THE EFFECTS OF GIBBERELLIC ACID AND CYCOCEL ON THE GROWTH OF CULTURED LEAF TISSUE

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael Bristow
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Leaf Morphogenesis ◽  
Total Cell Number ◽  
Pteris Cretica ◽  
Meristematic Activity

Meristematic sections of Pteris cretica var. wimsetti leaves were cultured in various nutrient media. Gibberellic acid (GA), in the presence of sucrose, brought about a significant increase in area compared with controls over a 4-week period. GA also prolonged meristematic activity for up to 8 months, the tissue increasing many times in area and dry weight during this interval. GA significantly increased total cell number, while having no effect on the size of individual epidermal cells. Cycocel ((2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride) strongly inhibited the growth of leaf sections, but this inhibition was completely reversed by GA. The possible role of gibberellins in leaf morphogenesis is discussed.

scholarly journals Action of growth regulators on production of soybean cultivar Davis

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R.C. Castro ◽  
Roberto S. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Soybean Plants

This research deals with the effects of exogenous growth regulators on production of soybean plant (Glycine max cv.. Davis) under greenhouse conditions, At the flower anthesis, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) 20 ppm was applied. Other two applications with TiBA, with intervals of four days, were realized. Before flowering, Agrostemin (1 g/10 ml/3 1), gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, and (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm were applied. It was observed that CCC and TIBA reduced stem dry weight. Soybean plants treated with TIBA reduced weight of pods without seeds , seed number and seed weight.

Role of gibberellic acid in cotton fibre development

2002 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. GOKANI ◽  
V. S. THAKER
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cotton Fibre ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Fibre Development ◽  
The Media

Fibres of three cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum H-4, H-8 and G. arboreum G. Cot-15) were analysed for growth in terms of fibre length and dry weight and endogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) content thrice during 1997–2000, at Rajkot. The development of cotton fibre was divided into four distinct growth phases but overlap between elongation and secondary thickening was considerable which suggests that both these phases are independent of each other. During fibre elongation, GA3 content remained low and increased after a decrease in the rate of fibre elongation in all three genotypes. The long staple cultivar (H-4) showed highest endogenous GA3 content followed by the middle one (H-8) and the short staple cultivar (G. Cot-15). In in vitro studies when GA3, NAA or GA3+NAA was supplemented to the media, increase in fibre length of the short staple cultivar was maximum, followed by the middle one and the long staple cultivar. Both in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that GA3 is one of the important factors that determine fibre length.

scholarly journals 125 THE ROLE OF ETHYLENE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTANT-LIGHT INJURY OF POTATO

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 446c-446
Author(s):  
K. E. Cushman ◽  
T. W. Tibbitts
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Silver Thiosulfate ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Teflon Film ◽  
Necrotic Spotting

Chlorosis and necrotic spotting develop on expanding leaves of particular cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) when grown under constant light and temperature conditions. Plantlets of a constant-light sensitive cultivar, Kennebec, were planted into peat:vermiculite and established at 18C for 10 d under a 12 h light: 12 h dark photoperiod. Plants were then exposed to constant light and sprayed with 1 ml of either 0.5 mM silver thiosulfate (STS), an ethylene-action inhibitor, or water (as a control) every 2 days. Specific `target' leaflets, 5-10 mm in length at the beginning of the constant-light period, were harvested on days 5-9 of constant light, during injury development, and placed in bags made of Teflon film for IO-15 minutes to collect ethylene. Ethylene release and necrotic spotting increased as days of constant light increased for both water and STS-treated leaves, though STS-treated leaves produced slightly less ethylene and significantly less necrotic spotting than water-treated leaves. Ethylene release was correlated with extent of necrotic spotting. STS-treated plants exhibited greater dry weight and leaf area then water-treated plants. The results indicate that ethylene is not only produced by injured leaf tissue but, in addition, that ethylene may have a role in the development of constant-light injury symptoms.

scholarly journals Effects of growth regulators on productivity of soybean (Glycine max cv. Davis) under competition

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R.C. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Triiodobenzoic Acid

The effects of growth substances on productivity of 'Davis' soybean maintained under competition was investigated. Before the flowering, Agrostemmin (1 g/10 ml/3 1), gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, and (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm were applied. At the flower anthesis, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) 20 ppm was applied. Other two applications with TIBA, with intervals of four days, were realized. The growth regulators did not affect the productivity of 'Davis' soybean maintened under competition. The competition among plants did not affect the stem dry weight and number of pods, and seeds. The competition reduced weight of pods without seeds, seed weight, and weight of 100 seeds.

Quantitation of the spatial distribution of ‘prespore vacuoles’ in pseudoplasmodia of Dictyostelium discoideum

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-505
Author(s):  
Paul A. Farnsworth ◽  
William F. Loomis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Axial Distribution ◽  
Total Cell Number ◽  
Total Complement ◽  
Number Of Cells

The axial distribution of an organelle, the prespore vacuole (PV), previously reported absent from the prestalk region, was determined in pseudoplasmodia of varying sizes, under differing conditions of photostimulation of migration. The distribution of these organelles, determined quantitatively by electron microscopy ofsections from known axial locations, was found to have a spatial pattern which varied with pseudoplasmodial size. The total complement of these organelles appeared constant for any size of pseudoplasmodium under similar conditions of illumination. Increased illumination decreased the total number of the organelles. The spatial distribution of PV varies with total cell number, and the size of the region with no PV bears no relationship to the proportion of the cell mass which would form stalk cells. Similarly, the number of cells containing PV bears no fixed relationship to the number of cells which will form spores. On these grounds, the reported role of PV, that of directing or reflecting spore differentiation, appears unlikely.

scholarly journals The influence of gibberellic acid and kinetin on the growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb.

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Buczek ◽  
G. Kubik-Dorosz ◽  
E. Tatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Scenedesmus Quadricauda ◽  
Phase Cell ◽  
Cell Multiplication ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Later Phase

The influence of gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) and of kinetin (6-furfurylamino purine) on the increment of cell number increase in dry weight and upon protein level in <i>Scenedesmus quadricauda</i> (Turp.) Bréb. was studied. It was found that 10<sup>-7</sup> M GA<sub>3</sub> stimulates at the same time cell growth and dry weight increase of the algae. No influence of GA<sub>3</sub> upon the protein content was observed. Kinetin of 10<sup>-</sup> M concentration stimulates in the initial growth phase cell multiplication and increases the protein level. This substance promotes the increment in dry weight however in the later phase of growth. Furthermore kinetin prolongs the viability of algae, extending the growth phase.

Phosphoglucoisomerase activity in the atherosclerotic aorta. I

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Anastassiades ◽  
O. F. Denstedt
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Total Cell Number ◽  
The Media

Specimens of human aortic tissue taken at autopsy were selected on the basis of clinical and pathological criteria. Normal and atherosclerotic areas were excised from each specimen and the intima was separated from the media by dissection. Samples of each dissected specimen were taken for measurement of phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) activity and analysis for the content of moisture, total nitrogen, noncollagen nitrogen, and DNA. While little difference was found in PGI activity between the normal and atherosclerotic areas when the activity was calculated on the basis of the wet or dry weight of the tissue, a significantly higher activity was revealed in the atherosclerotic intima specimens when the values were calculated on the basis of the content of nitrogen, DNA, or noncollagen nitrogen. The last two criteria reflect the total cell number and total cell mass, respectively, and when used for the calculation of PGI activity give the best agreement.

Effects of the pseudomonad phytotoxin coronatine on tomato leaf structure and ultrastructure

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 862-863
Author(s):  
D.A. Palmer ◽  
C.L. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Prominent Symptom ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Structure And Ultrastructure

Coronatine is a non-host-specific phytotoxin produced by several members of the Pseudomonas syringae group of pathovars. The toxin acts as a virulence factor in P. syringae pv. tomato, allowing the organism to multiply to a higher population density and develop larger lesions than mutant strains unable to produce the toxin. The most prominent symptom observed in leaf tissue treated with coronatine is an intense spreading chlorosis; this has been attributed to a loss of chlorophylls a and b in tobacco. Coronatine's effects on membrane integrity and cell ultrastructure have not been previously investigated. The present study describes changes in tomato leaves in response to treatment with purified coronatine, infection by a coronatine-producing strain of P. syringae pv. tomato, and infection by a cor" mutant.In contrast to H2O-treated tissue, coronatine-treated tissue showed a diffuse chlorosis extending approximately 5 mm from the inoculation site. Leaf thickness, cell number, and cell dimensions were similar for both healthy and coronatine-treated, chlorotic tissue; however, the epidermal cell walls were consistently thicker in coronatine-treated leaves (Figs, la and lb).

Accumulation of microelements by different invertebrate trophic groups on wasted lands

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Didur ◽  
Yu. L. Kulbachko ◽  
V. Y. Gasso
Keyword(s):  
Active Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Ore Dressing ◽  
Processing Enterprise

<p>The problem of transformation of natural landscapes resulted from the negative technogenic impact is highlighted. It is shown that mining enterprises are powerful anthropo-technical sources of organic and inorganic toxicants entering the environment. Their wastes pollute all components of the ecosystems and negatively influence human health by increasing a risk of disease. The nature of the accumulation of trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Pb) by invertebrate animals of various functional groups under conditions of anthropo-technogenic pressure was studied. The sample plots were located on self-overgrowing sites with ruderal vegetation located in the immediate vicinity of the Mangan ore-dressing and processing enterprise (Dnipropetrovsk region). It is quite naturally that among the studied biogenic microelements (Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni), the phyto-, zoo-, and saprophages in the investigated zone of technogenic pollution most actively accumulate Fe:<em> </em>22758, 17516 and 18884 mg/kg dry weight on average, respectively. There are significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the content of studied microelements between saprophages and phytophages. The saprophages accumulate such trace metals as Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd in high quantities, but Ni and Pb – in smaller ones. The saprophagous functional group of invertebrates is an active agent of detritogenesis, in the conditions of modern nature management it acts as a powerful element of ecosystem engineering (habitat transformation), the main ecological role of which is to modify the habitat of other soil biota. In addition, the saprophages fulfil their concentrating geochemical function. They actively participate in the most important soil biochemical process: the formation of humus, the migration of microelements along trophic chains, the biological cycle in general, and provide such supporting ecosystem services as increasing soil fertility and nutrient cycling.</p>

scholarly journals Phytoextraction of Lead Using a Hedge Plant [Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson]: Physiological and Biochemical Alterations through Bioresource Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5074
Author(s):  
Urooj Kanwal ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Farhat Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Yamin ◽  
Fariha Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Biomass Plant ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽  
Pb Concentration

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach that can be used for the remediation of metals in polluted soil. This study used a hedge plant–calico (Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson) to determine the role of citric acid in lead (Pb) phytoremediation by exposing it to different concentrations of Pb (0, 200, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1) as well as in a combination with citric acid concentration (0, 250, 500 µM). The analysis of variance was applied on results for significant effects of the independent variables on the dependent variables using SPSS (ver10). According to the results, maximum Pb concentration was measured in the upper parts of the plant. An increase in dry weight biomass, plant growth parameters, and photosynthetic contents was observed with the increase of Pb application (200 mg kg−1) in soil while a reduced growth was experienced at higher Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). The antioxidant enzymatic activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced under lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas the reduction occurred at greater metal concentration Pb (1000 mg kg−1). There was a usual reduction in electrolyte leakage (EL) at lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas EL increased at maximum Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). We concluded that this hedge plant, A. Bettzickiana, has the greater ability to remediate polluted soils aided with citric acid application.

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