External resources of resilience in association with the alcohol use among early adolescents

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the role of external resources of resilience in explaining the alcohol use in past 30 days among early adolescents. Methods A representative sample of 653 (52.9% girls) early adolescents (mean age =11.72 at T1; mean age = 13.09 at T5) was collected within a five wave repeated measure design with a baseline(T1), 3-month follow up(T2), 6-month (T3), 12-month(T4) and 18-month follow-up(T5). Alcohol use (AU) in the past 30 days was measured by a questionnaire of the international study ESPAD. School support (SS), school activities participation (SAP), home support (HS) and home activities participation (HAP) were measured by the Resilience Youth Development Module and represented external resources of resilience. Respondent's AU (dichotomized: 0-not used, 1-used) served as the outcome variable and external resources of resilience served as the independent variables. Binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results At T1, SS (95% CI = 0.77-0.96; p<0.01) was associated with lower AU while SAP (95% CI = 1.00-1.36; p<0.05) was associated with higher AU. At T2, SS (95% CI = 0.73-0.94; pα<0.01) and HS (95% CI = 0.70-0.98; pα<0.05) were associated with lower AU. AT T3, no significant association was found with AU and finally at T4 and T5 only HS (95% CI = 0.81-1.00; T4=pα<0.05), (95% CI = 0.78-0.96; T5=pα<0.01) remained significantly associated with lower AU at T4 and T5 while controlling for alcohol use at T1. AU increased significantly across the five waves (pα<0.01). Gender differences in AU were found only at T1 (p<0.01) with boys scoring higher. Conclusions The 5 measurement revealed a trend of the external resources of resilience in AU shifting from the school environment to the home environment. Moreover, it seems that SAP is associated with a higher probability of AU through more opportunities for group activities which are often associated with AU. Key messages School environment plays an important role in explaining AU in younger early adolescents. Home environment plays an important role in explaining AU in older early adolescents. The results point to an increasing trend in alcohol use among early adolescents.

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Brief Motivational Interviewing Intervention for Peer Violence and Alcohol Use in Teens: One-Year Follow-up

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2011-3419d ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 129 (6) ◽

pp. X9-X9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Motivational Interviewing ◽

Peer Violence ◽

One Year

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Positive Home Environment And Behaviour Development In Early Adolescents

i-manager’s Journal on Educational Psychology ◽

10.26634/jpsy.4.3.1244 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Jayalekshmi N.B ◽

◽

B. William Dharma Raja ◽

Keyword(s):

Home Environment ◽

Early Adolescents

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Decrease in Secondary Neck Vessels in Multiple Sclerosis: A 5-year Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Angiography Study

Current Neurovascular Research ◽

10.2174/1567202616666190612111127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 215-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dejan Jakimovski ◽

Matthew Topolski ◽

Kana Kimura ◽

Virja Pandya ◽

Bianca Weinstock-Guttman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance Angiography ◽

Longitudinal Change ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

False Discovery ◽

The Common ◽

Neck Vessels

Background: Studies have previously shown greater arterial and venous extracranial vascular changes in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) when compared to healthy controls (HCs). Objectives: To determine the change in the number and size of secondary neck vessels in PwMS and HCs over a 5-year follow-up period. Methods: Both at baseline and follow-up, 83 PwMS and 25 HCs underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging and analysis. The number and cross-sectional area (CSA) of all secondary neck vessels (excluding the common/internal carotid, vertebral artery, and internal jugular vein) measured at levels from C2-T1 were determined by semi-automated edge detection/ contouring software. The longitudinal change in the number and CSA of the secondary neck vessels from the PwMS and HCs were analyzed by non-parametric Wilcoxon repeated measure. Benjamini-Hochberg procedure adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR). Results: For over 5 years, PwMS demonstrated a consistent longitudinal decrease in both the number of secondary neck vessels (Z-change between -3.3 and -5.4, q=0.001) and their CSA (Zchange between -2.9 and -5.2, q=0.004). On the contrary, the HCs did not demonstrate a significant longitudinal change in secondary neck vessels over the follow-up period. Due to the longitudinal decrease, the PwMS showed a lower number of secondary neck vessels when compared to HCs measured at follow-up (p<0.029, except for C4 with trending p=0.071). The PwMS changes were also corroborated within each MS phenotype. Conclusion: PwMS demonstrate a significant mid-term decrease in the number and the size of the secondary neck vessels. The clinical relevance of these findings and the effect on intracranial blood flow are currently unknown.

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Does parental permissiveness toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use influence illicit drug use among adolescents? A longitudinal study in seven European countries

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s00127-021-02118-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emina Mehanović ◽

Federica Vigna-Taglianti ◽

Fabrizio Faggiano ◽

Maria Rosaria Galanti ◽

Barbara Zunino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Longitudinal Data ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Large Population ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

European Countries ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose Adolescents’ perceptions of parental norms may influence their substance use. The relationship between parental norms toward cigarette and alcohol use, and the use of illicit substances among their adolescent children is not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze this relationship, including gender differences, using longitudinal data from a large population-based study. Methods The present study analyzed longitudinal data from 3171 12- to 14-year-old students in 7 European countries allocated to the control arm of the European Drug Addiction Prevention trial. The impact of parental permissiveness toward cigarettes and alcohol use reported by the students at baseline on illicit drug use at 6-month follow-up was analyzed through multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Whether adolescents’ own use of cigarette and alcohol mediated the association between parental norms and illicit drug use was tested through mediation models. Results Parental permissive norms toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline predicted adolescents’ illicit drug use at follow-up. The association was stronger among boys than among girls and was mediated by adolescents’ own cigarette and alcohol use. Conclusion Perceived parental permissiveness toward the use of legal drugs predicted adolescents’ use of illicit drugs, especially among boys. Parents should be made aware of the importance of norm setting, and supported in conveying clear messages of disapproval of all substances.

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Asthma and indoor environment in Nepal

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thx.56.6.477 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 477-481

Author(s):

T Melsom ◽

L Brinch ◽

J O Hessen ◽

M A Schei ◽

N Kolstrup ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Home Environment ◽

Passive Smoking ◽

Indoor Environment ◽

International Study ◽

Atopic Disease ◽

The West ◽

Childhood Exposure ◽

Domestic Use ◽

Asthma And Allergy ◽

Nepalese Children

BACKGROUNDThe development of asthma seems to be influenced by the adoption of a Western lifestyle. A study was undertaken to assess the importance of indoor environmental factors in Nepal where the lifestyle and home environment differ from that in the West.METHODSThe home environment of 121 schoolchildren with asthma and 126 controls aged 11–17 years was studied. The homes of all participants were investigated and the children and their mothers were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire. Cases and controls were identified from an ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood) based population study of 2330 schoolchildren in Kathmandu, Nepal.RESULTSKeeping cattle inside the house during the night was related to a lower risk for having asthma (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.2 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.5)) while there was no association between asthma and cattle kept outside. Asthma was associated with cigarette smoking by two or more family members (OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.9)) and with the domestic use of smoky fuels (OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 4.5)). In analyses stratified by sex, passive smoking and the use of smoky fuels were significantly associated with asthma only in boys.CONCLUSIONSThe risk of asthma in Nepalese children was lower in subjects exposed to cattle kept inside the house and higher in subjects exposed to passive smoking and indoor use of smoky fuels. Childhood exposure to microorganisms or allergens from cattle may protect against the development of atopic disease.

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Longitudinal predictors of problematic alcohol use in adolescence: A 2-year follow-up study

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106952 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106952

Author(s):

Lutz Wartberg ◽

Gloria Fischer-Waldschmidt ◽

Levente Kriston ◽

Christina W. Hoven ◽

Marco Sarchiapone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Problematic Alcohol ◽

Problematic Alcohol Use

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Dr. Answer AI for Prostate Cancer: Predicting Biochemical Recurrence Following Radical Prostatectomy

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment ◽

10.1177/15330338211024660 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 153303382110246

Author(s):

Jihwan Park ◽

Mi Jung Rho ◽

Hyong Woo Moon ◽

Jaewon Kim ◽

Chanjung Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Random Forest ◽

Radical Prostatectomy ◽

Prediction Model ◽

Biochemical Recurrence ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Tertiary Hospitals ◽

Input Variables

Objectives: To develop a model to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP), using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Patients and Methods: This study collected data from 7,128 patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who received RP at 3 tertiary hospitals. After preprocessing, we used the data of 6,755 cases to generate the BCR prediction model. There were 16 input variables with BCR as the outcome variable. We used a random forest to develop the model. Several sampling techniques were used to address class imbalances. Results: We achieved good performance using a random forest with synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) using Tomek links, edited nearest neighbors (ENN), and random oversampling: accuracy = 96.59%, recall = 95.49%, precision = 97.66%, F1 score = 96.59%, and ROC AUC = 98.83%. Conclusion: We developed a BCR prediction model for RP. The Dr. Answer AI project, which was developed based on our BCR prediction model, helps physicians and patients to make treatment decisions in the clinical follow-up process as a clinical decision support system.

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The Relationship Between the Home Environment and Falls for Older Adults With Visual Impairments

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2783 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 770-770

Author(s):

Bonnielin Swenor ◽

Aleksandra Mihailovic ◽

Pradeep Ramulu

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Home Environment ◽

Visually Impaired ◽

Visual Impairments ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Engineering Society ◽

Environment Assessment ◽

Risk Factors For Falls ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The home environment and features of the home have been identified as important risk factors for falls, and may pose particular risk for older adults with visual impairments given difficulty with hazard perception. We used data from 245 participants in the Falls in Glaucoma Study [mean age: 71 years, mean follow-up: 31 months] with homes graded using our previously validated Home Environment Assessment for the Visually Impaired (HEAVI), which quantifies the number of in-home fall-related hazards and found that neither the number of hazards nor the percentage of hazardous items were associated falls/year. However, each 10-fold increase in lighting was associated with a 35% lower rate of falls/year (RR=0.65, 95%CI=0.46 to 0.92) and there was a 50% reduction in falls/year when lighting was at or above 30 footcandles (minimum lighting level recommended by the Engineering Society of North America) compared to lighting <30 footcandles (RR=0.50, 95%CI=0.26 to 0.96).

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