Daily chocolate milk consumption does not enhance the effect of resistance training in young and old men: a randomized controlled trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron J. Mitchell ◽  
Sara Y. Oikawa ◽  
Dan I. Ogborn ◽  
Nicholas J. Nates ◽  
Lauren G. MacNeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Fibre Area ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Old Men

Older and younger men completed 12 weeks of resistance training and ingested either 500 mL of chocolate milk or placebo daily. Training increased strength in both age groups (p < 0.05), with no supplementation effect. Type I muscle fibre area increased with training (p = 0.008) with no effect of age or supplementation. Type II fibre area increased (p = 0.014) in young men only with no supplementation effect. Chocolate milk did not enhance skeletal muscle hypertrophy following training.

Efficacy of 3 days/wk resistance training on myofiber hypertrophy and myogenic mechanisms in young vs. older adults

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Kosek ◽  
Jeong-su Kim ◽  
John K. Petrella ◽  
James M. Cross ◽  
Marcas M. Bamman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Age Variation ◽  
Myogenic Factor ◽  
Type I Fibers

Resistance training (RT) has shown the most promise in reducing/reversing effects of sarcopenia, although the optimum regime specific for older adults remains unclear. We hypothesized myofiber hypertrophy resulting from frequent (3 days/wk, 16 wk) RT would be impaired in older (O; 60–75 yr; 12 women, 13 men), sarcopenic adults compared with young (Y; 20–35 yr; 11 women, 13 men) due to slowed repair/regeneration processes. Myofiber-type distribution and cross-sectional area (CSA) were determined at 0 and 16 wk. Transcript and protein levels of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) were assessed as markers of regeneration at 0 and 24 h postexercise, and after 16 wk. Only Y increased type I CSA 18% ( P < 0.001). O showed smaller type IIa (−16%) and type IIx (−24%) myofibers before training ( P < 0.05), with differences most notable in women. Both age groups increased type IIa (O, 16%; Y, 25%) and mean type II (O, 23%; Y, 32%) size ( P < 0.05). Growth was generally most favorable in young men. Percent change scores on fiber size revealed an age × gender interaction for type I fibers ( P < 0.05) as growth among Y (25%) exceeded that of O (4%) men. Myogenin and myogenic differentiation factor D (MyoD) mRNAs increased ( P < 0.05) in Y and O, whereas myogenic factor (myf)-5 mRNA increased in Y only ( P < 0.05). Myf-6 protein increased ( P < 0.05) in both Y and O. The results generally support our hypothesis as 3 days/wk training led to more robust hypertrophy in Y vs. O, particularly among men. However, this differential hypertrophy adaptation was not explained by age variation in MRF expression.

Modulation of the dystrophin-associated protein complex in response to resistance training in young and older men

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1476-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Kosek ◽  
Marcas M. Bamman
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Mapk Phosphorylation ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) is a scaffold of proteins linking the intracellular cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix that is integral to structural stability and integrity, signaling and mechanotransduction, and force transmission. We hypothesized that the expression of DAPC component proteins would be altered by resistance loading during progressive resistance training (PRT)-mediated myofiber hypertrophy, and we investigated whether aging influenced these changes. Seventeen young (27 yr) and 13 older (65 yr) men completed 16 wk of PRT with muscle biopsies at baseline (T1), 24 h after bout 1 (T2), and 24 h after the final bout at week 16 (T3). Myofiber hypertrophy in the young (type I 31%, P < 0.005; type II 40%, P < 0.001) far exceeded hypertrophy in the old (type II only, 19.5%, P < 0.05). PRT altered protein expression for caveolin-3 (decreased 24% by T3, P < 0.01), α1-syntrophin (increased 16% by T3, P < 0.05), α-dystrobrevin (fell 23% from T2 to T3, P < 0.01), and dystrophin [rose acutely (30% by T2, P < 0.05) and returned to baseline by T3]. The phosphorylation state of membrane neuronal nitric oxide synthase (Ser1417) decreased 70% ( P < 0.005) by T3, particularly in the old (81%), whereas p38 MAPK phosphorylation increased twofold by T3 in the old ( P < 0.01). We conclude that component proteins of the DAPC are modulated by PRT, which may serve to improve both structural and signaling functions during load-mediated myofiber hypertrophy. The blunted hypertrophic adaptation seen in old vs. young men may have resulted from overstress, as suggested by marked p38 MAPK activation in old men only.

Age and Laryngeal Airway Resistance during Vowel Production

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Melcon ◽  
Jeannette D. Hoit ◽  
Thomas J. Hixon
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Old Men ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Laryngeal Airway

An investigation was conducted to determine if laryngeal valving economy, as reflected in measures of laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production, varies across adulthood. Sixty healthy men were studied, 10 from each of six age groups–25, 35, 45, 55, 65, and 75 years (± 2 years). Results indicated that there are age-related differences in laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production and that these differences are characterized by a lower mean resistance in 75-year-old men than in younger men of the ages studied. This finding provides insight into the impact of age on laryngeal function and has important implications for the evaluation and management of men with voice disorders.

Double-blind controlled trial of azathioprine in children with newly diagnosed type I diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Cook ◽  
I. Hudson ◽  
L. C. Harrison ◽  
B. Dean ◽  
P. G. Colman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Type I ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Double Blind

scholarly journals Collagen-Based Electrospun Materials for Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Britani N. Blackstone ◽  
Summer C. Gallentine ◽  
Heather M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Increased Strength

Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in organs and tissues throughout the body and is used for many tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning of collagen can produce scaffolds in a wide variety of shapes, fiber diameters and porosities to match that of the native ECM. This systematic review aims to pool data from available manuscripts on electrospun collagen and tissue engineering to provide insight into the connection between source material, solvent, crosslinking method and functional outcomes. D-banding was most often observed in electrospun collagen formed using collagen type I isolated from calfskin, often isolated within the laboratory, with short solution solubilization times. All physical and chemical methods of crosslinking utilized imparted resistance to degradation and increased strength. Cytotoxicity was observed at high concentrations of crosslinking agents and when abbreviated rinsing protocols were utilized. Collagen and collagen-based scaffolds were capable of forming engineered tissues in vitro and in vivo with high similarity to the native structures.

scholarly journals Face, Content, and Construct Validity of a Virtual Reality Otoscopy Simulator and Applicability to Medical Training

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110328
Author(s):  
Tobias Albrecht ◽  
Christoph Nikendei ◽  
Mark Praetorius
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
The Face

Objective Otologic diseases are common in all age groups and can significantly impair the function of this important sensory organ. To make a correct diagnosis, the correct handling of the otoscope and a correctly performed examination are essential. A virtual reality simulator could make it easier to teach this difficult-to-teach skill. The aim of this study was to assess the face, content, and construct validity of the novel virtual reality otoscopy simulator and the applicability to otologic training. Study Design Face and content validity was assessed with a questionnaire. Construct validity was assessed in a prospectively designed controlled trial. Setting Training for medical students at a tertiary referral center. Method The questionnaire used a 6-point Likert scale. The otoscopy was rated with a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills. Time to complete the task and the percentage of the assessed eardrum surface were recorded. Results The realism of the simulator and the applicability to medical training were assessed across several items. The ratings suggested good face and content validity as well as usefulness and functionality of the simulator. The otolaryngologists significantly outperformed the student group in all categories measured (P < .0001), suggesting construct validity of the simulator. Conclusion In this study, we could demonstrate face, content, and construct validity for a novel high-fidelity virtual reality otoscopy simulator. The results encourage the use of the otoscopy simulator as a complementary tool to traditional teaching methods in a curriculum for medical students.

scholarly journals Effect of 12-weeks elastic band resistance training on MyomiRs and osteoporosis markers in elderly women with Osteosarcopenic obesity: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Banitalebi ◽  
Majid Mardaniyan Ghahfarrokhi ◽  
Mortaza Dehghan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Type I ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Osteosarcopenic Obesity

Abstract Background Interorgan communication networks established during exercise in several different tissues can be mediated by several exercise-induced factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance-type training using elastic band-induced changes of myomiRs (i.e., miR-206 and miR-133), vitamin D, CTX-I, ALP, and FRAX® score in elderly women with osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO). Methods In this randomized controlled trial, 63 women (aged 65–80 years) with Osteosarcopenic Obesity were recruited and assessed, using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry instrument. The resistance-type training via elastic bands was further designed three times per week for 12-weeks. The main outcomes were Fracture Risk Assessment Tool score, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, expression of miR-206 and miR-133. Results There was no significant difference between the study groups in terms of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool score (p = 0.067), vitamin D (p = 0.566), alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.334), C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (p = 0.067), microR-133 (p = 0.093) and miR-206 (p = 0.723). Conclusion Overall, the results of this study illustrated 12-weeks of elastic band resistance training causes a slight and insignificant improvement in osteoporosis markers in women affected with Osteosarcopenic Obesity. Trial registration Randomized controlled trial (RCT) (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, trial registration number: IRCT20180627040260N1. Date of registration: 27/11/2018.

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