girls) early adolescents (mean age =11.72 at T1; mean age = 13.09 at T5) was collected within a five wave repeated measure design with a baseline(T1), 3-month follow up(T2), 6-month (T3), 12-month(T4) and 18-month follow-up(T5). Alcohol use (AU) in the past 30 days was measured by a questionnaire of the international study ESPAD. School support (SS), school activities participation (SAP), home support (HS) and home activities participation (HAP) were measured by the Resilience Youth Development Module and represented external resources of resilience. Respondent's AU (dichotomized: 0-not used, 1-used) served as the outcome variable and external resources of resilience served as the independent variables. Binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results At T1, SS (95% CI = 0.77-0.96; p<0.01) was associated with lower AU while SAP (95% CI = 1.00-1.36; p<0.05) was associated with higher AU. At T2, SS (95% CI = 0.73-0.94; pα<0.01) and HS (95% CI = 0.70-0.98; pα<0.05) were associated with lower AU. AT T3, no significant association was found with AU and finally at T4 and T5 only HS (95% CI = 0.81-1.00; T4=pα<0.05), (95% CI = 0.78-0.96; T5=pα<0.01) remained significantly associated with lower AU at T4 and T5 while controlling for alcohol use at T1. AU increased significantly across the five waves (pα<0.01). Gender differences in AU were found only at T1 (p<0.01) with boys scoring higher. Conclusions The 5 measurement revealed a trend of the external resources of resilience in AU shifting from the school environment to the home environment. Moreover, it seems that SAP is associated with a higher probability of AU through more opportunities for group activities which are often associated with AU. Key messages School environment plays an important role in explaining AU in younger early adolescents. Home environment plays an important role in explaining AU in older early adolescents. The results point to an increasing trend in alcohol use among early adolescents.

scholarly journals Secondary indoor air pollution and passive smoking associated with cannabis smoking using electric cigarette device–demonstrative in silico study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. e1009004
Author(s):  
Kazuki Kuga ◽  
Kazuhide Ito ◽  
Wenhao Chen ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Jeff Fowles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Dermal Exposure ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cannabis User ◽  
Worst Case

With electronic (e)-liquids containing cannabis components easily available, many anecdotal examples of cannabis vaping using electronic cigarette devices have been reported. For electronic cigarette cannabis vaping, there are potential risks of secondary indoor air pollution from vapers. However, quantitative and accurate prediction of the inhalation and dermal exposure of a passive smoker in the same room is difficult to achieve due to the ethical constraints on subject experiments. The numerical method, i.e., in silico method, is a powerful tool to complement these experiments with real humans. In this study, we adopted a computer-simulated person that has been validated from multiple perspectives for prediction accuracy. We then conducted an in silico study to elucidate secondary indoor air pollution and passive smoking associated with cannabis vaping using an electronic cigarette device in an indoor environment. The aerosols exhaled by a cannabis vaper were confirmed to be a secondary emission source in an indoor environment; non-smokers were exposed to these aerosols via respiratory and dermal pathways. Tetrahydrocannabinol was used as a model chemical compound for the exposure study. Its uptake by the non-smoker through inhalation and dermal exposure under a worst-case scenario was estimated to be 5.9% and 2.6% of the exhaled quantity from an e-cigarette cannabis user, respectively.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Atopic Diseases in Children on the Arabian Peninsula

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Al-Herz
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
International Study ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Atopic Diseases ◽  
Pubmed Search

Objectives: To study the available data on the prevalence of atopic diseases and food allergy in children living on the Arabian Peninsula. Methods: A PubMed search for relevant published articles was conducted using the following search terms singly or in combination: “atopy,” “atopic disease,” “atopic disorder,” “International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood,” “ISAAC,” “asthma,” “allergic rhinitis,” “eczema,” and “food allergy” in combination with the names of countries of the Arabian Peninsula (Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and Yemen). The search captured studies published up to December 2017. Results: A total of 8 publications reporting prevalence rates of any type of atopic disease in children in 7 countries of the Arabian Peninsula were retrieved. The prevalence of all atopic disorders was comparable between countries of the Arabian Peninsula. The overall prevalence of asthma ranged from 8 to 23%, while the reported prevalence of eczema ranged from 7.5 to 22.5%. There was great variation in the prevalence rates of rhinoconjunctivitis, which ranged from 6.3 to 30.5%. The prevalence of food allergy (8.1%) was reported for 1 country only, the United Arab Emirates. Conclusions: The reported overall rates of atopic disease in countries of the Arabian Peninsula are comparable to those reported in other industrialized countries. This is probably related to the good economic status in the region, which is reflected in the living standards and lifestyle. Further, genetic factors, such as factors related to gene polymorphism, and the high rate of consanguinity in the region may contribute to the higher prevalence of atopic diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence of atopic dermatitis symptoms and its relation to respiratory allergy in preadolescent children

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
B A Shamov ◽  
I G Safiullina ◽  
A B Beshimova
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
International Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Preadolescent Children ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Asthma And Allergy ◽  
Set Up

Aim. To study the prevalence of atopic dermatitis symptoms and its relation to bronchial asthma symptoms in children of 7-8 years of age. Methods. 8880 children aged 7-8 years were examined (3000 children - in 2002, 2865 children - in 2006, 3015 children - in 2010). A questionnaire survey for atopic dermatitis symptoms was conducted as a part of international unified program «International Study of Asthma and Allergy in childhood». Results. Significant differences in prevalence of atopic dermatitis symptoms according to the questionnaire survey and as documented in medical charts were determined. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis symptoms has raised from 12.5±0.4% in 2002 to 20.4±1.5% in 2010 (р 0.001). The prevalence of atopic dermatitis symptoms early onset (younger than 2 years of age) decreased from 7.6±1.0 to 4.9±0.8% (p 0.05). The prevalence of atopic dermatitis relapses during the past calendar year increased from 3.2±0.6 to 4.8±0.8% (p 0.05). Meanwhile, the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was set up in preadolescent children 7-8 years of age fore frequently: to 4.0±0.7% in 2002 compared to 13.8±1.3% in 2010 (p 0.001). The prevalence of atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma combination increased from 3.4±0.4 to 7.8±1.0% (p 0.001). A strong relation between presence of atopic dermatitis symptoms and bronchial asthma symptoms was discovered (from 0.76 to 1.00, p 0.05). Conclusion. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis symptoms and bronchial asthma symptoms is still growing in preadolescent children 7-8 years of age, a relation between presence of abovementioned diseases symptoms was discovered.

A Study on Correlation of Home Environment and Asthma and Allergy Among Preschool Children in Seoul, Korea

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S286
Author(s):  
Jieun Choi ◽  
Yoorim Choi ◽  
Chungyoon Chun ◽  
Yuexia Sun ◽  
Jan Sundell
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Asthma And Allergy
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