Infection dynamics of Mycoplasma hyorhinis in three commercial pig populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J Clavijo ◽  
D. Murray ◽  
S. Oliveira ◽  
A. Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyorhinis ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Causative Agents

Mycoplasma hyorhinis is one of the causative agents of polyserositis and arthritis in postweaning pigs. Knowledge regarding colonisation frequency and age distribution in modern pig production is lacking. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of M hyorhinis colonisation in different age groups across three commercial pig populations. Nasal swabs were collected from sows, piglets and nursery pigs of different ages. Oral fluids were collected from nursery pigs. Necropsies were performed to assess the presence of M hyorhinis-associated disease. M hyorhinis was detected in 5/60 sows in herd A, 3/60 in herd B and none in herd C. In herd A and B, the prevalence was low in preweaning piglets (∼8 per cent) and high in postweaning pigs (∼98 per cent). A total of 7/8 oral fluids tested PCR positive in herds A and B, while 1/8 tested positive in herd C. In herd C, the preweaning and postweaning prevalence was low. In herds A and B, necropsied pigs had polyserositis lesions where M hyorhinis was detected by PCR. This study showed that prevalence of M hyorhinis colonisation varies with pig age and across farms. Information generated will aid in the design and implementation of control and prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and viremia of porcine astrovirus in pigs from Guangxi province of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifeng Qin ◽  
Qingli Fang ◽  
Xunjie Li ◽  
Fakai Li ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Guangxi Province ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Porcine Astrovirus ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
New Perspective

Abstract Background Porcine astroviruses (PAstVs) are common in pigs worldwide. There are five distinct lineages with each lineage representing a different ancestral origin. Recently, multiple reports have demonstrated the evidence of extra-intestinal infection of PAstVs, but little is known about viremia. Results In this study, a total of 532 fecal samples and 120 serum samples from healthy pigs were collected and tested from 2013 to 2015 in Guangxi province, China; of these 300/532 (56.4%) and 7/120 (5.8%) of fecal samples tested positive for PAstVs, respectively. Our study revealed that there was wide genetic diversity and high prevalence of the virus in the pig population. All five of the known PAstVs genotypes (1–5) prevailed in the pig population of Guangxi province and were distributed in all age groups of pigs, from suckling piglets to sows, with PAstV2 (47.7%), PAstV1 (26.2%) and PAstV5 (21.5%) seen predominantly. Phylogenetic analysis of partial ORF1b and partial capsid sequences from fecal and serum samples revealed that they were divided into the five lineages. Among these genotypes, based on partial ORF2 genes sequencing 23 strains were grouped as PAstV1, including 6 serum-derived strains, and were regarded as the causative agents of viremia in pigs. Conclusions Due to the information regarding the types of PAstV in blood is limit. This is the first report for the presence of PAstV1 in blood and PAstV3 in the feces of nursery pigs of China. This study provides a reference for understanding the prevalence and genetic evolution of PAstVs in pigs in Guangxi province, China. It also provides a new perspective for understanding of the extra-intestinal infection of PAstVs in pigs.

scholarly journals Updated Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the North East Region of Romania after 35 Years of Chernobyl Fallout. Is There a Link between?

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Laura Teodoriu ◽  
Maria Christina Ungureanu ◽  
Letitia Leustean ◽  
Cristina Preda ◽  
Delia Ciobanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chernobyl Fallout ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Radioactive Cloud ◽  
The Moment

Thyroid cancer (TC) represents a worldwide problem, the consistent growth of the incidence increment issues about management of risk factors and curative treatment. Updated statistical data are not complete in the North East region of Romania and need to be improved. Therefore, through this study, we aim to renew the existing data on thyroid cancer. We conducted a retrospective study covering a period of 10 years. Data were collected from a hospital information system (InfoWorld) between 2009 and 2019. Patients’ age groups were stratified in relation with the age at the moment of the Chernobyl event. A database was obtained (Microsoft Excel) and statistical correlations were applied. In the studied period, 1159 patients were diagnosed: 968 females and 191 males, distributed by region, with the highest addressability in Iasi (529), followed by neighboring counties. Age distribution displayed that most of the thyroid cancers were in the range 4060 years old (50.94%), followed by 60–80 years old (32.41%). Most patients were diagnosed with papillary carcinoma 63.10%, then follicular 14.7%, medullary 6.74% and undifferentiated 1.02%. Romania was in the vicinity of the radioactive cloud at Chernobyl fallout, so we must deliberate whether the increased incidence of thyroid cancer in the age group 40–60 years is associated with radiogenicity (iodine 131) given the fact that over has 35 years and the half-life of other radioisotopes like Caesium-137 and Strontium -90 is completed.

scholarly journals Estimating effective infection fatality rates during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Staerk ◽  
Tobias Wistuba ◽  
Andreas Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract Background The infection fatality rate (IFR) of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most discussed figures in the context of this pandemic. In contrast to the case fatality rate (CFR), the IFR depends on the total number of infected individuals – not just on the number of confirmed cases. In order to estimate the IFR, several seroprevalence studies have been or are currently conducted. Methods Using German COVID-19 surveillance data and age-group specific IFR estimates from multiple international studies, this work investigates time-dependent variations in effective IFR over the course of the pandemic. Three different methods for estimating (effective) IFRs are presented: (a) population-averaged IFRs based on the assumption that the infection risk is independent of age and time, (b) effective IFRs based on the assumption that the age distribution of confirmed cases approximately reflects the age distribution of infected individuals, and (c) effective IFRs accounting for age- and time-dependent dark figures of infections. Results Effective IFRs in Germany are estimated to vary over time, as the age distributions of confirmed cases and estimated infections are changing during the course of the pandemic. In particular during the first and second waves of infections in spring and autumn/winter 2020, there has been a pronounced shift in the age distribution of confirmed cases towards older age groups, resulting in larger effective IFR estimates. The temporary increase in effective IFR during the first wave is estimated to be smaller but still remains when adjusting for age- and time-dependent dark figures. A comparison of effective IFRs with observed CFRs indicates that a substantial fraction of the time-dependent variability in observed mortality can be explained by changes in the age distribution of infections. Furthermore, a vanishing gap between effective IFRs and observed CFRs is apparent after the first infection wave, while an increasing gap can be observed during the second wave. Conclusions The development of estimated effective IFR and observed CFR reflects the changing age distribution of infections over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Further research is warranted to obtain timely age-stratified IFR estimates, particularly in light of new variants of the virus.

Seasonal pattern and genotype distribution of sapovirus infection in Japan, 2003–2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. DEY ◽  
O. PHATHAMMAVONG ◽  
T. D. NGUYEN ◽  
A. THONGPRACHUM ◽  
W. CHAN-IT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Family ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Predominant Strain

SUMMARYSapovirus, a member of the family Caliciviridae, is one of the major causative agents of viral gastroenteritis affecting all age groups. A total of 3232 faecal specimens collected from infants and children with gastroenteritis in five different regions of Japan during 2003–2009 were examined for sapovirus by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Sapoviruses were detected in 131 (4·05%) patients with the peak observed mainly in the cold season (November–March) in Japan during 2003–2009. During the last 6 years, sapovirus GI/1 was the predominant strain in Japan followed by GIV, GII/3, GII/6, GII/2, GII/12 and GI, respectively.

Social Well-Being of the Population of Russia During the Pandemic (Based on Sample Survey Data)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
L. A. Davletshina ◽  
N. A. Sadovnikova ◽  
A. V. Bezrukov ◽  
O. G. Lebedinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

The article present results of the authors’ study of the social well-being of the Russian population – an assessment of the population’s health and attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle amid viral pandemic, based on materials of the Rosstat sample surveys of 2019 and 2020 and data from the All-Russian survey conducted by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM) on 27 September 2020. The authors described the transformation of living conditions in the light of the complex epidemiological situation and the increase in coronavirus cases among the population. Changes in the health status of the Russian population were analyzed by individual age groups.The article assesses the strength of the relationship between the social well-being of the population by selected socio-demographic groups and the period of self-isolation, quarantine, or other restrictions imposed during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. To solve this problem, demographic and socio-economic characteristics of respondents are presented, the distribution of responses according to the survey results is estimated, and the most signifcant factor characteristics are selected. Respondent replies were grouped according to the selected questions, including in the territorial context (by federal districts). To determine the strength of the relationship between the respondents' answers to the question and their gender or age distribution, the coefcients of mutual conjugacy and rank correlation coefcients were calculated and analyzed.Analysis of the changes in the social well-being of population for 2019–2020 and the assessment of the strength of the relationship between the discussed indicators (gender, wealth, territory of residence) revealed the parameters that form the differences. After comparing the health status of the Russian population as a whole and by age groups in 2019 and 2020 based on data of sample survey on population health status, the following points were identifed. With the expected assessment of the population health status in the age distribution (deterioration in the older ages and better health in the younger ones), it also remains unchanged that more than half of the respondents characterize their health status as «very good» and «good». Noteworthy is the fact that the assessment of the health status of the Russian population has improved during the year. It is evidenced from changes in the structure of respondent replies, even though population health status survey of 2020 was conducted in the middle of lockdown amid the continuing negative trends in coronavirus morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Sources of Information and Support for Breastfeeding: Alignment with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 598-606
Author(s):  
Carolyn Sutter ◽  
Barbara H. Fiese ◽  
Alexandra Lundquist ◽  
Erin C. Davis ◽  
Brent A. McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

scholarly journals Retail Deli Slicer Inspection Practices: An EHS-Net Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAUREN E. LIPCSEI ◽  
LAURA G. BROWN ◽  
E. RICKAMER HOOVER ◽  
BRENDA V. FAW ◽  
NICOLE HEDEEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Worker Training ◽  
The Third ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Retail Food ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 3,000 people die in the United States each year from foodborne illness, and Listeria monocytogenes causes the third highest number of deaths. Risk assessment data indicate that L. monocytogenes contamination of particularly delicatessen meats sliced at retail is a significant contributor to human listeriosis. Mechanical deli slicers are a major source of L. monocytogenes cross-contamination and growth. In an attempt to prevent pathogen cross-contamination and growth, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created guidance to promote good slicer cleaning and inspection practices. The CDC's Environmental Health Specialists Network conducted a study to learn more about retail deli practices concerning these prevention strategies. The present article includes data from this study on the frequency with which retail delis met the FDA recommendation that slicers should be inspected each time they are properly cleaned (defined as disassembling, cleaning, and sanitizing the slicer every 4 h). Data from food worker interviews in 197 randomly selected delis indicate that only 26.9% of workers (n = 53) cleaned and inspected their slicers at this frequency. Chain delis and delis that serve more than 300 customers on their busiest day were more likely to have properly cleaned and inspected slicers. Data also were collected on the frequency with which delis met the FDA Food Code provision that slicers should be undamaged. Data from observations of 685 slicers in 298 delis indicate that only 37.9% of delis (n = 113) had slicers that were undamaged. Chain delis and delis that provide worker training were more likely to have slicers with no damage. To improve slicer practices, food safety programs and the retail food industry may wish to focus on worker training and to focus interventions on independent and smaller delis, given that these delis were less likely to properly inspect their slicers and to have undamaged slicers.

scholarly journals Use of the moving epidemic method (MEM) to assess national surveillance data for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the Netherlands, 2005 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M Vos ◽  
Anne C Teirlinck ◽  
José E Lozano ◽  
Tomás Vega ◽  
Gé A Donker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background To control respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which causes acute respiratory infections, data and methods to assess its epidemiology are important. Aim We sought to describe RSV seasonality, affected age groups and RSV-type distribution over 12 consecutive seasons in the Netherlands, as well as to validate the moving epidemic method (MEM) for monitoring RSV epidemics. Methods We used 2005−17 laboratory surveillance data and sentinel data. For RSV seasonality evaluation, epidemic thresholds (i) at 1.2% of the cumulative number of RSV-positive patients per season and (ii) at 20 detections per week (for laboratory data) were employed. We also assessed MEM thresholds. Results In laboratory data RSV was reported 25,491 times (no denominator). In sentinel data 5.6% (767/13,577) of specimens tested RSV positive. Over 12 seasons, sentinel data showed percentage increases of RSV positive samples. The average epidemic length was 18.0 weeks (95% confidence intervals (CI):  16.3–19.7) and 16.5 weeks (95% CI: 14.0–18.0) for laboratory and sentinel data, respectively. Epidemics started on average in week 46 (95% CI: 45–48) and 47 (95% CI:  46–49), respectively. The peak was on average in the first week of January in both datasets. MEM showed similar results to the other methods. RSV incidence was highest in youngest (0–1 and >1–2 years) and oldest (>65–75 and > 75 years) age groups, with age distribution remaining stable over time. RSV-type dominance alternated every one or two seasons. Conclusions Our findings provide baseline information for immunisation advisory groups. The possibility of employing MEM to monitor RSV epidemics allows prospective, nearly real-time use of surveillance data.

scholarly journals Adaptive data-driven age and patch mixing in contact networks with recurrent mobility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Knight ◽  
Huiting Ma ◽  
Amir Ghasemi ◽  
Mackenzie Hamilton ◽  
Kevin Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mixing Patterns ◽  
Transmission Models

AbstractInfectious disease transmission models often stratify populations by age and geographic patches. Contact patterns between age groups and patches are key parameters in such models. Arenas et al. (2020) develop an approach to simulate contact patterns associated with recurrent mobility between patches, such as due to work, school, and other regular travel. Using their approach, mixing between patches is greater than mobility data alone would suggest, because individuals from patches A and B can form a contact if they meet in patch C. We build upon their approach to address three potential gaps that remain. First, our approach includes a distribution of contacts by age that is responsive to underlying age distribution of the mixing pool. Second, different age distributions by contact type are also maintained in our approach, such that changes to the numbers of different types of contacts are appropriately reflected in changes to the overall age mixing patterns. Finally, we introduce and distinguish between two mixing pools associated with each patch, with possible implications for the overall connectivity of the population: the home pool, in which contacts can only be formed with other individuals residing in the same patch; and the travel pool, in which contacts can be formed with some residents of, and any other visitors to the patch. We describe in detail the steps required to implement our approach, and present results of an example application.Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Current Pattern and Clinico-Bacteriological Profile of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) in an ICU Setting: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mradul Kumar Daga ◽  
Govind Mawari ◽  
Saman Wasi ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Udbhav Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Objective To understand the pattern and types of healthcare associated infections (HAI) at our healthcare facility, and to determine the common causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility profile. Methods One hundred consecutive patients diagnosed with HAI were enrolled and monitored; the causative organisms isolated on culture were recorded and their sensitivity profile was generated. Results Of the 100 patients diagnosed with HAI (mean age ± SD being 42 ± 17 years), there were a total of 110 hospital acquired infections with 10 patients having two infections each. Out of 100 patients with HAI, 69 patients had ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), 21 patients had catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) patients, and 20 patients had central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). There were 10 patients with both VAP and CAUTI. All of the HAIs were device associated. A total of 76 pathogens were isolated on culture. No organism was isolated in 40 HAI. Majority (94.7%) of the organisms isolated from HAIs were gram-negative bacteria and all were multidrug resistant. Seventy-seven of the enrolled patients expired while 23 were discharged from the hospital Conclusions Our study demonstrated that HAIs occur in patients of all age groups; younger patients are not spared. Majority of the HAIs were caused by multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria and were associated with high patient mortality. Acinetobacter species was the most common organism associated with HAI.

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