STUDIES IN PLANT MINERAL NUTRITION: III. THE EFFECTS OF CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN CULTURE SOLUTIONS UPON THE ABSORPTION OF IRON AND MANGANESE BY DWARF KIDNEY BEAN

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Taper ◽  
W. Leach
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Optimum Range ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Definite relationships between the absorption of iron, manganese, and calcium were revealed in experiments with dwarf kidney beans grown in complete nutrient solutions containing various concentrations of iron and manganese, and two concentrations of calcium. The effects of these treatments upon the leaf contents of iron and manganese were determined by spectrophotometric analysis.It was found that increase in the concentration of either one of the metals, iron or manganese, relative to the concentration of the other, in the culture solution, appeared to depress the concentration of the other in the leaves, regardless of calcium level in the solution. Further, increase in the calcium level appeared to depress the accumulation by the leaves of both iron and manganese, regardless of their concentrations in the culture solution and the ratio between them.The iron to manganese concentration ratio in the culture solution was a factor in determining the presence or absence of deficiency symptoms. With 42 p.p.m. of calcium in the culture solution, healthy plants resulted within an optimum iron: manganese ratio range of approximately 0.5 to 5.0, whereas, in the case of 143 p.p.m. of calcium, healthy plants resulted only when the ratio was 2, indicating a narrower optimum range for the higher calcium level. Iron: manganese ratios below the optimum range resulted in iron deficiency symptoms, and above this range, in manganese deficiency symptoms.The data suggest that a minimum content of each of the metals, iron and manganese, must be present in the leaf tissues in order that healthy plants may result.

STUDIES IN PLANT MINERAL NUTRITION: II. THE ABSORPTION OF IRON AND MANGANESE BY DWARF KIDNEY BEAN, TOMATO, AND ONION FROM CULTURE SOLUTIONS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Leach ◽  
C. D. Taper
Keyword(s):  
Culture Solution ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Optimum Range ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Plant Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Kidney Beans ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Iron And Manganese ◽  
Dwarf Bean

Dwarf kidney beans and tomatoes were grown in complete nutrient solutions containing various concentrations of iron and manganese. It was found that the iron to manganese ratio in the culture solutions must be within a definite range in order to avoid deficiency symptoms in the experimental plants. For the dwarf bean this range was 1.5 to 3.0, and for the tomato it was 0.5 to 5.0. Concentration ratios outside the optimum range produced either iron or manganese deficiency symptoms. Concentrations below minimum values of both iron and manganese always produced deficiency symptoms irrespective of the ratio of iron to manganese in the culture solutions. An apparent antagonism between the absorption of iron and of manganese was observed with both beans and tomatoes grown in nutrient solutions. This antagonism was also found to occur with onions grown in solutions containing only the sulphates of the two metals. It was further found that with onions growing in single salt solutions of the sulphates of iron and manganese, the concentration of iron or manganese in the solutions did not affect the amounts of the metals absorbed by the plants from the solutions. The combined amount of iron plus manganese absorbed appeared to remain constant irrespective of the iron to manganese ratio in the culture solution.

Influence of Ammonia Nitrogen on Treatment of Groundwater Containing iron and Manganese in Aeration-Contact Oxidation Filtration Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 2414-2418
Author(s):  
Yu Hua Zhao ◽  
Yan Feng Li ◽  
Wen Bo Zhang ◽  
Chun Na Zhang ◽  
Jin Xiang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Removal ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Contact Oxidation ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Two different kinds of water were treated with aeration-contact oxidation filtration process. One was groundwater containing iron and manganese (GIM), the other was GIM polluted by ammonia (GAIM). The results showed that ammonia has almost no influence on iron removal, but has great influence on manganese. Under the condition of 1m/h filter velocity and 10 mg/L average ammonia nitrogen concentration of inlet，the outlet manganese concentration for GAIM was less than 0.1 mg/L after 315 days. When temperature dropped to 18°C below, the manganese concentration of effluent exceeded 0.1 mg/L. When average ammonia nitrogen concentration of inlet for GAIM dropped to 3.27 mg/L, the manganese concentration of outlet for GAIM was less than 0.1 mg/L in winter. And for GIM, the manganese concentration of outlet was less than 0.1 mg/L only after 52 days. Although the filter velocity increased gradually from 1 to 7 m/h, the manganese concentration of effluent was always less than 0.1 mg/L. Therefore, ammonia pollution in the groundwater greatly increases the difficulty of water treatment.

Low-Temperature Domestication of an Iron and Manganese Oxidizing Bacteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 826-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lan Tang ◽  
Wei Bin Wu ◽  
Ya Ting He ◽  
Jin Xiang Fu ◽  
Xiao Lan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Sample Water ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Abstract.One superior iron and manganese bacteria were separated from the stable operation of porcelain granular BAF filters of removing iron, manganese and ammonia. The bacteria was domesticated at low temperature. By analyzing the sample water containing iron and manganese in the role of iron and manganese bacteria which was not domesticated and domesticated at different temperature, observing the Iron and manganese concentration with time going on, studying the bacteria’s removal of iron and manganese property and the domesticated effect. Studies show that: the selected bacteria with 1% bacterial liquid at proper temperature within 48h ,the removal rate of iron and manganese was 75% and 35% respectively;After domesticated at low temperature, the removal rate of the iron and manganese domesticated bacteria at 10°C was improved 0.4 and 2 times more than the before domesticated; The iron and manganese domesticated bacteria at 10°C did not grow at 4°C,but the bacteria’s removal rate was better than the bacteria cultured at 30°C,and the iron removal rate was improved from 23% to 35%,the manganese removal rate was improved from 5% to 11%.

scholarly journals Changes in production of organic nitrogen and carboxylates (C-A) in young sugar-beet plants grown in nutrient solutions of different nitrogen composition.

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
V.J.G. Houba ◽  
F. Van Egmond ◽  
E.M. Wittich
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Slight Rise ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Sugar-beet seedlings grown in controlled environment for 19 days in culture solution containing nitrate were then grown with nitrate, ammonium or no N. Carboxylate levels (in meq.) were approximately equal to organic N levels (in mM) in plants given nitrate, were lower in plants grown with ammonium and were higher in plants grown without further N; this was accompanied by a slight rise in culture solution pH where nitrate was supplied and a sharp drop in pH in the other treatments.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Treatment of a complex landfill leachate with peat

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Iron Manganese

The use of cheap, locally available peat as a treatment method for landfill leachate was investigated by passing leachate through plexiglass columns filled with an amorphous-granular peat. Preliminary adjustment of pH showed that reducing pH to 4.8 dramatically reduced adsorption. Increasing the pH to 8.4, metal removal was increased owing to filtration of precipitated metals. The best adsorption of metals occurred at the 'natural' pH of 7.1. Manganese was found to be the limiting pollutant. At the 0.05 mg/ℓ maximum acceptable manganese concentration 94% of the total metals were removed, requiring 159 kg of peat per 1000 ℓ of leachate.Resting the peat for 1 month did significantly increase removal capacity.Desorption of some contaminants occurred when water was percolated through the peat. The desorption test effluent was not toxic to fish although iron, lead and COD (chemical oxygen demand) exceeded acceptable values.Chemical pretreatment using lime and ferric chloride achieved significant iron, manganese and calcium removals. Chemical pretreatment followed by peat adsorption offered no advantage other than reducing toxicity to fish.Peat treatment alone was effective in reducing concentrations to a level that was non-toxic to fish.

scholarly journals Infestation of froghopper nymphs changes the amounts of total phenolics in sugarcane

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael José Navas da Silva ◽  
Eduardo Rossini Guimarães ◽  
José Francisco Garcia ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Machado Botelho ◽  
Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Phenolics ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The increased rate of sugarcane harvest without previous burn has provided a very favorable environment to the froghopper Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal, 1854), with high moisture and low temperature variation. Few works have studied the response of sugarcane to this pest, so little is known about resistant cultivars. Plant phenolics are widely studied compounds because of their known antiherbivore effect. This research aims to determine if the attack of M. fimbriolata nymphs stimulates the accumulation of total phenolics in sugarcane. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse and arranged in completely randomized design, in a 3 X 2 X 4 factorial with three replications. Second instar nymphs of M. fimbriolata were infested at the following rates: control, 2-4 and 4-8 nymphs per pot (first-second infestations, respectively). Pots were covered with nylon net and monitored daily to isolate the effect of leaf sucking adults. Leaf and root samples were collected and kept frozen in liquid nitrogen until analyses. Infested plants showed higher levels of phenolics in both root and leaf tissues. In roots, the cultivar SP80-1816 accumulated more phenolic compounds in response to the infestation of M. fimbriolata. On the other hand, higher levels were found in leaves and roots of control plants of SP86-42, which might be an indication of a non-preference mechanism. The increase of total phenolics in sugarcane infested with root-sucking froghopper nymphs does not seem to be useful to detect the resistance to this pest.

In vitro measurements of the competitive interactions between two saprobic basidiomycetes on Typha latifolia

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1523-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Schulz ◽  
James F. Cahill, ◽  
Randolph S. Currah
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
In Vitro Measurements ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Leaf Segments

Psathyrella typhae (Kalchbr.) Pearson & Dennis forms small basidiomata (mushrooms) and Sclerotium hydrophilum Saccardo in Rothert numerous minute sclerotia at the base of senescent shoots of Typha latifolia L. To assess how the two might compete in nature, isolates of these fungi were paired on autoclaved leaf segments of T. latifolia and incubated at 15 and 25 °C. The relative abundance of each species in the segments was determined by macerating the leaf tissues and then transferring fragments of macerate to microplates containing two types of media: one conclusively demonstrated the presence of P. typhae while the other demonstrated the presence of S. hydrophilum. Relative numbers of microplate wells showing positive reactions for each species on each medium indicated the proportion of the segment occupied following single and paired inoculations. These data demonstrated that competition was asymmetric, with P. typhae the stronger competitor at both temperatures, and uninhibited by the presence of S. hydrophilum. In contrast, S. hydrophilum was competitively excluded by P. typhae.

Iron and manganese removal by a membrane filtration system

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jimbo ◽  
K. Goto
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Small Capacity ◽  
Rapid Sand Filtration ◽  
Removal System ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The design standards of the iron and manganese removal system by membrane filtration were investigated. The membrane filtration after pre-chlorination could remove iron completely and could remove around 70% of manganese. In the case of manganese concentration being more than 0.05 mg/l, the membrane filtration could remove them completely after the deposition in the oxidation tank. The concentrations of iron and manganese were reduced more than 90% by the oxidation tank and were reduced until under the detection limit after the membrane filtration. The economic comparisons between the rapid sand filtration system and this membrane filtration system in a small capacity and a middle capacity were investigated. The 15 years total costs of the membrane filtration system were estimated to be smaller than or around equal to the rapid sand filtration system in both capacities.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of caporite to reduce concentration of iron and mangan in Ciliwung river water as raw water PDAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nadhila Aulia Dwiputri ◽  
Mia Azizah ◽  
Nurlela Nurlela
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Manganese Level ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The water of the Ciliwung river used as raw water for PDAM Depok contains iron and manganese, which levels were quite high and exceeded the quality standard. The purposes of the research are to determine the effectiveness of caporite to reduce levels of iron and manganese to reach levels that meet the standards of Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001. The sample used in this study was the water of the Ciliwung river used as a source of raw water for PDAM Depok with two different water treatment plant (WTP) locations, location 1 in Legong WTP and location 2 in Citayam WTP. Raw water was taken using a submersible water pump located at the bottom of the Ciliwung river. The analytical method used as a reference for determining iron levels was based on the FerroZine Rapid Liquid Method 1970, and for manganese levels was based on 1- (2-Pyridylazo) -2-Naphthol PAN Method 1977, both methods using the Spectrophotometric method. The results showed that iron and manganese levels were quite high, exceeding the standards of Government Regulation No.82 of 2001 with a maximum standard of iron content is 0.3 mg/L, and a maximum standard of manganese level is 0.1 mg/L. After adding a certain dose of chlorine to Ciliwung river water in the Legong and Citayam WTPs, it was found that chlorine effectively reduced Fe and Mn levels because it was able to reduce levels up to 80% and meet the quality standards.Keywords: Caporite, Iron, Manganese, Ciliwung River, RegulationABSTRAKEfektivitas kaporit untuk menurunkan kadar besi dan mangan dalam air sungai Ciliwung sebagai air baku PDAMAir sungai Ciliwung yang digunakan sebagai air baku PDAM Depok terdapat zat besi dan mangan dengan kadarnya cukup tinggi serta melebihi ambang baku mutu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas kaporit dalam menurunkan kadar besi dan mangan sehingga memenuhi standar baku mutu Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 untuk kelas 1. Sampel air yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil dari 2 titik lokasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) yang berbeda, yaitu  dari IPA Legong dan  IPA Citayam. Sampel air baku diambil dengan menggunakan pompa air submersible (pompa celup) yang berada di dasar sungai Ciliwung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan eksperimen jar test di laboratorium. Metode analisis untuk menentukan kadar besi  mengacu pada FerroZine Rapid Liquid Method tahun 1970 dan mangan berdasarkan 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Napthol PAN Method tahun 1977 dengan menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar besi dan mangan yang cukup tinggi hingga melebihi standar yang telah ditetapkan dalam PP No.82 Tahun 2001 dengan kadar Fe maksimal 0,3 mg/L dan kadar Mn maksimal 0,1 mg/L. Setelah dilakukan penambahan bahan kimia kaporit ke dalam sampel air sungai Ciliwung  dari  IPA Legong dan Citayam, dengan dosis 10 mg/L untuk penurunan Fe dan 30 mg/L untuk penurunan Mn dapat efektif menurunkan konsentrasi Fe dan Mn  hingga 80%, dan memenuhi  standar baku mutu yang digunakan.Kata Kunci: Kaporit, Besi, Mangan, Sungai Ciliwung, Baku Mutu

The behaviour of additives in explosions and the mechanism of antiknock. I

1960 ◽  
Vol 259 (1298) ◽  
pp. 304-324 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Manganese Compound ◽  
Tin Compounds ◽  
Induction Periods ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Metal Additives ◽  
Manganese Tricarbonyl ◽  
Absorption And Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Manganese Compounds ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The behaviour of Te Me 2 , I 2 , Si Me 4 , Sn Et 4 , methyl cyclo pentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl ( AK -33X), Fe(CO) 5 , ferrocene, Hg vapour and Hg ( iso -propyl) 2 was observed during explosions of amyl nitrite (sensitizer), n -heptane and oxygen. After flash initiation, the reactions were followed by kinetic absorption and emission spectroscopy. The effect of these substances with respect to antiknock action, smoke formation, effect on induction period (preflame reaction) and the emission of light, has been recorded. With the tin and transition metal additives, smokes formed during the induction periods, characterized by a continuous scattering over the entire continuum. A K -33X increased or decreased the induction periods, according to the conditions. TeMe2 and I 2 increased the induction periods by homogeneous reactions. None of the other compounds changed the duration of the induction periods, including the iron compounds which are known to be antiknocks. With the iron and tin compounds included in the charges, smokes formed early in the induction periods and it was therefore concluded that the colloidal solids formed during the combustion of these compounds do not delay auto-ignition by preflame end gas reactions. It follows that there are two mechanisms of antiknock. It is suggested that the occurrence of heterogeneous inhibition is contrary to experience: (a) because there is insufficient surface exposed, (b) because the efficiency of reaction of chain centres at surfaces is low, (c) because the other antiknocks, Te Me 2 I 2 and Pb Et 4 act homogeneously. It is proposed that the second mechanism of antiknock, into which category the iron and manganese compounds fall, is a result of the reaction of the additive on the burnt or burning gases, rather than on the unburned gases. An intense emission of infra-red and visible light from explosions containing iron and manganese may be related to their mechanism as antiknocks; it is suggested that the increase in radiative cooling, caused by excitation and fluorescence of gaseous metal oxides and/or specific deactivation of propagating centres by metal or metal oxide species, plays an important role in this effect. The manganese compound also exhibits antiknock properties of the first type.

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